1. 安裝docker環境
1.1 檢視系統環境
[root@docker-21 ~]$ lsb_release -a ; uname -rs
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS
Release: 22.04
Codename: jammy
Linux 5.15.0-118-generic
1.2 安裝系統工具
root@docker-21:~# apt-get update
root@docker-21:~# apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
1.3 安裝GPG證書
[root@docker-21 ~]$ curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
1.4 寫入軟體源
[root@docker-21 ~]$ add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
1.5 更新並安裝Docker-CE
[root@docker-21 ~]$ apt-get -y update
[root@docker-21 ~]$ apt-get -y install docker-ce
# 預設安裝完成是啟動狀態
[root@docker-21 ~]$ systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2024-08-15 03:58:31 UTC; 32s ago
TriggeredBy: ● docker.socket
Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 20446 (dockerd)
Tasks: 10
Memory: 23.9M
CPU: 356ms
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
└─20446 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
Aug 15 03:58:30 docker-21 systemd[1]: Starting Docker Application Container Engine...
Aug 15 03:58:30 docker-21 dockerd[20446]: time="2024-08-15T03:58:30.660769686Z" level=info msg="Starting up"
Aug 15 03:58:30 docker-21 dockerd[20446]: time="2024-08-15T03:58:30.662849129Z" level=info msg="detected 127.0.0.53 nameserver, assuming systemd-resolved, so using resolv.conf: /run/sys>
Aug 15 03:58:30 docker-21 dockerd[20446]: time="2024-08-15T03:58:30.732675253Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Aug 15 03:58:31 docker-21 dockerd[20446]: time="2024-08-15T03:58:31.152087774Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Aug 15 03:58:31 docker-21 dockerd[20446]: time="2024-08-15T03:58:31.169099184Z" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=f9522e5 containerd-snapshotter=false storage-driver=overlay2 versio>
Aug 15 03:58:31 docker-21 dockerd[20446]: time="2024-08-15T03:58:31.169231597Z" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Aug 15 03:58:31 docker-21 dockerd[20446]: time="2024-08-15T03:58:31.195845843Z" level=info msg="API listen on /run/docker.sock"
Aug 15 03:58:31 docker-21 systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
# 設定將docker為開啟自啟動
root@docker-21:~# systemctl enable docker
Synchronizing state of docker.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable docker
1.6 檢視docker的版本
[root@docker-21 ~]$ docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 27.1.2
API version: 1.46
Go version: go1.21.13
Git commit: d01f264
Built: Mon Aug 12 11:50:12 2024
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Context: default
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 27.1.2
API version: 1.46 (minimum version 1.24)
Go version: go1.21.13
Git commit: f9522e5
Built: Mon Aug 12 11:50:12 2024
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.7.20
GitCommit: 8fc6bcff51318944179630522a095cc9dbf9f353
runc:
Version: 1.1.13
GitCommit: v1.1.13-0-g58aa920
docker-init:
Version: 0.19.0
GitCommit: de40ad0
[root@docker-21 ~]$
2. 新增docker加速地址
1.由於受docker受國內影響，國內很多加速地址都下架了，目前還能使用的加速地址包括：
2.支援系統：Ubuntu 16.04+、Debian 8+、CentOS 7+：
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://hub.uuuadc.top",
"https://docker.anyhub.us.kg",
"https://dockerhub.jobcher.com",
"https://dockerhub.icu",
"https://docker.ckyl.me",
"https://docker.awsl9527.cn"
]
}
EOF
# 重新載入生效
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
3. 下載docker映象
下載一個centos映象做測試
[root@docker-21 ~]$ docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
# 檢視拉取的映象
[root@docker-21 ~]$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB
# 基於剛剛下載的docker映象啟動一個容器
[root@docker-21 ~]$ docker run -d -it centos
7664cc7d2ba1f94547b4bc4afbfea92ec31b95094969cfc43bc9c8c034a32db2
[root@docker-21 ~]$
[root@docker-21 ~]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7664cc7d2ba1 centos "/bin/bash" 3 seconds ago Up 3 seconds tender_poincare
# 進入容器
[root@docker-21 ~]$ docker exec -it 7664cc7d2ba1 /bin/bash
[root@7664cc7d2ba1 /]# ls -l
total 48
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 Aug 15 04:40 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Aug 15 04:40 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 3 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 295 root root 0 Aug 15 04:40 proc
dr-xr-x--- 1 root root 4096 Aug 15 04:46 root
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 run
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 3 2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Aug 15 04:40 sys
drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 usr
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4096 Sep 15 2021 var
[root@7664cc7d2ba1 /]exit #退出
# 檢視已經建立的容器所在的預設路徑
[root@docker-21 ~]$ ll /var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.runtime.v2.task/moby/
total 12
drwx--x--x 3 root root 4096 Aug 15 04:40 ./
drwx--x--x 3 root root 4096 Aug 15 04:40 ../
drwx--x--x 2 root root 4096 Aug 15 04:40 7664cc7d2ba1f94547b4bc4afbfea92ec31b95094969cfc43bc9c8c034a32db2/
至此完成安裝docker。