Appium+Python實現iOS自動化測試~環境搭建

Toga21發表於2018-03-08

APPPythoniOS

Appium是一款開源的跨平臺測試自動化工具，適用於本地，混合和行動網路和桌面應用程式。支援模擬器（iOS、Android）和真實裝置（iOS，Android，Windows，Mac）。

推薦大家先閱讀以下幾篇文章

iOS自動化測試詳細介紹
 基於KIF的iOS UI 自動化測試和持續整合

準備工具

Xcode
PyCharm
Command Line Tool
HomeBrew 、Node 、npm ...

1.安裝Homebrew

Homebrew 是MACOSX的軟體管理工具,粗俗點說就是ma界的qq軟體助手之類的東西。所以通過brew,安裝什麼chrome瀏覽器啊、atom編輯器之類的視覺化工具也是可以的。

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"複製程式碼

2.安裝Node

1.使用Homebrew下載:
```
brew install node複製程式碼
```
2.或者從官方地址下載.pkg檔案安裝

3.安裝npm

npm 是node.js界的程式/模組管理工具,也就是說npm只管理那些服務於JavaScript社群的程式。而且跨平臺,只要有node環境,windows和osx,以及其他unix like作業系統都可以使用。如不需要命令列啟動Appium可跳過此步驟。

切換淘寶映象安裝cnpm(由於某種原因,直接用npm下載安裝會有好多網路問題，安裝淘寶的cnpm要比npm好用):
```
npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org複製程式碼
```

4.安裝carthage

類似cocoapods管理第三方程式碼，自動將工程編譯為動態庫，僅支援iOS8以上。

brew install carthage複製程式碼

5.安裝其他工具

libimobiledevice 使用指南

brew install libimobiledevice --HEAD複製程式碼

ideviceinstaller 負責給iOS裝置安裝解除安裝應用或者備份應用。該工具是基於libmobiledevice的,因此首先要完成libmobiledevice的編譯安裝
```
brew install ideviceinstaller複製程式碼
```
ideviceinstaller不支援iOS10。所以我們還需要安裝ios-deploy,ios-deploy是一個使用命令列安裝iosapp到連線的裝置的工具,原理是根據osx命令列工程呼叫系統底層函式,獲取連線的裝置、查詢/安裝/解除安裝app。
```
cnpm install -g ios-deploy複製程式碼
```
xcpretty 用於對xcodebuild的輸出進行格式化,可以不安裝
```
sudo gem install xcpretty複製程式碼
```
App Inspector 是執行在瀏覽器端的移動裝置 UI 檢視器，使用樹狀態結構檢視 UI 佈局，並且能自動生成 XPath，方便指令碼的編寫和生成。檢視AppInspector用法
```
cnpm install app-inspector -g複製程式碼
```

6.下載Appium-Python-Client

先安裝 pip
```
sudo easy_install pip複製程式碼
```

再安裝 Appium-Python-Client

sudo pip install Appium-Python-Client複製程式碼

7.下載appium和appium-doctor

這裡有兩種安裝appium的方式,一種是利用cnpm下載安裝:

cnpm install -g appium複製程式碼

cnpm install -g appium-doctor複製程式碼

推薦! 還可以選擇下載Appium-desktop安裝包,開啟Appium-desktop的dmg包，複製Appium.app到Applications資料夾中，即完成安裝。

8.配置appium-xcuitest-driver

appium-xcuitest-driver其中引用Facebook提供的WDA方案來驅動iOS的測試

// !如果WebDriverAgent 所在路徑和此不同，請自行查詢
cd  /usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent

// 如果是安裝appium-desktop的話,路徑為
cd /Applications/Appium.app/Contents/Resources/app/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent
複製程式碼

mkdir -p Resources/WebDriverAgent.bundle複製程式碼

sh ./Scripts/bootstrap.sh複製程式碼

該指令碼會使用Carthage下載所有的依賴，使用npm打包響應的js檔案。

常見報錯:Cannot find module ‘eslint-config-appium 加上引數-d即可:

sh ./Scripts/bootstrap.sh -d複製程式碼

執行成功截圖如下:

重點來了!!!

如果怎麼樣都無法成功,請從github上拉取一份最新的wda程式碼!

git clone https://github.com/facebook/WebDriverAgent.git
cd 到WebDriverAgent
sh ./Scripts/bootstrap.sh複製程式碼

執行成功後,把這一份程式碼替換到/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent下就OK了。一定要先執行成功,再替換!

參考連結:
Appium 1.6.5 and ios 10.3.3 真機測試
 WebDriverAgent 天坑記
 iOS 真機如何安裝 WebDriverAgent

9.執行appium-doctor,檢視結果

appium-doctor

info AppiumDoctor Appium Doctor v.1.4.3
info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic starting ###
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ The Node.js binary was found at: /usr/local/bin/node
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Node version is 8.9.4
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Xcode is installed at: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Xcode Command Line Tools are installed.
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ DevToolsSecurity is enabled.
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ The Authorization DB is set up properly.
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Carthage was found at: /usr/local/bin/carthage
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ HOME is set to: /Users/limaolin
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ ANDROID_HOME is NOT set!
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ JAVA_HOME is NOT set!
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ adb could not be found because ANDROID_HOME is NOT set!
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ android could not be found because ANDROID_HOME is NOT set!
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ emulator could not be found because ANDROID_HOME is NOT set!
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ Bin directory for $JAVA_HOME is not set
info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic completed, 6 fixes needed. ###
info AppiumDoctor 
info AppiumDoctor ### Manual Fixes Needed ###
info AppiumDoctor The configuration cannot be automatically fixed, please do the following first:
WARN AppiumDoctor - Manually configure ANDROID_HOME.
WARN AppiumDoctor - Manually configure JAVA_HOME.
WARN AppiumDoctor - Manually configure ANDROID_HOME and run appium-doctor again.
WARN AppiumDoctor - Add '$JAVA_HOME/bin' to your PATH environment
info AppiumDoctor ###
info AppiumDoctor 
info AppiumDoctor Bye! Run appium-doctor again when all manual fixes have been applied!
info AppiumDoctor複製程式碼

10.配置Android_HOME、JAVA_HOME

下載Android SDK Manager推薦連結, 下載成功後，開啟終端，輸入cd到Android SDK的tools目錄所在路徑(從下載可見tools目錄,將tools目錄直接拖入到cd後面即可自動補全路徑)

再輸入命令./android sdk，彈出SDK Manager,如下圖:

vi ~/.bash_profile複製程式碼

新增HOME路徑:

export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home)
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASS_PATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib
export ANDROID_HOME=/usr/local/android-sdk-macosx複製程式碼

執行sources命令:

source ~/.bash_profile複製程式碼

再次執行appium-doctor檢視結果,此時:

info AppiumDoctor Appium Doctor v.1.4.3
info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic starting ###
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ The Node.js binary was found at: /usr/local/bin/node
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Node version is 8.9.4
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Xcode is installed at: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Xcode Command Line Tools are installed.
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ DevToolsSecurity is enabled.
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ The Authorization DB is set up properly.
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Carthage was found at: /usr/local/bin/carthage
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ HOME is set to: /Users/limaolin
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ ANDROID_HOME is set to: /usr/local/android-sdk-macosx
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ JAVA_HOME is set to: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_112.jdk/Contents/Home
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ adb exists at: /usr/local/android-sdk-macosx/platform-tools/adb
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ android exists at: /usr/local/android-sdk-macosx/tools/android
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ emulator exists at: /usr/local/android-sdk-macosx/tools/emulator
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Bin directory of $JAVA_HOME is set
info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic completed, no fix needed. ###
info AppiumDoctor 
info AppiumDoctor Everything looks good, bye!
info AppiumDoctor複製程式碼

如果還沒有生效的話,進入終端的偏好設定:

修改shell的開啟方式為 /bin/bash 安裝zsh的童鞋自行修改為zshell的路徑~

11.編譯WDA

WDA是appium自動化測試的核心。

配置正確的BundleId和證照,編譯WebDriverAgentLib、WebDriverAgentRunner

cmd+U執行測試,或者

cd  /usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent
xcodebuild -project WebDriverAgent.xcodeproj -scheme WebDriverAgentRunner -destination 'id=真機的udid' test複製程式碼

開始測試

常見問題1:

解決方法: 在通用-描述檔案與裝置管理中信任剛才配置的開發者!重複剛才的命令就OK了~

常見問題2:

Connection peer refused channel request for "dtxproxy:XCTestDriverInterface:XCTestManager_IDEInterface";
channel canceled Failed to run tests: The operation couldn’t be completed. (DTXProxyChannel error 1.)複製程式碼

解決方法: 重新插拔一下USB線

當出現如下: