SpringSecurity簡單入門

我也有夢想呀發表於2022-05-31
SpringGse

1.簡介

Spring Security是一個能夠為基於Spring的企業應用系統提供宣告式的安全訪問控制解決方案的安全框架。它提供了一組可以在Spring應用上下文中配置的Bean，充分利用了Spring IoC，DI（控制反轉Inversion of Control ,DI:Dependency Injection 依賴注入）和AOP（面向切面程式設計）功能，為應用系統提供宣告式的安全訪問控制功能，減少了為企業系統安全控制編寫大量重複程式碼的工作。

2.入門案例(基於SpringBoot)

①建立一個SpringBoot專案,我習慣先建立maven然後匯入相關jar包

image

②匯入相關依賴

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.4</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.qbb.springsecurity</groupId>
    <artifactId>security01</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>security01</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

③修改SpringBoot核心配置檔案application.yml

server:
  port: 9001

④編寫主啟動類

package com.qbb.springsecurity.security01;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Security01Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Security01Application.class, args);
    }
}

⑤編寫controller層

package com.qbb.springsecurity.security01.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @author QiuQiu&LL (部落格:https://www.cnblogs.com/qbbit)
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2022-02-26  11:39
 * @Description:
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        return "hello security!!!";
    }
}

測試

image
預設的username:admin,密碼是IDEA控制檯輸出的password:Using generated security password: af1d28f2-1fde-4a68-a52e-85b7d3055a6d

3.SpringSecurity基本原理

SpringSecurity本質是一個過濾器鏈,因為我用的是SpringBoot開發,所以SpringBoot已經做了很多的自動配置 https://docs.spring.io/spring-security/site/docs/5.3.4.RELEASE/reference/html5/#servlet-hello

4.SpringSecurity Web許可權方案

①基於配置檔案的方式

spring:
  security:
    user:
      password: qiuqiu
      name: qiuqiu

②基於配置類的方式

package com.qbb.springsecurity.security01.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;

/**
 * @author QiuQiu&LL (部落格:https://www.cnblogs.com/qbbit)
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2022-02-28  18:05
 * @Description:
 */
@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        BCryptPasswordEncoder bCryptPasswordEncoder = new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
        String password = bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode("123");
        auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("qiuqiu").password(password).roles("admin");
    }

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder getPasswordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }
}

③自定義實現類

package com.qbb.springsecurity.security01.config;

import com.qbb.springsecurity.security01.service.MyUserDetailService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;

/**
 * @author QiuQiu&LL (部落格:https://www.cnblogs.com/qbbit)
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2022-02-28  18:05
 * @Description:
 */
@Configuration
public class SecurityConfigTest extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Qualifier("myUserDetailService")
    @Autowired
    MyUserDetailService myUserDetailService;

    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.userDetailsService(myUserDetailService).passwordEncoder(getPasswordEncoder());
    }

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder getPasswordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }
}

package com.qbb.springsecurity.security01.service;

import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.AuthorityUtils;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author QiuQiu&LL (部落格:https://www.cnblogs.com/qbbit)
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2022-02-28  18:26
 * @Description:
 */
@Service("myUserDetailService")
public class MyUserDetailService implements UserDetailsService {
    @Override
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
        List<GrantedAuthority> auths = AuthorityUtils.commaSeparatedStringToAuthorityList("role");
        return new User("mary", new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123"), auths);
    }
}

工作中大部分使用第三種使用方式

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