swiftUI-extension的使用

Aliancn發表於2024-08-25

在 Swift 中,extension 關鍵字用於為現有的類、結構體、列舉或協議新增新的功能,而無需修改原始原始碼。擴充套件可以新增新的方法、計算屬性、初始化器、下標、巢狀型別和遵循協議等。

以下是一些常見的 extension 用法示例:

為類新增方法

extension String {
    func reversedString() -> String {
        return String(self.reversed())
    }
}

let original = "Hello"
let reversed = original.reversedString() // "olleH"

為結構體新增計算屬性

struct Point {
    var x: Double
    var y: Double
}

extension Point {
    var magnitude: Double {
        return (x * x + y * y).squareRoot()
    }
}

let point = Point(x: 3, y: 4)
let magnitude = point.magnitude // 5.0

為列舉新增初始化器

enum Direction {
    case north, south, east, west
}

extension Direction {
    init?(abbreviation: String) {
        switch abbreviation.lowercased() {
        case "n": self = .north
        case "s": self = .south
        case "e": self = .east
        case "w": self = .west
        default: return nil
        }
    }
}

let direction = Direction(abbreviation: "n") // .north

為協議新增預設實現

protocol Greetable {
    func greet()
}

extension Greetable {
    func greet() {
        print("Hello!")
    }
}

struct Person: Greetable {}

let person = Person()
person.greet() // "Hello!"

為類新增協議遵循

protocol Describable {
    var description: String { get }
}

extension Int: Describable {
    var description: String {
        return "The number is \(self)"
    }
}

let number = 42
print(number.description) // "The number is 42"

為泛型型別新增擴充套件

extension Array where Element: Equatable {
    func containsDuplicates() -> Bool {
        for (index, element) in self.enumerated() {
            if self[index + 1...].contains(element) {
                return true
            }
        }
        return false
    }
}

let array = [1, 2, 3, 1]
let hasDuplicates = array.containsDuplicates() // true

透過使用 extension,你可以為現有型別新增新的功能,而無需繼承或修改原始型別。這使得程式碼更加模組化和易於維護。