RabbitMQ 安裝部署與配置總結

授客發表於2024-08-19
MQ

實踐環境

CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.iso

rabbitmq-server-3.9.16-1.el7.noarch.rpm

https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/releases/tag/v3.9.16

https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/releases/download/v3.9.16/rabbitmq-server-3.9.16-1.el7.noarch.rpm

備註：rabbitmq-server最後一個支援CentOS7的版本

erlang-23.3.4.11-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

https://github.com/rabbitmq/erlang-rpm/releases

https://github.com/rabbitmq/erlang-rpm/releases/download/v23.3.4.11/erlang-23.3.4.11-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

備註：Erlang最後一個支援Centos7的版本

實踐操作

下載RabbitMQ及Erlang軟體包

RabbitMQ是採用 Erlang語言開發的，所以系統環境必須提供 Erlang環境，需要是安裝 Erlang。Erlang版本要和需要安裝的RabbitMQ版本匹配，可透過網址https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/which-erlang 不同Erlang支援的RabbitMQ版本。

安裝軟體包

# rpm -ivh erlang-23.3.4.11-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh rabbitmq-server-3.9.16-1.el7.noarch.rpm

說明：參照官方文件，https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/install-rpm#package-dependencies 還需要安裝依賴包：socat，logrotate，但是筆者實踐時未安裝這兩個依賴包。

執行RabbitMQ

RabbitMQ伺服器包安裝完成後，預設情況下伺服器不會作為守護程序啟動。執行以下命令，設定當系統啟動時，預設以管理員身份，以守護程序的方式啟動RabbitMQ

# systemctl enable rabbitmq-server
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rabbitmq-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rabbitmq-server.service.

停、啟伺服器

# 啟動服務
# systemctl start rabbitmq-server

# 檢視服務狀態
# systemctl status  rabbitmq-server
● rabbitmq-server.service - RabbitMQ broker
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rabbitmq-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2024-07-13 04:02:54 EDT; 12s ago
 Main PID: 1237 (beam.smp)
   CGroup: /system.slice/rabbitmq-server.service
           ├─1237 /usr/lib64/erlang/erts-11.2.2.10/bin/beam.smp -W w -MBas ageffcbf -MHas ageffcbf -MBlmbcs 512 -MHlmbcs 512 -MMmcs 30 -P 1048576 -t 5000000 -stbt db -zdbbl 128000 -sbwt none -sbwtdcpu none -sbwtdio none -...
           ├─1252 erl_child_setup 32768
           ├─1275 /usr/lib64/erlang/erts-11.2.2.10/bin/epmd -daemon
           ├─1296 inet_gethost 4
           └─1297 inet_gethost 4

Jul 13 04:02:49 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[1237]: Doc guides:  https://rabbitmq.com/documentation.html
Jul 13 04:02:49 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[1237]: Support:     https://rabbitmq.com/contact.html
Jul 13 04:02:49 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[1237]: Tutorials:   https://rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html
Jul 13 04:02:49 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[1237]: Monitoring:  https://rabbitmq.com/monitoring.html
Jul 13 04:02:49 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[1237]: Logs: /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost.log
Jul 13 04:02:49 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[1237]: /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost_upgrade.log
Jul 13 04:02:49 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[1237]: <stdout>
Jul 13 04:02:49 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[1237]: Config file(s): (none)
Jul 13 04:02:54 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[1237]: Starting broker... completed with 0 plugins.
Jul 13 04:02:54 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started RabbitMQ broker.

# 停止服務
# systemctl stop rabbitmq-server

參考連結：https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/install-rpm#running-rpm

啟用管理外掛

# rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
Enabling plugins on node rabbit@localhost:
rabbitmq_management
The following plugins have been configured:
  rabbitmq_management
  rabbitmq_management_agent
  rabbitmq_web_dispatch
Applying plugin configuration to rabbit@localhost...
Plugin configuration unchanged.

備註：開啟外掛後不需要重啟伺服器

開啟後，瀏覽器訪問管理介面(預設地址：http://node-hostname:15672/.)，如下，其中 192.167.206.101為RabbitMQ伺服器地址

參考連線：https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/management#getting-started

配置檔案管理

查詢配置檔案

# rabbitmq-diagnostics status
......
Config files


Log file(s)

 * /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost.log
 * /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost_upgrade.log
 * <stdout>
......

如上，配置檔案位於 Log file(s)上方，這裡筆者實踐時命令輸出中沒看到配置檔案路徑資訊，按官方文件描述，應該Config files下應該會包含配置檔案路徑資訊，類似如下

Config files

 * /etc/rabbitmq/advanced.config
 * /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf

參考連線：

https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/configure#configuration-files

https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/configure#verify-configuration-config-file-location

使用者管理

預設使用者訪問

broker預設建立了一個使用者名稱和密碼都為guest的使用者。預設情況下，該使用者只能在以訪問localhost的方式連線到broker，即不能遠端訪問。嘗試遠端訪問伺服器時會提示User can only log in via localhost。如果希望guest也可以遠端登入，需要修改rabbitmq.conf 配置檔案，檔案末尾新增loopback_users = none

# vi /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf 
loopback_users = none
# systemctl restart rabbitmq-server

參考連線：

https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/install-rpm#default-user-access

https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/access-control#user-management

新增使用者

# rabbitmqctl add_user "testacc"
Adding user "testacc" ...
Password: 
test1234
Done. Don't forget to grant the user permissions to some virtual hosts! See 'rabbitmqctl help set_permissions' to learn more.

獲取當前使用者列表

# rabbitmqctl list_users 
Listing users ...
user	tags
testacc	[]
guest	[administrator]
# rabbitmqctl list_users --formatter=json
[
{"user":"testacc","tags":[]}
,{"user":"guest","tags":["administrator"]}
]

刪除使用者

# rabbitmqctl delete_user 'username'

使用者授權

使用rabbitmqctl set_permissions要向虛擬主機中的使用者授予許可權：

# rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p "custom-vhost" "username" ".*" ".*" ".*"

說明：

第一個 ".*" 表示配置每個實體上的許可權(First ".*" for configure permission on every entity)
第二個 ".*" 表示每個實體的寫許可權(Second ".*" for write permission on every entity)
第二個 ".*" 表示每個實體的讀許可權(Third ".*" for read permission on every entity)

# rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p "/" "testacc" ".*" ".*" ".*"
Setting permissions for user "testacc" in vhost "/" ...

移除授權

使用rabbitmqctl clear_permissions移除授予給虛擬主機中的使用者許可權：

# Revokes permissions in a virtual host
rabbitmqctl.bat clear_permissions -p 'custom-vhost' 'username'

參考連線：https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/access-control#user-management

https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/access-control#override-default-user-credentials

設定使用者標籤

# rabbitmqctl set_user_tags testacc administrator
Setting tags for user "testacc" to [administrator] ...

說明：如果不設定標籤，以 testacc 使用者登入管理介面時，會提示Not management user

參考連線：

https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/man/rabbitmqctl.8#set_user_tags

https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/management#permissions

登入管理介面

開啟mqtt相關外掛

# rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_mqtt
Enabling plugins on node rabbit@localhost:
rabbitmq_mqtt
The following plugins have been configured:
  rabbitmq_management
  rabbitmq_management_agent
  rabbitmq_mqtt
  rabbitmq_web_dispatch
Applying plugin configuration to rabbit@localhost...
The following plugins have been enabled:
  rabbitmq_mqtt

參考連結：

https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/mqtt#enabling-plugin

# rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_web_mqtt
Enabling plugins on node rabbit@localhost:
rabbitmq_web_mqtt
The following plugins have been configured:
  rabbitmq_management
  rabbitmq_management_agent
  rabbitmq_mqtt
  rabbitmq_web_dispatch
  rabbitmq_web_mqtt
Applying plugin configuration to rabbit@localhost...
The following plugins have been enabled:
  rabbitmq_web_mqtt

started 1 plugins.

參考連結：https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/web-mqtt#enabling

# rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_web_mqtt_examples
Enabling plugins on node rabbit@localhost:
rabbitmq_web_mqtt_examples
The following plugins have been configured:
  rabbitmq_management
  rabbitmq_management_agent
  rabbitmq_mqtt
  rabbitmq_web_dispatch
  rabbitmq_web_mqtt
  rabbitmq_web_mqtt_examples
Applying plugin configuration to rabbit@localhost...
The following plugins have been enabled:
  rabbitmq_web_mqtt_examples

參考連結：https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/web-mqtt#examples

安裝後示例外掛後，訪問 http://主機IP地址:15670，出現類似如下頁面

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