最近在學習Python,給自己找了一個任務,做網站文章的爬蟲小專案。
目標
- 1,學習Python爬蟲
- 2,爬取新聞網站新聞列表
- 3,爬取圖片
- 4,把爬取到的資料存在本地資料夾或者資料庫
- 5,學會用pycharm的pip安裝Python需要用到的擴充套件包
一,首先看看Python是如何簡單的爬取網頁的
1,準備工作
專案用的BeautifulSoup4和chardet模組屬於三方擴充套件包,如果沒有請自行pip安裝,我是用pycharm來做的安裝,下面簡單講下用pycharm安裝chardet和BeautifulSoup4
-
在pycharm的設定裡按照下圖的步驟操作
-
如下圖搜尋你要的擴充套件類庫,如我們這裡需要安裝chardet直接搜尋就行,然後點選install package, BeautifulSoup4做一樣的操作就行
- 安裝成功後就會出現在在安裝列表中,到此就說明我們安裝網路爬蟲擴充套件庫成功
二,由淺入深,我們先抓取網頁
我們這裡以抓取簡書首頁為例:www.jianshu.com/
# 簡單的網路爬蟲
from urllib import request
import chardet
response = request.urlopen("http://www.jianshu.com/")
html = response.read()
charset = chardet.detect(html)# {'language': '', 'encoding': 'utf-8', 'confidence': 0.99}
html = html.decode(str(charset["encoding"])) # 解碼
print(html)
複製程式碼
由於抓取的html文件比較長,這裡簡單貼出來一部分給大家看下
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if IE 6]><html class="ie lt-ie8"><![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 7]><html class="ie lt-ie8"><![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8]><html class="ie ie8"><![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 9]><html class="ie ie9"><![endif]-->
<!--[if !IE]><!--> <html> <!--<![endif]-->
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
<!-- Start of Baidu Transcode -->
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" />
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" />
<meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width"/>
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/>
<meta name="mobile-agent" content="format=html5;url=http://localhost/">
<!-- End of Baidu Transcode -->
<meta name="description" content="簡書是一個優質的創作社群,在這裡,你可以任性地創作,一篇短文、一張照片、一首詩、一幅畫……我們相信,每個人都是生活中的藝術家,有著無窮的創造力。">
<meta name="keywords" content="簡書,簡書官網,圖文編輯軟體,簡書下載,圖文創作,創作軟體,原創社群,小說,散文,寫作,閱讀">
..........後面省略一大堆
複製程式碼
這就是Python3的爬蟲簡單入門,是不是很簡單,建議大家多敲幾遍
三,Python3爬取網頁裡的圖片並把圖片儲存到本地資料夾
目標
- 爬取百度貼吧裡的圖片
- 把圖片儲存到本地,都是妹子圖片奧 不多說,直接上程式碼,程式碼裡的註釋很詳細。大家仔細閱讀註釋就可以理解了
import re
import urllib.request
#爬取網頁html
def getHtml(url):
page = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
html = page.read()
return html
html = getHtml("http://tieba.baidu.com/p/3205263090")
html = html.decode('UTF-8')
#獲取圖片連結的方法
def getImg(html):
# 利用正規表示式匹配網頁裡的圖片地址
reg = r'src="([.*\S]*\.jpg)" pic_ext="jpeg"'
imgre=re.compile(reg)
imglist=re.findall(imgre,html)
return imglist
imgList=getImg(html)
imgCount=0
#for把獲取到的圖片都下載到本地pic資料夾裡,儲存之前先在本地建一個pic資料夾
for imgPath in imgList:
f=open("../pic/"+str(imgCount)+".jpg",'wb')
f.write((urllib.request.urlopen(imgPath)).read())
f.close()
imgCount+=1
print("全部抓取完成")
複製程式碼
迫不及待的看下都爬取到了些什麼美圖
就這麼輕易的爬取到了24個妹子的圖片。是不是很簡單。
四,Python3爬取新聞網站新聞列表
- 這裡我們只爬取新聞標題,新聞url,新聞圖片連結。
- 爬取到的資料目前只做展示,等我學完Python運算元據庫以後會把爬取到的資料儲存到資料庫。
到這裡稍微複雜點,就分佈給大家講解
- 1 這裡我們需要先爬取到html網頁上面第一步有講怎麼抓取網頁
- 2分析我們要抓取的html標籤
這裡就要用到我們匯入的BeautifulSoup4庫了,這裡的關鍵程式碼
# 使用剖析器為html.parser
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
# 獲取到每一個class=hot-article-img的a節點
allList = soup.select('.hot-article-img')
複製程式碼
上面程式碼獲取到的allList就是我們要獲取的新聞列表,抓取到的如下
[<div class="hot-article-img">
<a href="/article/211390.html" target="_blank">
![](https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201708/22/173535862821.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg)
</a>
</div>, <div class="hot-article-img">
<a href="/article/214982.html" target="_blank" title="TFBOYS成員各自飛,商業價值天花板已現?">
<!--視訊和圖片保留一個-->
![](https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/17/094856378420.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg)
</a>
</div>, <div class="hot-article-img">
<a href="/article/213703.html" target="_blank" title="買手店江湖">
<!--視訊和圖片保留一個-->
![](https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/17/122655034450.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg)
</a>
</div>, <div class="hot-article-img">
<a href="/article/214679.html" target="_blank" title="iPhone X正式告訴我們,手機和相機開始分道揚鑣">
<!--視訊和圖片保留一個-->
![](https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/14/182151300292.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg)
</a>
</div>, <div class="hot-article-img">
<a href="/article/214962.html" target="_blank" title="信用已被透支殆盡,樂視汽車或成賈躍亭棄子">
<!--視訊和圖片保留一個-->
![](https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/16/210518696352.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg)
</a>
</div>, <div class="hot-article-img">
<a href="/article/214867.html" target="_blank" title="別小看“搞笑諾貝爾獎”,要向好奇心致敬">
<!--視訊和圖片保留一個-->
![](https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/15/180620783020.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg)
</a>
</div>, <div class="hot-article-img">
<a href="/article/214954.html" target="_blank" title="10 年前改變世界的,可不止有 iPhone | 發車">
<!--視訊和圖片保留一個-->
![](https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/16/162049096015.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg)
</a>
</div>, <div class="hot-article-img">
<a href="/article/214908.html" target="_blank" title="感謝微博替我做主">
<!--視訊和圖片保留一個-->
![](https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/16/010410913192.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg)
</a>
</div>, <div class="hot-article-img">
<a href="/article/215001.html" target="_blank" title="蘋果確認取消打賞抽成,但還有多少內容讓你覺得值得掏腰包?">
<!--視訊和圖片保留一個-->
![](https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/17/154147105217.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg)
</a>
</div>, <div class="hot-article-img">
<a href="/article/214969.html" target="_blank" title="中國音樂的“全面付費”時代即將到來?">
<!--視訊和圖片保留一個-->
![](https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/17/101218317953.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg)
</a>
</div>, <div class="hot-article-img">
<a href="/article/214964.html" target="_blank" title="百麗退市啟示錄:“一代鞋王”如何與新生代消費者漸行漸遠">
<!--視訊和圖片保留一個-->
![](https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/16/213400162818.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg)
</a>
</div>]
複製程式碼
這裡資料是抓取到了,但是太亂了,並且還有很多不是我們想要的,下面就通過遍歷來提煉出我們的有效資訊
- 3 提取有效資訊
#遍歷列表,獲取有效資訊
for news in allList:
aaa = news.select('a')
# 只選擇長度大於0的結果
if len(aaa) > 0:
# 文章連結
try:#如果丟擲異常就代表為空
href = url + aaa[0]['href']
except Exception:
href=''
# 文章圖片url
try:
imgUrl = aaa[0].select('img')[0]['src']
except Exception:
imgUrl=""
# 新聞標題
try:
title = aaa[0]['title']
except Exception:
title = "標題為空"
print("標題",title,"\nurl:",href,"\n圖片地址:",imgUrl)
print("==============================================================================================")
複製程式碼
這裡新增異常處理,主要是有的新聞可能沒有標題,沒有url或者圖片,如果不做異常處理,可能導致我們爬取的中斷。
過濾後的有效資訊
標題 標題為空
url: https://www.huxiu.com/article/211390.html
圖片地址: https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201708/22/173535862821.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg
==============================================================================================
標題 TFBOYS成員各自飛,商業價值天花板已現?
url: https://www.huxiu.com/article/214982.html
圖片地址: https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/17/094856378420.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg
==============================================================================================
標題 買手店江湖
url: https://www.huxiu.com/article/213703.html
圖片地址: https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/17/122655034450.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg
==============================================================================================
標題 iPhone X正式告訴我們,手機和相機開始分道揚鑣
url: https://www.huxiu.com/article/214679.html
圖片地址: https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/14/182151300292.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg
==============================================================================================
標題 信用已被透支殆盡,樂視汽車或成賈躍亭棄子
url: https://www.huxiu.com/article/214962.html
圖片地址: https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/16/210518696352.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg
==============================================================================================
標題 別小看“搞笑諾貝爾獎”,要向好奇心致敬
url: https://www.huxiu.com/article/214867.html
圖片地址: https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/15/180620783020.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg
==============================================================================================
標題 10 年前改變世界的,可不止有 iPhone | 發車
url: https://www.huxiu.com/article/214954.html
圖片地址: https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/16/162049096015.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg
==============================================================================================
標題 感謝微博替我做主
url: https://www.huxiu.com/article/214908.html
圖片地址: https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/16/010410913192.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg
==============================================================================================
標題 蘋果確認取消打賞抽成,但還有多少內容讓你覺得值得掏腰包?
url: https://www.huxiu.com/article/215001.html
圖片地址: https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/17/154147105217.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg
==============================================================================================
標題 中國音樂的“全面付費”時代即將到來?
url: https://www.huxiu.com/article/214969.html
圖片地址: https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/17/101218317953.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg
==============================================================================================
標題 百麗退市啟示錄:“一代鞋王”如何與新生代消費者漸行漸遠
url: https://www.huxiu.com/article/214964.html
圖片地址: https://img.huxiucdn.com/article/cover/201709/16/213400162818.jpg?imageView2/1/w/280/h/210/|imageMogr2/strip/interlace/1/quality/85/format/jpg
==============================================================================================
複製程式碼
到這裡我們抓取新聞網站新聞資訊就大功告成了,下面貼出來完整程式碼
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib import request
import chardet
url = "https://www.huxiu.com"
response = request.urlopen(url)
html = response.read()
charset = chardet.detect(html)
html = html.decode(str(charset["encoding"])) # 設定抓取到的html的編碼方式
# 使用剖析器為html.parser
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
# 獲取到每一個class=hot-article-img的a節點
allList = soup.select('.hot-article-img')
#遍歷列表,獲取有效資訊
for news in allList:
aaa = news.select('a')
# 只選擇長度大於0的結果
if len(aaa) > 0:
# 文章連結
try:#如果丟擲異常就代表為空
href = url + aaa[0]['href']
except Exception:
href=''
# 文章圖片url
try:
imgUrl = aaa[0].select('img')[0]['src']
except Exception:
imgUrl=""
# 新聞標題
try:
title = aaa[0]['title']
except Exception:
title = "標題為空"
print("標題",title,"\nurl:",href,"\n圖片地址:",imgUrl)
print("==============================================================================================")
複製程式碼
資料獲取到了我們還要把資料存到資料庫,只要存到我們的資料庫裡,資料庫裡有資料了,就可以做後面的資料分析處理,也可以用這些爬取來的文章,給app提供新聞api介面,當然這都是後話了
by:年糕媽媽邱石