Solaris 8.0 常用命令解釋(轉)

Solaris 8.0 常用命令解釋(轉)[@more@]

　　Debugging

　　truss executable

　　/* Trace doing of given command ( useful debugging ) */

　　truss -f -p

　　/* Using multiple windows, this can be used to trace setuid/setgid programs */

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　　Arp, ethernet trouble shooting

　　arp -a .

　　/* Shows the ethernet address arp table */

　　arp -d myhost

　　/* Delete a stale ethernet entry for host myhost */

　　Disk Commands

　　du -k .

　　/* Reports disk space used in Kilobytes */

　　du -sk .

　　/* Reports only total disk space used in Kilobytes */

　　du -ad /var | sort -nr

　　/* Tells you how big the /var files are in reverse order */

　　fdformat -d -U

　　/* Format diskette */

　　/usr/bin/iostat -E

　　/* Command to display drives statistics */

　　/bin/mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/sr0 /cdrom

　　/* Mount an ISO 9660 CDROM */

　　prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2

　　/* Disk geometry and partitioning info */

　　quot -af

　　/* How much space is used by users in kilobytes */

　　Driver Parameters

　　ndd /dev/ip ?

　　/* Shows IP variables in the kernel */

　　ndd /dev/ip ip_forwarding

　　/* Tells you if forwarding is on (=1) */

　　ndd -set /dev/ip ip_forwarding 1

　　/* Enables IP forwarding between interfaces */

　　File Manipulation

　　dos2unix | -ascii

　　/* Converts DOS file formats to Unix */

　　split

　　/* Split files into pieces */

　　[vi] : %s/existing/new/g

　　/* Search and Replace text in vi */

　　[vi] :set nu

　　/* Set line numbers in vi */

　　[vi] :set ts=[num]

　　/* Set tab stops in vi */

　　File System

　　cat /dev/null > filename

　　/* Zero's out the file without breaking pipe */

　　dd if=/dev/rdsk/... of=/dev/rdsk/... bs=4096

　　/* Make a mirror image of your boot disk */

　　df -k | grep dg| awk '{print $6}' |xargs -n 1 umount

　　/* Unmount all file systems in disk group dg */

　　fsck -F ufs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0

　　/* Check a UFS filesystem on c0t0d0s0 */

　　fsck -F ufs -y /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0

　　/* Check answering yes to all questions */

　　fsck -F ufs -o b=97472 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0

　　/* Check using an alternate super block */

　　gzip -dc file1.tar.gz | tar xf -

　　/* Unpack .tar.gz files in place */

　　ls -la | awk '{ print $5," ",$9 }' | sort -rn

　　/* File sizes of current directory */

　　mount -f pcfs /dev/dsk/c0d0p1 /export/dos

　　/* Mount DOS fdisk partition from Solaris */

　　mount -F ufs -o rw,remount /

　　/* Used to remount root to make it writeable */

　　mount -o remount,logging /spare

　　/* Re-mount the ro file system rw and turn on ufs logging */

　　tar cvf filename.tar

　　/* Create a tape (tar) archive */

　　tar xvf filename.tar

　　/* Extract a tape (tar) archive */

　　tar cf - . | (cd /newdir ; tar xf -)

　　/* Recursively copy files and their permissions */

　　/sbin/uadmin x x

　　/* Syncs File Systems and Reboots systems fast */

　　zcat

　　/* Extract the patch_file that is a compressed tar file */

　　File Transfer

　　put "| tar cf - ." filename.tar

　　/* Undocumented Feature of FTP */

　　find . -depth | cpio -pdmv /path/tobe/copied/to

　　/* Fast alternative to cp -pr */

　　sendport

　　/* Transferring large numbers of files within the same ftp control session */

　　General

　　/usr/bin/catman -w

　　/* Create windex databases for man page directories */

　　mailx -H -u

　　/* List out mail headers for specified user */

　　set filec

　　/* Set file-completion for csh */

　　Hardware

　　cfgadm

　　/* Verify reconfigurable hardware resources */

　　m64config -prconf

　　/* Print M64 hardware configuration */

　　m64config -depth 8|24

　　/* Sets the screen depth of your M64 graphics accelerator */

　　m64config -res 'video_mode'

　　/* Change the resolution of your M64 graphics accelerator */

　　Kernel

　　/usr/sbin/modinfo

　　/* Display kernel module information */

　　/usr/sbin/modload

　　/* Load a kernel module */

　　/usr/sbin/modunload -i

　　/* Unload a kernel module */

　　nm -x /dev/ksyms | grep OBJ | more

　　/* Tuneable kernel parameters */

　　/usr/sbin/sysdef

　　/* Show system kernal tunable details */

　　Memory

　　prtconf | grep "Memory size"

　　/* Display Memory Size */

　　Network Information

　　ndd /dev/arp arp_cache_report

　　/* Prints ARP table in cache with IP and MAC address */

　　netstat -a | grep EST | wc -l

　　/* Displays number active established connections to the localhost */

　　netstat -k hme0

　　/* Undocumented netstat command */

　　netstat -i

　　/* Show the TCP/IP network interfaces */

　　netstat -np

　　/* Similar to arp -a without name resolution */

　　netstat -r

　　/* Show network route table */

　　netstat -rn

　　/* Displays routing information but bypasses hostname lookup. */

　　netstat -a | more

　　/* Show the state of all sockets */

　　traceroute

　　/* Follow the route to the ipaddress */

　　Network/Tuning

　　ifconfig eth0 mtu 1500

　　/* Change MTU of interface */

　　ifconfig eth0 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.255

　　/* Add an Interface */

　　/sbin/ifconfig hme0:1 inet 10.210.xx.xxx netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.210.xxx.xxx

　　/* Virtual Interfaces */

　　/sbin/ifconfig hme0:1 up

　　/* Bring virtual interface up */

　　/usr/sbin/ndd -set /dev/hme adv_100fdx_cap 1

　　/* Nailling to 100Mbps */

　　ndd -set /dev/ip ip_addrs_per_if 1-8192

　　/* To set more than 256 virtual ip addresses. */

　　ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_xmit_hiwat 65535

　　/* Increase TCP-transmitbuffers */

　　ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_recv_hiwat 65535

　　/* Increase TCP-receivebuffers */

　　Processes

　　fuser -uc /var

　　/* Processes that are running from /var */

　　kill -HUP `ps -ef | grep [p]roccess | awk '{print $2}'`

　　/* HUP any related process in one step */

　　pfiles

　　/* Shows processes' current open files */

　　pkill -n

　　/* Kill a process by name */

　　kill `ps -ef | grep program_name | grep -v grep | cut -f8 -d ' '`

　　/* pkill for solaris 2.6 */

　　prstat -a

　　/* An alternative for top command */

　　/usr/ucb/ps -aux | more

　　/* Displays CPU % usage for each process in ascending order */

　　/usr/ucb/ps -auxww | grep

　　/* Gives the full listing of the process (long listing) */

　　ps -ef | grep -i | awk '{ print $2 }'

　　/* Creates list of running PID by */

　　ps -ef | grep -v "0:00" | more

　　/* Gives you a list of any process with CPU time more than 0:00 */

　　ps -ef | more

　　/* Show all processes running */

　　ps -fu oracle|grep pmon

　　/* See which instances of Oracle are running */

　　/usr/proc/bin/ptree

　　/* Print the parent/child process 'tree' of a process */

　　/usr/proc/bin/pwdx

　　/* Print the working directory of a process */

　　top -b 1

　　/* Returns the process utilizing the most cpu and quits */

　　Resource Management

　　/usr/bin/ldd [filename]

　　/* List the dynamic dependencies of executable files */

　　/usr/proc/bin/pmap pid

　　/* Report address space map a process occupies */

　　Route Configuration

　　route add net 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.6 1

　　/* Adds route to 128.50 network via 128.50.1.6 */

　　route delete net 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.6

　　/* Deletes route to 128.50 network */

　　route get [hostname]

　　/* Which interface will be used to contact hostname */

　　route monitor

　　/* Monitors traffic to the routes */

　　route flush

　　/* Removes all entries in the route table */

　　Searching Items

　　egrep "patterna|patternb"

　　/* Search for multiple patterns within the same file */

　　find . -exec egrep -li "str" {} ;

　　/* Find a string in files starting cwd */

　　find / -fstype nfs -prune -o fstype autofs -prune -o -name filename -print

　　/* Find without traversing NFS mounted file systems */

　　find . -mtime -1 -type f

　　/* Find recently modified files */

　　find / -mtime

　　/* Find files modified during the past # of days */

　　find . ! -mtime - | /usr/bin/xargs rm -rf

　　/* Finds and removes files older than specified */

　　find . -type f -exec grep "" {} ; -print

　　/* Find files containing within directory tree */

　　find . -type f -print | xargs grep -i [PATTERN]

　　/* Recursive grep on files */

　　find / -user

　　/* Find all files owned by */

　　find / | grep [file mask]

　　/* Fast way to search for files */

　　find -name "" -exec rm -rf {} ;

　　/* Recursively finds files by name and automatically removes them */

　　find /proc/*/fd -links 0 -type f -size +2000 -ls

　　/* Find large files held open by a process */

　　ls -lR | grep

　　/* Fast alternative to find */

　　Security

　　echo 'Please go away' > /etc/nologin

　　/* Stops users logging in */

　　find / -perm -0777 -type d -ls

　　/* Find all your writable directories */

　　find / -type f -perm -2000 -print

　　/* Find all SGID files */

　　find / -type f -perm -4000 -print

　　/* find all SUID files */

　　Set Terminal Options

　　stty erase ^H

　　/* Sets the Backspace Key to erase */

　　stty erase ^?

　　/* Sets the Delete Key to erase */

　　stty sane

　　/* Rreset terminal after viewing a binary file. */

　　tput rmacs

　　/* Reset to standard char set */

　　Snoop Your Network

　　snoop -d pcelx0

　　/* Watch all network packets on device pcelx0 */

　　snoop -o /tmp/mylog pcelx0

　　/* Saves packets from device pcelx0 to a file */

　　snoop -i /tmp/mylog host1 host2

　　/* View packets from logfile between host1 & host2 */

　　snoop -i /tmp/mylog -v -p101

　　/* Show all info on packet number 101 from a logfile */

　　snoop -i /tmp/mylog -o /tmp/newlog host1

　　/* Write a new logfile with all host1 packets */

　　snoop -s 120

　　/* Return the first 120 bytes in the packet header */

　　snoop -v arp

　　/* Capture arp broadcasts on your network */

　　Swap File

　　mkfile -v 10m /export/disk1/myswap

　　/* Makes a 10 Megabyte swapfile in /export/disk */

　　mkfile -nv 10m /export/disk1/myswap

　　/* Makes an empty 10 Megabyte swapfile */

　　Swap Space

　　swap -s

　　/* List the amount of swap space available, also see mkfile */

　　swap -a /export/disk1/swapfile

　　/* Add a swapfile */

　　swap -d /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s4

　　/* Deletes a swap device */

　　swap -l

　　/* List the current swap devices */

　　System Configuration

　　/usr/sbin/eeprom auto-boot? false

　　/* Changes eeprom autoboot? setting without going to Ok prompt */

　　/usr/sbin/eeprom diagswitch? true

　　/* Set the system to perform diagnostics on the next reboot. */

　　/usr/sbin/grpck

　　/* Check /etc/group file syntax */

　　/usr/sbin/pwck

　　/* Check /etc/passwd file syntax */

　　/usr/sbin/sys-unconfig

　　/* Clear host specific network configuration information */

　　System Information and Monitoring

　　coreadm -e log

　　/* Report global core */

　　/usr/sbin/eeprom

　　/* Show eeprom parameters */

　　grep "-root" /var/adm/sulog | grep -v + | tail -25

　　/* List most recent attempts to switch to superuser account. */

　　isainfo -bv

　　/* Quickly checkout if machine is in 32 or 64 bit mode */

　　last

　　/* Tells who was or still is on the system */

　　logger -i

　　/* Log the process ID */

　　/usr/sbin/prtconf -vp

　　/* Show system configuration details */

　　/usr/platform/`/bin/uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v

　　/* System Diagnostics */

　　psrinfo | wc -l

　　/* Display number of processors */

　　sar -A

　　/* Provides cumulative system report. */

　　sar -a

　　/* Report use of file access system routines. */

　　sar -u

　　/* Report CPU Utilization */

　　uname -a

　　/* Displays system information */

　　vmstat 10

　　/* Displays summary of what the system is doing every 10 seconds */

　　ypcat hosts | sort -n -t. +0 -1 +1 -2 +2 -3 +3 -4

　　/* Take the input of "ypcat hosts" or "cat /etc/inet/hosts" and sort by IP. */