下面測試的部署機ip地址為：192.168.10.205
1）yum安裝OpenLDAP
[root@openldap-server ~]# yum install openldap openldap-* -y
2）配置ldap，包括準備DB_CONFIG和slapd.conf
[root@openldap-server ~]# cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/DB_CONFIG.example /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG [root@openldap-server ~]# cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/slapd.conf.obsolete /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
3）生成ldap管理員密碼
[root@openldap-server ~]# slappasswd -s ldap@123
{SSHA}b6YpCvRFWAWQdJpueuyzk79VXlikj4Z1
4）修改slapd.conf，主要配置dc和rootpw，rootpw配置上面設定的密碼（rootpw必須頂格寫，與後面的密碼用Tab鍵分開!可以把檔案中rootpw前面的#去掉之後進行配置）
[root@openldap-server ~]# cp /etc/openldap/slapd.conf /etc/openldap/slapd.conf.bak
[root@openldap-server ~]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
......
database bdb
suffix "dc=kevin,dc=com"
checkpoint 1024 15
rootdn "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" #管理LDAP中資訊的最高許可權，即管理員許可權
......
rootpw {SSHA}b6YpCvRFWAWQdJpueuyzk79VXlikj4Z1
5）檢測並重新生成ldap資料庫
[root@openldap-server ~]# cd /etc/openldap/ [root@openldap-server openldap]# ls slapd.d/ cn=config cn=config.ldif [root@openldap-server openldap]# rm -rf slapd.d/* [root@openldap-server openldap]# ls slapd.d/ [root@openldap-server openldap]# 官方對於OpenLDAP2.4 ，不推薦使用 slapd.conf 作為配置檔案。從這個版本開始所有配置資料都儲存在 /etc/openldap/slapd.d/中 [root@openldap-server openldap]# rpm -qa|grep openldap openldap-2.4.40-16.el6.x86_64 openldap-servers-sql-2.4.40-16.el6.x86_64 openldap-devel-2.4.40-16.el6.x86_64 openldap-servers-2.4.40-16.el6.x86_64 openldap-clients-2.4.40-16.el6.x86_64 [root@openldap-server openldap]# slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/ 5b02d207 bdb_db_open: database "dc=kevin,dc=com": db_open(/var/lib/ldap/id2entry.bdb) failed: No such file or directory (2). 5b02d207 backend_startup_one (type=bdb, suffix="dc=kevin,dc=com"): bi_db_open failed! (2) slap_startup failed (test would succeed using the -u switch) [root@openldap-server openldap]# slaptest -u config file testing succeeded
6）修改相關ldap檔案許可權
[root@openldap-server openldap]# chown -R ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap/ [root@openldap-server openldap]# chown -R ldap:ldap /etc/openldap/
7）啟動slapd服務
[root@openldap-server openldap]# service slapd start Starting slapd: [ OK ] [root@openldap-server openldap]# service slapd status slapd (pid 12896) is running... [root@openldap-server openldap]# lsof -i:389 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME slapd 12896 ldap 7u IPv4 702934 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN) slapd 12896 ldap 8u IPv6 702935 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
8）yum安裝migrationtools
[root@openldap-server openldap]# yum install migrationtools -y
9）編輯/usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph並修改相關配置
[root@openldap-server openldap]# cp /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph.bak [root@openldap-server openldap]# vim /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph ...... # Default DNS domain $DEFAULT_MAIL_DOMAIN = "kevin.com"; # Default base $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=kevin,dc=com"; [root@openldap-server openldap]# diff /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph.bak 71c71 < $DEFAULT_MAIL_DOMAIN = "kevin.com"; --- > $DEFAULT_MAIL_DOMAIN = "padl.com"; 74c74 < $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=kevin,dc=com"; --- > $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=padl,dc=com";
10）生成base.ldif
[root@openldap-server openldap]# /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_base.pl >base.ldif [root@openldap-server openldap]# cat base.ldif dn: dc=kevin,dc=com dc: kevin objectClass: top objectClass: domain dn: ou=Hosts,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Hosts objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Rpc,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Rpc objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Services,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Services objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: nisMapName=netgroup.byuser,dc=kevin,dc=com nismapname: netgroup.byuser objectClass: top objectClass: nisMap dn: ou=Mounts,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Mounts objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Networks,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Networks objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: People objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Group objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Netgroup,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Netgroup objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Protocols,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Protocols objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Aliases,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Aliases objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: nisMapName=netgroup.byhost,dc=kevin,dc=com nismapname: netgroup.byhost objectClass: top objectClass: nisMap
11）新增base.ldif到ldap（輸入密碼為上面建立的：ldap@123）
[root@openldap-server openldap]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -W -f ./base.ldif Enter LDAP Password: adding new entry "dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Hosts,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Rpc,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Services,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "nisMapName=netgroup.byuser,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Mounts,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Networks,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Netgroup,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Protocols,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Aliases,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "nisMapName=netgroup.byhost,dc=kevin,dc=com"
12）檢查ldapadd是否成功（輸入密碼為上面建立的：ldap@123）（必須檢查確認Manager資料新增了，才能通過phpldapAdmin登入）
[root@openldap-server openldap]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=Aliases,dc=kevin,dc=com" -W Enter LDAP Password: # extended LDIF # # LDAPv3 # base <ou=Aliases,dc=kevin,dc=com> with scope subtree # filter: (objectclass=*) # requesting: ALL # # Aliases, kevin.com dn: ou=Aliases,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Aliases objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit # search result search: 2 result: 0 Success # numResponses: 2 # numEntries: 1
13）yum安裝httpd及PhpLdapAdmin
[root@openldap-server openldap]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.ukfast.co.uk/sites/dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm [root@openldap-server openldap]# yum install httpd phpldapadmin -y
14）配置/etc/httpd/conf.d/phpldapadmin.conf允許從遠端訪問
[root@openldap-server openldap]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpldapadmin.conf #可以先把此檔案cp備份一份 Alias /phpldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs Alias /ldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs <Directory /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs> Order Deny,Allow Allow from all Allow from 127.0.0.1 #或者去掉下面這三行內容，表示執行所有客戶機訪問（本測試案例就去掉了這三行） Allow from ::1 Allow from 192.168.10.206 192.168.10.207 #允許哪些IP地址訪問phpldapadmin </Directory>
15）修改/etc/phpldapadmin/config.php配置用DN登入
[root@openldap-server openldap]# cp /etc/phpldapadmin/config.php /etc/phpldapadmin/config.php.bak
[root@openldap-server openldap]# vim /etc/phpldapadmin/config.php
.......
//$servers->setValue('login','attr','uid'); #註釋掉這一行
$servers->setValue('login','attr','dn'); #新增這一行
[root@openldap-server openldap]# diff /etc/phpldapadmin/config.php /etc/phpldapadmin/config.php.bak
398,399c398,399
< //$servers->setValue('login','attr','uid');
< $servers->setValue('login','attr','dn');
---
> $servers->setValue('login','attr','uid');
>
16）啟動httpd服務
[root@openldap-server openldap]# service httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for openldap-server
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
[ OK ]
[root@openldap-server openldap]# service httpd status
httpd (pid 13010) is running...
[root@openldap-server openldap]# lsof -i:80
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
httpd 13010 root 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 13012 apache 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 13013 apache 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 13014 apache 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 13015 apache 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 13016 apache 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 13017 apache 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 13018 apache 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd 13019 apache 4u IPv6 757231 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
17）開啟Web UI並登入LDAP（登入使用者名稱為"cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com"，密碼為"ldap@123"）
18）匯入新資料
[root@openldap-server openldap]# pwd
/etc/openldap
[root@openldap-server openldap]# vim test.ldif
dn: ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com
changetype: add
objectclass: top
objectclass: organizationalUnit
ou: technology
dn: cn=wang shibo,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com
changetype: add
objectclass: person
objectclass: organizationalPerson
objectclass: inetOrgPerson
cn: wang shibo
sn: wang
ou: technology
description: boy, man
description: man
uid: goodman
[root@openldap-server openldap]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 -f test.ldif
adding new entry "ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com"
adding new entry "cn=wang shibo,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com"
============================================================
如果報錯：
[root@openldap-server openldap]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 -f test.ldif
ldapadd: attributeDescription "dn": (possible missing newline after line 9, entry "ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com"?)
adding new entry "ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com"
ldap_add: Type or value exists (20)
additional info: ou: value #0 provided more than once
產生原因：test.ldif檔案中的不規範的空格所致！！即匯入的資料含有空格所致！
糾錯如下：
dn:（空格）ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com
changetype:（空格）add（結尾無空格）
objectclass:（空格）top（結尾無空格）
objectclass:（空格）organizationalUnit（結尾無空格）
ou:（空格）echnology（結尾無空格）
（1空行，空行必須要定格，不能留空格）（結尾無空格）
........（後面的配置內容糾正方法同樣）
===========================================================
檢視上面所匯入的資料：
[root@openldap-server openldap]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123
# extended LDIF
#
# LDAPv3
# base <ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com> with scope subtree
# filter: (objectclass=*)
# requesting: ALL
#
# technology, kevin.com
dn: ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: technology
# wang shibo, technology, kevin.com
dn: cn=wang shibo,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com
objectClass: person
objectClass: organizationalPerson
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
cn: wang shibo
sn: wang
ou: technology
description: boy, man
description: man
uid: goodman
# search result
search: 2
result: 0 Success
# numResponses: 3
# numEntries: 2
可以登陸phpLDAPadmin的web介面查詢新匯入的資料
再次匯入其他資料
[root@openldap-server openldap]# vim test.ldif dn: cn=chenlu,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com changetype: add objectclass: person objectclass: organizationalPerson objectclass: inetOrgPerson cn: chenlu sn: chenlu ou: technology description: girl uid: UI Designer [root@openldap-server openldap]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 -f test.ldif adding new entry "cn=chenlu,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com" [root@openldap-server openldap]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 # extended LDIF # # LDAPv3 # base <ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com> with scope subtree # filter: (objectclass=*) # requesting: ALL # # technology, kevin.com dn: ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit ou: technology # wang shibo, technology, kevin.com dn: cn=wang shibo,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson cn: wang shibo sn: wang ou: technology description: boy, man description: man uid: goodman # chenlu, technology, kevin.com dn: cn=chenlu,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson cn: chenlu sn: chenlu ou: technology description: girl uid: UI Designer # search result search: 2 result: 0 Success # numResponses: 4 # numEntries: 3
===============OpenLDAP日誌功能開啟=================
1）需要在slapd.conf配置檔案里加上日誌行 ，這裡的日誌級別有很多種，這裡選擇256這個值的級別（主從節點都要開啟openldap日誌功能） [root@openldap-master ~]# cp /etc/openldap/slapd.conf /etc/openldap/slapd.conf.bak3 [root@openldap-master ~]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf #中間的空格用tab鍵分開 ....... loglevel 256 2）修改了配置檔案，所有得重新生成配置檔案的資訊 [root@openldap-master ~]# rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/* [root@openldap-master ~]# slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/ config file testing succeeded [root@openldap-master ~]# slaptest -u config file testing succeeded [root@openldap-master ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap/ [root@openldap-master ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /etc/openldap/ 3）修改/etc/rsyslog.conf檔案，加上下面內容 [root@openldap-master ~]# cp /etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.conf.bak [root@openldap-master ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf ........ local4.* /var/log/slapd/slapd.log 4）建立日誌檔案目錄，授權 [root@openldap-master ~]# mkdir /var/log/slapd [root@openldap-master ~]# chmod 755 /var/log/slapd/ [root@openldap-master ~]# chown ldap.ldap /var/log/slapd/ 5）重啟syslog服務和slapd服務 [root@openldap-master ~]# /etc/init.d/rsyslog restart Shutting down system logger: [ OK ] Starting system logger: [ OK ] [root@openldap-master ~]# /etc/init.d/slapd restart Stopping slapd: [ OK ] Starting slapd: [ OK ] [root@openldap-master ~]# lsof -i:389 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME slapd 13773 ldap 7u IPv4 840484 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN) slapd 13773 ldap 8u IPv6 840485 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN) 6）檢視openldap日誌資訊 [root@openldap-master ~]# tail -f /var/log/slapd/slapd.log
===============OpenLDAP主從模式配置=================
OpenLDAP主從同步的原理：當在主伺服器上更新資料時，該更新通過更新日誌記錄，並將更新複製到從伺服器上
OpenLdap v2.3之前的同步複製缺點
- slurpd守護程式是以推模式操作 : 主伺服器推送變更的資料到從伺服器 （不可靠）
- 對replog中的記錄的次序極為敏感
- 很容易失去同步, 這時需要手工干預來從主目錄重新同步從伺服器資料庫
- 如果一個從伺服器長時間停機,replog可能變得太大以至於slurpd無法處理
- 只工作在推模式（也可以設定為拉模式,但是這種感覺類似於將master上的資料做了一個快捷連線到slave上）
- 需要停止和重新啟動主伺服器來增加從伺服器
- 只支援單一主伺服器複製（1臺主對多從）
OpenLDAP v2.4之後的同步功能
新版最大的功能就是實現了雙向複製，即雙主、多主模式，無論哪一臺master當機，都不會影響使用。
新版主從配置有五種方式：
1）Syncrepl
該方式是slave伺服器以拉的方式同步master的使用者資料，這是基本也是最簡單的openldap主從配置的方式。
該方式缺點：當修改一個條目中的一個屬性值（or大批量的萬級別的某1屬性值），它不是簡單的同步過來這些屬性，而是把修改的條目一起同步更新來。
2）Delta-syncrepl
比上一條多了個功能：基於日誌同步：
在master每更改1條記錄，肯定會產生1條日誌，那麼slave會通過你的master日誌進行相應的修改，這就克服了上一條的缺點。
3）N-Way Multi-Master
多主方式同步LDAP資訊
4）MirrorMode
該方式是伺服器互相推送資訊的方式同步使用者資料；MirrorMode只支援2個主master（2個主master可以+N個slave），但是你如果非得加了3 、4 臺master後，
那麼其餘的都只能從前2臺master上獲取資料，而不能將本身的資料推送過去。如果你有類似需求，也可以使用這個方式。（比如，你企業分散點多，然後不希望
都具有修改功能，可以使用它）
5）Syncrepl Proxy
代理同步。意思是將主master隱藏起來，而代理機上邊通過Syncrepl從master主機以拉的方式同步master使用者資料，當代理主機發生改變時，代理主機的LDAP
又以推的方式將資料更新到下屬的slave LDAP伺服器上。slave LDAP 只有對代理LDAP伺服器的讀許可權。
Syncrepl同步解釋
由於syncrepl為拉取模式（到master拉資料），所以配置檔案配置slave端的slapd.conf檔案即可。初始化操作2種：
1）通過配置檔案，當開啟syncrepl引擎後會到master拉資料；
2）從主伺服器備份資料，複製到slave。當從備份資料初始化的時候，不必擔心資料老，因為syncrepl會自動進行校驗，然後進行相應的修改、同步。
（當複製一個大規模的“條錄”，建議從備份初始化）
需要注意的是：slave是使用讀寫許可權到master中進行同步的！
基於上面的部署，上面的測試機192.168.10.205作為openldap-master主節點，新增一臺伺服器192.168.10.206作為openldap-slave從節點。OpenLDAP主從配置如下：
1）基礎環境
192.168.10.205 openldap-master 192.168.10.206 openldap-slave 繫結hosts（兩個節點機器上都要操作） [root@openldap-master ~]# cat /etc/hosts ...... 192.168.10.205 openldap-master 192.168.10.206 openldap-slave 關閉兩個節點機器的防火牆和selinux（兩個節點機器上都要操作） [root@openldap-master ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop [root@openldap-master ~]# chkconfig iptables off [root@openldap-master ~]# chkconfig --list|grep iptables iptables 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off 同步系統時間（兩個節點機器上都要操作） [root@openldap-master ~]# yum install -y ntpdate [root@openldap-master ~]# ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
2）openldap-slave從節點同樣安裝和配置OpenLDAP和PhpLdapAdmin（和上面安裝即配置步驟一樣，在此省略）。為了測試效果，設定從節點的密碼為123@ldap
[root@openldap-slave ~]# slappasswd -s 123@ldap
{SSHA}X3wlj1uJmB50FM4rNN4869VCeMd92Pcr
3）penldap-master主節點和openldap-slave從節點的PhpLdapAdmin和http配置一樣
4）OpenLDAP的主從配置
-----------------------------------------------------------------
penldap-master主節點的配置如下：
[root@openldap-master ~]# cp /etc/openldap/slapd.conf /etc/openldap/slapd.conf.bak2
[root@openldap-master ~]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf #在檔案底部新增下面同步配置（之前的配置不動）
......
modulepath /usr/lib/openldap #一定要開啟這幾行的註釋
modulepath /usr/lib64/openldap
......
moduleload syncprov.la
......
#replication
index entryCSN,entryUUID eq
overlay syncprov
syncprov-nopresent TRUE
syncprov-reloadhint TRUE
syncprov-checkpoint 100 10
syncprov-sessionlog 100
重新生成主節點的配置檔案
[root@openldap-master ~]# rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
[root@openldap-master ~]# slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
config file testing succeeded
[root@openldap-master ~]# slaptest -u
config file testing succeeded
[root@openldap-master ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap/
[root@openldap-master ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /etc/openldap/
[root@openldap-master ~]# service slapd restart
Stopping slapd: [ OK ]
Starting slapd: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-master ~]# lsof -i:389
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
slapd 13214 ldap 7u IPv4 763380 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
slapd 13214 ldap 8u IPv6 763381 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
----------------------------------------------------------------
penldap-slave從節點的配置如下：
[root@openldap-slave ~]# cp /etc/openldap/slapd.conf /etc/openldap/slapd.conf.bak2
[root@openldap-slave ~]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
......
modulepath /usr/lib/openldap #一定要開啟這幾行的註釋
modulepath /usr/lib64/openldap
......
moduleload syncprov.la
......
database bdb
suffix "dc=kevin,dc=com"
checkpoint 1024 15
rootdn "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com"
.......
rootpw {SSHA}X3wlj1uJmB50FM4rNN4869VCeMd92Pcr
.......
# slave replica statement start
syncrepl rid=123
provider=ldap://192.168.10.205:389
type=refreshOnly
interval=00:00:00:01
searchbase="dc=kevin,dc=com"
scope=sub
attrs="*"
schemachecking=off
bindmethod=simple
binddn="cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com"
credentials=ldap@123
重新生成從節點的配置檔案
[root@openldap-slave ~]# rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
[root@openldap-slave ~]# slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
5b02f6ae syncrepl rid=123 searchbase="dc=kevin,dc=com": no retry defined, using default
config file testing succeeded
[root@openldap-slave ~]# slaptest -u
5b02f6b4 syncrepl rid=123 searchbase="dc=kevin,dc=com": no retry defined, using default
config file testing succeeded
[root@openldap-slave ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap/
[root@openldap-slave ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /etc/openldap/
[root@openldap-slave ~]# service slapd restart
Stopping slapd: [ OK ]
Checking configuration files for slapd: [WARNING]
5b02f6c6 syncrepl rid=123 searchbase="dc=kevin,dc=com": no retry defined, using default
config file testing succeeded
Starting slapd: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-slave ~]# lsof -i:389
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
slapd 14329 ldap 7u IPv4 4803594 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
slapd 14329 ldap 8u IPv6 4803595 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
5）登陸openldap-slave從節點的phpLDAPadmin的web介面（http://192.168.10.206/phpldapadmin），發現已經將上面openldap-master主節點新匯入的資料同步過來了
6）匯入新資料測試主從同步效果
溫馨提示：由於在syncrepl中slave是refreshOnly，相當於從節點是隻讀的，這時不允許在從節點匯入或者刪除使用者，否則會出現錯誤！ 因為只能在master主節點上匯入資料： 前面已經編輯了base.ldif，並匯入了該檔案中定義的資料了（即dc=kevin,dc=com、ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com、ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com等） [root@openldap-master openldap]# pwd /etc/openldap [root@openldap-master openldap]# cat group.ldif dn: cn=user1,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user1 userPassword: kevin123 gidNumber: 10011 dn: cn=user2,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user2 userPassword: kevin123 gidNumber: 10012 dn: cn=user3,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user3 userPassword: kevin123 gidNumber: 10013 [root@openldap-master openldap]# cat people.ldif dn: uid=user1,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com uid: user1 cn: user1 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword: kevin123 shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10011 gidNumber: 10011 homeDirectory: /home/user1 dn: uid=user2,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com uid: user2 cn: user2 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword: kevin123 shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10012 gidNumber: 10012 homeDirectory: /home/user2 dn: uid=user3,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com uid: user3 cn: user3 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword: kevin123 shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10013 gidNumber: 10013 homeDirectory: /home/user3 執行資料匯入 [root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 -f group.ldif adding new entry "cn=user1,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "cn=user2,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "cn=user3,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com" [root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 -f people.ldif adding new entry "uid=user1,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=user2,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=user3,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" openldap-master主節點檢視 [root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 [root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 現在在openldap-slave從節點上檢視（注意這裡的從節點設定的ldap密碼是123@ldap，和主節點的ldap密碼不一樣）： [root@openldap-slave ldap]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w 123@ldap # extended LDIF # # LDAPv3 # base <ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com> with scope subtree # filter: (objectclass=*) # requesting: ALL # # People, kevin.com dn: ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: People objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit # user1, People, kevin.com dn: uid=user1,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com uid: user1 cn: user1 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword:: a2V2aW4xMjM= shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10011 gidNumber: 10011 homeDirectory: /home/user1 # user2, People, kevin.com dn: uid=user2,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com uid: user2 cn: user2 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword:: a2V2aW4xMjM= shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10012 gidNumber: 10012 homeDirectory: /home/user2 # user3, People, kevin.com dn: uid=user3,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com uid: user3 cn: user3 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword:: a2V2aW4xMjM= shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10013 gidNumber: 10013 homeDirectory: /home/user3 # search result search: 2 result: 0 Success # numResponses: 5 # numEntries: 4 [root@openldap-slave ldap]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w 123@ldap # extended LDIF # # LDAPv3 # base <ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com> with scope subtree # filter: (objectclass=*) # requesting: ALL # # Group, kevin.com dn: ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com ou: Group objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit # user1, Group, kevin.com dn: cn=user1,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user1 userPassword:: a2V2aW4xMjM= gidNumber: 10011 # user2, Group, kevin.com dn: cn=user2,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user2 userPassword:: a2V2aW4xMjM= gidNumber: 10012 # user3, Group, kevin.com dn: cn=user3,ou=Group,dc=kevin,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user3 userPassword:: a2V2aW4xMjM= gidNumber: 10013 # search result search: 2 result: 0 Success # numResponses: 5 # numEntries: 4 由上面slave從節點檢視到的資料可知，slave從節點已經將master主節點新匯入的輸入同步過來了！即主從同步已成功了！
登入openldap-slave從節點的phpLDAPadmin，（退出並重新登入master和slave節點的phpLDAPadmin，就能發現上面新匯入的資料了）也可以看到從openldap-master主節點同步過來的資料（可以從slave的openldap日誌/var/log/slapd/slapd.log檔案中檢視資料同步情況）
在openldap-master主節點上刪除資料，比如刪除上面在People組內建立的使用者user1和user3
[root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapdelete -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" "uid=user1,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 [root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapdelete -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" "uid=user3,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 ======================================================================== 如果命令執行後報錯：ldap_bind: Invalid credentials (49) 基本就是由於密碼輸入不對或ldif檔案配置不對造成的 ========================================================================= 檢視下openldap-master主節點的ldap目錄中的以上資料是否刪除 [root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapsearch -x -H ldap://192.168.10.205:389 -b "dc=kevin,dc=com" |grep uid=user1 [root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapsearch -x -H ldap://192.168.10.205:389 -b "dc=kevin,dc=com" |grep uid=user3 [root@openldap-master openldap]# ldapsearch -x -H ldap://192.168.10.205:389 -b "dc=kevin,dc=com" |grep uid=user2 dn: uid=user2,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com 然後在openldap-slave從節點上檢視，發現從節點的ldap目錄中People組內也沒有使用者user1和user3了 [root@openldap-slave ldap]# ldapsearch -x -H ldap://192.168.10.206:389 -b "dc=kevin,dc=com" |grep uid=user1 [root@openldap-slave ldap]# ldapsearch -x -H ldap://192.168.10.206:389 -b "dc=kevin,dc=com" |grep uid=user3 [root@openldap-slave ldap]# ldapsearch -x -H ldap://192.168.10.206:389 -b "dc=kevin,dc=com" |grep uid=user2 dn: uid=user2,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com 說明主從節點完成了同步！ 退出並重新登入openldap-master主節點或openldap-slave從節點的phpLDAPadmin，就能看到刪除的資料已經不再了。
可以在主節點的phpLDAPadmin的web介面裡進行增加、刪除、修改等更新操作；可以將phpLDAPadmin左邊欄用不到的條目刪除（也可以不刪除，以備後續使用）；可以將phpLDAPadmin中已存在的條目匯出Ldif檔案格式，將內容複製出來，然後在master節點上編寫新的ldif檔案（在複製的內容上根據自己的需要修改下即可）。
=========OpenLDAP+Keepalive主主模式（Mirror Mode）高可用環境配置==========
openldap主主模式配置目的
使用openldap本身的配置來完成openldap之間的同步，包括在openldap的主伺服器上新增，修改，刪除使用者時，從伺服器上也和主伺服器上完成相同的操作。在從伺服器上新增，修改，刪除使用者時，主伺服器上也完成一樣的操作。從而保證資料在主從openldap伺服器上的一致。
openldap主主模式原理
其實現原理如下圖，當在主伺服器上更新資料時，該更新通過更新日誌記錄，並將更新複製到從伺服器上。當在從伺服器上更新資料時，該更新請求將重定向給主伺服器，然後主伺服器將更新資料複製到從伺服器。
基於上面兩臺機器192.168.10.205和192.168.10.206安裝的openldap環境，現在想要實現keepalived+openldap主主模式（Mirror Mode）模式，配置記錄如下：
1）192.168.10.205節點的slapd.conf配置
[root@openldap-master ~]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
.......
modulepath /usr/lib/openldap
modulepath /usr/lib64/openldap
......
moduleload syncprov.la
......
database bdb
suffix "dc=kevin,dc=com"
checkpoint 1024 15
rootdn "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com"
......
rootpw {SSHA}b6YpCvRFWAWQdJpueuyzk79VXlikj4Z1
......
loglevel 256
......
index entryCSN,entryUUID eq
#replication
overlay syncprov
syncprov-checkpoint 100 10
syncprov-sessionlog 100
serverID 1
syncrepl rid=002
provider=ldap://192.168.10.206:389
bindmethod=simple
binddn="cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com"
credentials=123@ldap #填寫的是對方機器的openldap的密碼，不是自己的openldap密碼
searchbase="dc=kevin,dc=com"
schemachecking=on
filter="(objectClass=*)"
scope=sub
schemachecking=off
type=refreshAndPersist
retry="60 +"
mirrormode on
重新生成該節點的配置檔案
[root@openldap-master ~]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
[root@openldap-master ~]# rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
[root@openldap-master ~]# slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
config file testing succeeded
[root@openldap-master ~]# slaptest -u
config file testing succeeded
[root@openldap-master ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap/
[root@openldap-master ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /etc/openldap/
[root@openldap-master ~]# service slapd restart
Stopping slapd: [ OK ]
Starting slapd: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-master ~]# lsof -i:389
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
slapd 14047 ldap 7u IPv4 846134 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
slapd 14047 ldap 8u IPv6 846135 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
2）192.168.10.206節點的slapd.conf配置
[root@openldap-slave ~]# vim /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
.......
modulepath /usr/lib/openldap
modulepath /usr/lib64/openldap
......
moduleload syncprov.la
......
database bdb
suffix "dc=kevin,dc=com"
checkpoint 1024 15
rootdn "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com"
......
rootpw {SSHA}X3wlj1uJmB50FM4rNN4869VCeMd92Pcr
......
loglevel 256
......
index entryCSN,entryUUID eq
#replication
overlay syncprov
syncprov-checkpoint 100 10
syncprov-sessionlog 100
serverID 2 #該ID一定不能跟另一個節點的ID相同
syncrepl rid=002 #該rid一定要跟另一個節點的rid配置相同
provider=ldap://192.168.10.205:389
bindmethod=simple
binddn="cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com"
credentials=ldap@123 #填寫的是對方機器的openldap的密碼，不是自己的openldap密碼
searchbase="dc=kevin,dc=com"
schemachecking=on
filter="(objectClass=*)"
scope=sub
schemachecking=off
type=refreshAndPersist
retry="60 +"
mirrormode on
重新生成該節點的配置檔案
[root@openldap-slave ~]# rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/*
[root@openldap-slave ~]# slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d/
config file testing succeeded
[root@openldap-slave ~]# slaptest -u
config file testing succeeded
[root@openldap-slave ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap/
[root@openldap-slave ~]# chown -R ldap:ldap /etc/openldap/
[root@openldap-slave ~]# service slapd restart
Stopping slapd: [ OK ]
Starting slapd: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-slave ~]# lsof -i:389
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
slapd 30022 ldap 7u IPv4 4984193 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
slapd 30022 ldap 8u IPv6 4984194 0t0 TCP *:ldap (LISTEN)
slapd 30022 ldap 11u IPv4 4984206 0t0 TCP openldap-slave:42138->openldap-master:ldap (ESTABLISHED)
3）在192.168.10.205和192.168.10.206節點上各自匯入新資料，然後測試主主同步是否生效
現在192.168.10.205節點上匯入新資料 [root@openldap-master ~]# cat /etc/openldap/people.ldif dn: uid=ops,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com uid: ops cn: ops objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword: kevin123 shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10033 gidNumber: 10033 homeDirectory: /home/ops [root@openldap-master ~]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123 -f /etc/openldap/people.ldif adding new entry "uid=ops,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" 在192.168.10.206節點上檢視自己的ldap目錄裡是否同步過來資料了 [root@openldap-slave ~]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w 123@ldap|grep uid=ops dn: uid=ops,ou=People,dc=kevin,dc=com 說明從192.168.10.205節點到192.168.10.206節點的資料同步是成功的！ 接著在192.168.10.206節點上匯入新資料 [root@openldap-slave ~]# cat /etc/openldap/add.ldif dn: cn=wangqiuzhe,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com cn: wangqiuzhe description: man description: boy objectclass: person objectclass: organizationalPerson objectclass: inetOrgPerson ou: technology sn: wang uid: anan [root@openldap-slave ~]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w 123@ldap -f /etc/openldap/add.ldif adding new entry "cn=wangqiuzhe,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com" 在192.168.10.205節點上檢視自己的ldap目錄裡是否同步過來資料了 [root@openldap-master ~]# ldapsearch -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=kevin,dc=com" -b "ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com" -w ldap@123|grep cn=wangqiuzhe dn: cn=wangqiuzhe,ou=technology,dc=kevin,dc=com 說明從192.168.10.206節點到192.168.10.205節點的資料同步也是成功的！登入各自的phpldapadmin介面裡也可以運算元據已測試同步效果。 到此說明，兩個節點的openldap主主同步已經完成了！
4）在192.168.10.205和192.168.10.206兩個節點上均安裝keepalived，結合keepalived配置實現vip故障轉移，即對外提供一個統一的地址。
keepalived安裝（192.168.10.205和192.168.10.206兩節點都要操作）
[root@openldap-master ~]# yum -y install gcc pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel
[root@openldap-master ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@openldap-master src]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.3.2.tar.gz
[root@openldap-master src]# tar -zvxf keepalived-1.3.2.tar.gz
[root@openldap-master src]# cd keepalived-1.3.2
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# ./configure && make && make install
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# cp /usr/local/src/keepalived-1.3.2/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# mkdir /etc/keepalived
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# echo "/etc/init.d/keepalived start" >> /etc/rc.local
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# chkconfig --add keepalived
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# chkconfig keepalived on
[root@openldap-master keepalived-1.3.2]# chkconfig --list|grep keepalived
keepalived 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
===============配置keepalived.conf（VIP地址為192.168.10.228）=============
接著看下192.168.10.205節點的keepalived配置：
[root@openldap-master ~]# cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak
[root@openldap-master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from root@localhost
smtp_server localhost
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LDAP-205
}
vrrp_script chk_ldap_port {
script "/opt/chk_ldap.sh"
interval 2
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
mcast_src_ip 192.168.10.205
virtual_router_id 51
priority 101
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.10.208
}
track_script {
chk_ldap_port
}
}
編寫openldap監控指令碼
[root@openldap-master ~]# vim /opt/chk_ldap.sh
#!/bin/bash
counter=$(ps -C slapd --no-heading|wc -l)
if [ "${counter}" = "0" ]; then
/etc/init.d/slapd start
sleep 2
counter=$(ps -C slapd --no-heading|wc -l)
if [ "${counter}" = "0" ]; then
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
fi
[root@openldap-master ~]# chmod 755 /opt/chk_ldap.sh
=====================================================
接著看下192.168.10.206的keepalived.conf配置
[root@openldap-slave ~]# cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak
[root@openldap-slave ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from root@localhost
smtp_server localhost
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LDAP-206
}
vrrp_script chk_ldap_port {
script "/opt/chk_ldap.sh"
interval 2
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
mcast_src_ip 192.168.10.206
virtual_router_id 51
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.10.208
}
track_script {
chk_ldap_port
}
}
編寫openldap監控指令碼
[root@openldap-slave ~]# vim /opt/chk_ldap.sh
#!/bin/bash
counter=$(ps -C slapd --no-heading|wc -l)
if [ "${counter}" = "0" ]; then
/etc/init.d/slapd start
sleep 2
counter=$(ps -C slapd --no-heading|wc -l)
if [ "${counter}" = "0" ]; then
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
fi
[root@openldap-slave ~]# chmod 755 /opt/chk_ldap.sh
==================================================
接著啟動192.168.10.205 和 192.168.10.206兩節點的keepalived服務
[root@openldap-master ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-master ~]# ps -ef|grep keepalived
root 17790 1 0 16:15 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 17791 17790 0 16:15 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 17792 17790 0 16:15 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 17943 13447 0 16:16 pts/0 00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@openldap-master ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:b1:9c:93 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.205/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.10.208/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:feb1:9c93/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@openldap-slave ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-slave ~]# ps -ef|grep keepalived
root 2635 1 0 16:11 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 2636 2635 0 16:11 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 2637 2635 0 16:11 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 2650 24277 0 16:11 pts/0 00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@openldap-slave ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:dd:84:6b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.206/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fedd:846b/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
由上面資訊可以看出，目前的VIP資源在192.168.10.205節點機器上
5）故障切換測試
關閉192.168.10.205和192.168.10.206兩個節點的slapd服務，預設每2秒鐘會進行一次指令碼檢查（/opt/chk_ldap.sh），當
檢查到slapd服務關閉後，會第一時間執行/opt/chk_ldap.sh指令碼去自啟動slapd服務。
[root@openldap-master ~]# /etc/init.d/slapd stop
Stopping slapd: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-master ~]# ps -ef|grep slapd
root 18755 13447 0 16:20 pts/0 00:00:00 grep slapd
[root@openldap-master ~]# ps -ef|grep slapd
ldap 18795 1 0 16:20 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/slapd -h ldap:/// ldapi:/// -u ldap
root 18803 13447 0 16:20 pts/0 00:00:00 grep slapd
當發現slapd服務自啟動失敗時，就會自動kill掉自己的keepalived服務，從而將VIP資源自動切換到另一個節點上。
關閉192.168.10.205節點的keepalived服務，會發現VIP資源自動切換到192.168.10.206節點上
[root@openldap-master ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
Stopping keepalived: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-master ~]# ps -ef|grep keepalived
root 19074 13447 0 16:22 pts/0 00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@openldap-master ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:b1:9c:93 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.205/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:feb1:9c93/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@openldap-slave ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:dd:84:6b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.206/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.10.208/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fedd:846b/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
當192.168.10.205節點的keepalived服務恢復後，VIP資源就會再次切換回來
[root@openldap-master ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [ OK ]
[root@openldap-master ~]# ps -ef|grep keepalived
root 19084 1 0 16:22 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 19085 19084 0 16:22 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 19087 19084 0 16:22 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 19099 13447 0 16:23 pts/0 00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@openldap-master ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:b1:9c:93 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.205/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.10.208/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:feb1:9c93/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
這樣，192.168.10.205和192.168.10.206兩個節點就能對外提供統一的地址：192.168.10.208。
不管是在哪個節點上更新的資料，在客戶端連線192.168.10.208的vip地址都能訪問到。
注意：
如果192.168.10.205和192.168.10.206兩個節點的openldap登入密碼不一致，那麼：
當VIP在192.168.10.205節點上時，使用192.168.10.208地址訪問phpldapadmin，密碼就是192.168.10.205節點的openldap密碼
當VIP在192.168.10.206節點上時，使用192.168.10.208地址訪問phpldapadmin，密碼就是192.168.10.206節點的openldap密碼
可以在兩個節點上匯入新資料，然後在客戶端通過192.168.10.208訪問ldap，測試下是否能讀到新資料。