樹莓派安裝 ubuntu 20.04 LTS 碰壁指南

Kindear發表於2021-01-27
樹莓派Ubuntu

樹莓派安裝 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 碰壁指南

裝置 Raspberry 4B 4+32G

系統 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

1.映象下載與燒錄

映象下載地址:https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/20.04.1/release/ubuntu-20.04.1-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi.img.xz

燒錄工具

SD Card Formatter

Win32DiskImager

2.啟用root賬戶

輸入命令後根據提示操作

su passwd root

3.無線網路連線初始化

進入netplan配置資料夾

cd /etc/netplan/

配置無線網

sudo vim 50-cloud-init.yaml

配置如下，僅供參考

# This file is generated from information provided by the datasource.  Changes
# to it will not persist across an instance reboot.  To disable cloud-init's
# network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
network:
    ethernets:
        eth0:
            dhcp4: true
            optional: true
    version: 2
    wifis:
      wlan0:
        dhcp4: true
        optional: true
        access-points:
              "你的無線網路名稱": 
               password: "123456789"

注意在冒號後面，記得要有個空格或者換行
啟用配置

sudo netplan try
sudo netplan apply
systemctl daemon-reload

4.更換樹莓派國內映象源

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

我全部更換為阿里映象源，最終配置如下

## Note, this file is written by cloud-init on first boot of an instance
## modifications made here will not survive a re-bundle.
## if you wish to make changes you can:
## a.) add 'apt_preserve_sources_list: true' to /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
##     or do the same in user-data
## b.) add sources in /etc/apt/sources.list.d
## c.) make changes to template file /etc/cloud/templates/sources.list.tmpl

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal main restricted
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates main restricted
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal universe
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal universe
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal universe
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates universe
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates universe
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal multiverse
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal multiverse
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner

#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security main restricted
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security main restricted
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security main restricted
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security universe
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security universe
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security universe
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security multiverse
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security multiverse

重新整理映象源

source source.list
apt get update
apt get upgrade

4.啟用SSH（*）

sudo apt install openssh-server

檢視ssh狀態

防火牆埠放行SSH

ufw allow ssh

嘗試一下用預設賬戶連線(我嘗試失敗，您可以一試)

方法一:修改sshd_config

參考 https://blog.csdn.net/john1337/article/details/109465781

修改配置檔案

sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

在vim中搜尋定位PermitRootLogin，可直接查詢：

/PermitRootLogin

修改以下配置：
33 #LoginGraceTime 2m
34 #PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
35 #StrictModes yes
36 #MaxAuthTries 6
37 #MaxSessions 10

修改為：

 LoginGraceTime 2m
 PermitRootLogin yes
 StrictModes yes
 #MaxAuthTries 6
 #MaxSessions 10
  1. 重啟ssh，使配置生效
sudo service ssh restart

現在可是使用root使用者登入ssh了！！！

方法二：建立新使用者（*）

我使用該方法完成ssh連線

不知為何預設賬戶ubuntu和root無法進行SSH連線認證，但是可以通過自己新增賬戶進行SSH連線

直接輸入

adduser your_username

按照指示配置新使用者資訊，最後使用該使用者名稱稱完成SSH連線

5. BT寶塔皮膚安裝

wget -O install.sh http://download.bt.cn/install/install-ubuntu_6.0.sh && bash install.sh

參考文件

1.https://blog.csdn.net/zx3517288/article/details/109889688

2.https://blog.csdn.net/john1337/article/details/109465781

3.https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35975447/article/details/105858964

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