Spring的@PropertySource註解使用

懵懂小虎發表於2021-08-18

@PropertySource註解是Spring用於載入配置檔案,預設支援.properties.xml兩種配置檔案。@PropertySource屬性如下:

  • name:預設為空,不指定Spring自動生成
  • value:配置檔案
  • ignoreResourceNotFound:沒有找到配置檔案是否忽略,預設false,4.0版本加入
  • encoding:配置檔案編碼格式,預設UTF-8 4.3版本才加入
  • factory:配置檔案解析工廠,預設:PropertySourceFactory.class 4.3版本才加入,如果是之前的版本就需要手動注入配置檔案解析Bean

接下來就使用@PropertySource來載入.properties.xml配置檔案。這裡模擬連線MySQL資料庫。
首先新增依賴:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>8.0.26</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <version>1.18.20</version>
</dependency>

準備屬性配置檔案jdbc.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306
jdbc.userName=root
jdbc.password=xiaohu

建立屬性實體類來載入配置檔案JdbcProperties

@Data
@Repository
@PropertySource(value = "classpath:jdbc.properties")
public class JdbcProperties {
    @Value("${jdbc.driver}")
    private String driver;
    @Value("${jdbc.url}")
    private String url;
    @Value("${jdbc.userName}")
    private String userName;
    @Value("${jdbc.password}")
    private String password;
}

建立JDBC配置類JdbcConfig

@Component
public class JdbcConfig {
    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource(JdbcProperties jdbcProperties){
        System.out.println("列印獲取到的配置資訊:"+jdbcProperties);
        DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(jdbcProperties.getDriver());
        dataSource.setUrl(jdbcProperties.getUrl());
        dataSource.setUsername(jdbcProperties.getUserName());
        dataSource.setPassword(jdbcProperties.getPassword());
        return dataSource;
    }
}

建立Spring配置類SpringConfiguration

@Configuration
public class SpringConfiguration {

}

建立測試類測試讀取配置檔案

public class PropertySourceTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext("config");
        DataSource dataSource = context.getBean("dataSource",DataSource.class);
        System.out.println(dataSource);
    }
}

檢視輸出結果:

列印獲取到的配置資訊:JdbcProperties(driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver, url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306, userName=root, password=xiaohu)
org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource@58695725

從結果可以看出,我們的properties中的配置已經成功讀取到,並且DataSource也從Spring容器中獲取到。上面介紹註解的屬性時,factory是4.3版本才加入的,那麼如果4.3版本之前要解析配置檔案又應該怎麼處理呢?,這個時候就需要手動將解析配置檔案的Bean注入到Spring容器中了,用法很簡單,在SpringConfiguration類中新增如下程式碼即可:

@Bean
public PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer propertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer(){
    return new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer();
}

具體測試結果,就自行測試了。上面例子介紹了properties的使用,下面我們將配置檔案換成xml檔案。配置如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd">
<properties>
    <entry key="jdbc.driver">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</entry>
    <entry key="jdbc.url">jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test</entry>
    <entry key="jdbc.userName">root</entry>
    <entry key="jdbc.password">xiaohu</entry>
</properties>

然後將JdbcProperties類上的註解的配置檔案換成xml檔案。

@PropertySource(value = "classpath:jdbc.properties")

其他不用調整,執行測試類,輸出的結果一樣。因為上面介紹到@PropertySource預設支援propertiesxml的配置檔案。我們可以檢視PropertySourceFactory的預設實現DefaultPropertySourceFactory原始碼

public class DefaultPropertySourceFactory implements PropertySourceFactory {

	@Override
	public PropertySource<?> createPropertySource(@Nullable String name, EncodedResource resource) throws IOException {
		return (name != null ? new ResourcePropertySource(name, resource) : new ResourcePropertySource(resource));
	}
}

然後進入ResourcePropertySource類,原始碼這裡使用了一個三元運算子,如果name為空,就使用預設Spring預設生成的name

public ResourcePropertySource(String name, EncodedResource resource) throws IOException {
		super(name, PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource));
		this.resourceName = getNameForResource(resource.getResource());
	}
	
public ResourcePropertySource(EncodedResource resource) throws IOException {
		super(getNameForResource(resource.getResource()), PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource));
		this.resourceName = null;
	}

這裡可以看到呼叫了PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties方法,進入到原始碼

public static Properties loadProperties(EncodedResource resource) throws IOException {
	Properties props = new Properties();
	fillProperties(props, resource);
	return props;
}

會呼叫fillProperties的方法,一直跟到呼叫最低的fillProperties方法。

static void fillProperties(Properties props, EncodedResource resource, PropertiesPersister persister)
			throws IOException {
	InputStream stream = null;
	Reader reader = null;
	try {
		String filename = resource.getResource().getFilename();
		if (filename != null && filename.endsWith(XML_FILE_EXTENSION)) {
			stream = resource.getInputStream();
			persister.loadFromXml(props, stream);
		}
		else if (resource.requiresReader()) {
			reader = resource.getReader();
			persister.load(props, reader);
		}
		else {
			stream = resource.getInputStream();
			persister.load(props, stream);
		}
	}
	finally {
		if (stream != null) {
			stream.close();
		}
		if (reader != null) {
			reader.close();
		}
	}
}

第一個if判斷檔案字尾是否是xml結尾,常量XML_FILE_EXTENSION如下:

private static final String XML_FILE_EXTENSION = ".xml";

除了支援propertiesxml的配置檔案方式,也支援yml配置檔案的方式,不過需要自定義解析工廠,下面來實現怎麼解析yml配置檔案。引入可以解析yml檔案的第三方庫

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.yaml</groupId>
    <artifactId>snakeyaml</artifactId>
    <version>1.28</version>
</dependency>

建立yml解析工廠YamlPropertySourceFactory實現PropertySourceFactory

public class YamlPropertySourceFactory implements PropertySourceFactory {
    @Override
    public PropertySource<?> createPropertySource(String name, EncodedResource resource) throws IOException {
        YamlPropertiesFactoryBean factoryBean = new YamlPropertiesFactoryBean();
        factoryBean.setResources(resource.getResource());
        Properties properties = factoryBean.getObject();
        return name != null ? new PropertiesPropertySource(name, properties) : new PropertiesPropertySource(resource.getResource().getFilename(), properties);
    }
}

然後將JdbcProperties類的@PropertySource換成如下寫法:

@PropertySource(value = "classpath:jdbc.yml",factory = YamlPropertySourceFactory.class)

執行測試類,輸出結果與上面結果一樣

列印獲取到的配置資訊:JdbcProperties(driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver, url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306, userName=root, password=xiaohu)
org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource@58695725

證明我們自定義的解析yml配置檔案就成功了。

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