[TOC]
# 您需要知道的
- 資料庫版本：Release 19.0.0.0.0
- 作業系統版本：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.8 (Maipo)
- 資料庫歸檔模式下做的 RMAN 備份（資料檔案/自動備份控制檔案及引數檔案）
- RMAN 備份檔案所在路徑儘量和源庫保持一致，否則涉及 Catalog 編目
- 目標環境已安裝資料庫軟體

# 1 RMAN 啟動例項
> 無引數檔案情況下，RMAN 可利用自身臨時啟動獨立的例項環境

```sql
[oracle@henry02:/home/oracle]$rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Oct 25 10:24:47 2021
Version 19.3.0.0.0

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount;

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initSIASM19C.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area    1073737800 bytes

Fixed Size                     8904776 bytes
Variable Size                276824064 bytes
Database Buffers             780140544 bytes
Redo Buffers                   7868416 bytes
```

# 2 RMAN 還原動態引數檔案（SPFILE）

```sql
RMAN> restore spfile from '/soft/backup/c-567210980-20211024-22.ctl';

Starting restore at 2021-10-25 10:29:53
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=162 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /soft/backup/c-567210980-20211024-22.ctl
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 2021-10-25 10:29:55
```

# 3 建立引數檔案中涉及的目錄

- 透過 SPFILE 建立 PFILE

```sql
[oracle@henry02:/u01/app/oracle]$sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Oct 25 10:42:52 2021
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.

SQL> exit
Disconnected
```

- 檢視 PFILE 檔案建立相關路徑

```sql
# 建立 audit_file_dest 相關目錄
[oracle@henry02:/home/oracle]$mkdir /u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb19c/adump

# 建立 control_files 相關目錄
[oracle@henry02:/home/oracle]$mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/

# 建立 db_recovery_file_dest 相關目錄
[oracle@henry02:/home/oracle]$mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
```

# 4 RMAN 重啟例項載入 SPFILE

- 載入 SPFILE 到 nomount 狀態

```sql
RMAN> startup nomount force;

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area    2516582192 bytes

Fixed Size                     9137968 bytes
Variable Size                536870912 bytes
Database Buffers            1962934272 bytes
Redo Buffers                   7639040 bytes
```

# 5 RMAN 還原控制檔案

```sql
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/soft/backup/c-567210980-20211024-22.ctl';

Starting restore at 2021-10-25 10:46:26
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=4 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 2021-10-25 10:46:27
```

# 6 RMAN 載入控制檔案

- 載入 CONTROLFILE 到 mount 狀態

```sql
RMAN> startup mount force;

Oracle instance started
database mounted

Total System Global Area    2516582192 bytes

Fixed Size                     9137968 bytes
Variable Size                536870912 bytes
Database Buffers            1962934272 bytes
Redo Buffers                   7639040 bytes

RMAN> select status from v$instance;

STATUS      
------------
MOUNTED     
```

# 7 RMAN 檢視備份資訊

- 備份的控制檔案中有記錄，且備份檔案路徑和源庫保持一致

```sql
RMAN> list backup;

List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
144     Full    297.25M    DISK        00:00:01     2021-10-24 13:16:01
        BP Key: 145   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20211024T131559
        Piece Name: /soft/backup/149_CDB19C_4l0ce3cg_1_1.full.bak
  List of Datafiles in backup set 144
  Container ID: 3, PDB Name: ERP
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
  9       Full 4122830    2021-10-24 12:30:51              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/system01.dbf
  11      Full 4122830    2021-10-24 12:30:51              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/undotbs01.dbf
  12      Full 4122830    2021-10-24 12:30:51              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/users01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
145     Full    272.12M    DISK        00:00:02     2021-10-24 13:16:05
        BP Key: 146   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20211024T131559
        Piece Name: /soft/backup/150_CDB19C_4m0ce3cj_1_1.full.bak
  List of Datafiles in backup set 145
  Container ID: 3, PDB Name: ERP
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
  10      Full 4122830    2021-10-24 12:30:51              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/sysaux01.dbf
  16      Full 4122830    2021-10-24 12:30:51              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/fb01.dbf
  17      Full 4122830    2021-10-24 12:30:51              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/data_arc01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
146     Full    1.24G      DISK        00:00:07     2021-10-24 13:16:07
        BP Key: 147   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20211024T131559
        Piece Name: /soft/backup/148_CDB19C_4k0ce3cg_1_1.full.bak
  List of Datafiles in backup set 146
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
  1       Full 4131663    2021-10-24 13:16:00              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/system01.dbf
  3       Full 4131663    2021-10-24 13:16:00              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/sysaux01.dbf
  4       Full 4131663    2021-10-24 13:16:00              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/undotbs01.dbf
  15      Full 4131663    2021-10-24 13:16:00              NO    /soft/hehe/hehe01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
147     Full    303.04M    DISK        00:00:02     2021-10-24 13:16:08
        BP Key: 148   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20211024T131559
        Piece Name: /soft/backup/151_CDB19C_4n0ce3cm_1_1.full.bak
  List of Datafiles in backup set 147
  Container ID: 2, PDB Name: PDB$SEED
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
  5       Full 2160963    2021-10-15 18:32:27              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/pdbseed/system01.dbf
  8       Full 2160963    2021-10-15 18:32:27              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
148     Full    5.71M      DISK        00:00:00     2021-10-24 13:16:10
        BP Key: 149   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20211024T131559
        Piece Name: /soft/backup/153_CDB19C_4p0ce3cq_1_1.full.bak
  List of Datafiles in backup set 148
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
  7       Full 4131683    2021-10-24 13:16:10              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/users01.dbf
  13      Full 4131683    2021-10-24 13:16:10              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/test01.dbf
  14      Full 4131683    2021-10-24 13:16:10              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/tb_19c01.dbf
  18      Full 4131683    2021-10-24 13:16:10              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/tbs_abc01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
149     Full    253.15M    DISK        00:00:01     2021-10-24 13:16:10
        BP Key: 150   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20211024T131559
        Piece Name: /soft/backup/152_CDB19C_4o0ce3cp_1_1.full.bak
  List of Datafiles in backup set 149
  Container ID: 2, PDB Name: PDB$SEED
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ----
  6       Full 2160963    2021-10-15 18:32:27              NO    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
```

> 還原資料檔案會根據控制檔案中記錄的路徑尋找，如果路徑不一致，透過 catalog 重新編目，具體參考[這裡](https://www.cnblogs.com/askscuti/p/10905449.html)

# 8 RMAN 還原資料庫

```sql
RMAN> restore database;

Starting restore at 2021-10-25 10:49:37
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 2021-10-25 10:49:37
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=26 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 6 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 2021-10-25 10:49:37

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 2021-10-25 10:49:37
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Crosschecked 1 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 2021-10-25 10:49:37

searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00009 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00011 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00012 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /soft/backup/149_CDB19C_4l0ce3cg_1_1.full.bak
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/soft/backup/149_CDB19C_4l0ce3cg_1_1.full.bak tag=TAG20211024T131559
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00010 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00016 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/fb01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00017 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/erp/data_arc01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /soft/backup/150_CDB19C_4m0ce3cj_1_1.full.bak
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/soft/backup/150_CDB19C_4m0ce3cj_1_1.full.bak tag=TAG20211024T131559
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00015 to /soft/hehe/hehe01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /soft/backup/148_CDB19C_4k0ce3cg_1_1.full.bak
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/soft/backup/148_CDB19C_4k0ce3cg_1_1.full.bak tag=TAG20211024T131559
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/pdbseed/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00008 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /soft/backup/151_CDB19C_4n0ce3cm_1_1.full.bak
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/soft/backup/151_CDB19C_4n0ce3cm_1_1.full.bak tag=TAG20211024T131559
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00013 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/test01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00014 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/tb_19c01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00018 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/tbs_abc01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /soft/backup/153_CDB19C_4p0ce3cq_1_1.full.bak
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/soft/backup/153_CDB19C_4p0ce3cq_1_1.full.bak tag=TAG20211024T131559
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /soft/backup/152_CDB19C_4o0ce3cp_1_1.full.bak
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/soft/backup/152_CDB19C_4o0ce3cp_1_1.full.bak tag=TAG20211024T131559
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 2021-10-25 10:49:54
```

# 9 RMAN 恢復資料庫

- 因為沒有線上日誌和歸檔日誌，恢復使用 noredo

```sql
RMAN> recover database noredo;

Starting recover at 2021-10-25 10:50:23
using channel ORA_DISK_1

Finished recover at 2021-10-25 10:50:23
```

# 10 建立密碼檔案

```sql
[oracle@henry02:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/dbs]$orapwd file=orapwsiasm19c password=oracle format=12 entries=10 force=y
```

#  11 登入資料庫並以 resetlogs 啟庫

```sql
[oracle@henry02:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/dbs]$sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Oct 25 10:55:16 2021
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
MOUNTED

# 修改隱含引數值，進行非常規強制啟庫

SQL> alter system set "_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=true scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> startup mount force;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2516582192 bytes
Fixed Size		    9137968 bytes
Variable Size		  536870912 bytes
Database Buffers	 1962934272 bytes
Redo Buffers		    7639040 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

SQL> select * from abc;

ID
----------
	 1
	 2
	 3
	 4
	 5
	 6
	 7

7 rows selected.
```
[End]

G017-ORACLE-MIGRATION-01 RMAN備份異機不完全恢復

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