springboot-zuul閘道器
Zuul路由閘道器簡介及基本使用
簡介
請看上圖,這裡的API 路由閘道器服務 由Zuul實現,主要就是對外提供服務介面的時候,起到了請求的路由和過濾作用,也因此能夠隱藏內部服務的介面細節,從來有利於保護系統的安全性;
路由配置
Zuul 路由配置
這裡我們的zuul也註冊到eureka服務裡,埠3001;
我們修改下Hosts,專門為我們新建一個module microservice-zuul-3001
zuul搞個本地域名對映
hosts檔案 加下:
然後pom.xml要加上:
<!--zuul閘道器-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
完整pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.liyingdong</groupId>
<artifactId>t243microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-zuul-3001</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- actuator監控 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- hystrix容錯 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--zuul閘道器-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--ribbon相關依賴-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--引入Feign依賴-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
搞一個 application.yml (完整的)
server:
port: 3001
context-path: /
spring:
application:
name: microservice-zuul
eureka:
instance:
instance-id: microservice-zuul:3001
prefer-ip-address: true
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.liyingdong.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.liyingdong.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.liyingdong.com:2003/eureka/
info:
groupId: com.liyingdong.testSpringcloud
artifactId: microservice-zuul-3001
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
userName: http://liyingdong.com
phone: 123456
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true
hystrix:
command:
default:
execution:
timeout:
enabled: true
isolation:
thread:
timeoutInMilliseconds: 15000
ribbon:
ReadTimeout: 6000
ConnectTimeout: 6000
MaxAutoRetries: 0
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 1
eureka:
enabled: true
zuul:
routes:
studentServer.serviceId: microservice-student
studentServer.path: /studentServer/**
ignored-services: "*"
prefix: /liyingdong
主啟動類:ZuulApplication_3001加下@EnableZuulProxy註解
package com.liyingdong.microservicezuul3001;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
@EnableZuulProxy
public class MicroserviceZuul3001Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceZuul3001Application.class, args);
}
}
我們測試下:
啟動三個eureka 然後再啟動下一個1001服務,以及 zuul閘道器服務;
我們直接請求:http://localhost:1001/student/list 能獲取到資料;
我們用 http://zuul.liyingdong.com:3001/microservice-student/student/list 域名+埠+服務名稱+請求地址 也能請求到資料;
說明我們的路由基本配置OK
Zuul路由對映配置
上面是zuul的簡單使用,從介面地址很輕易的就暴露了服務提供者的唯一標識名microservice-student;有安全風險,我們需要將其隱藏;
ignored-services的作用是將原來的服務提供者唯一標識名禁用;
Prefix的作用是給服務加字首
yml檔案中新增以下配置:
zuul:
routes:
studentServer.serviceId: microservice-student
studentServer.path: /studentServer/**
ignored-services: "*"
prefix: /liyingdong
配置完畢後可通過以下連結做測試
http://zuul.liyingdong.com:3001/microservice-student/student/list
http://zuul.liyingdong.com:3001/studentServer/student/list
http://zuul.liyingdong.com:3001/liyingdong/microservice-student/student/list
http://zuul.liyingdong.com:3001/liyingdong/studentServer/student/list
對應的配置會出現上面的錯誤頁面,這是正常現象。
ZuulFallBack
Zuul作為服務閘道器為了保證自己不被服務拖垮,本身已經整合了Hystrix對路由轉發進行隔離。 為了方便開發人員對服務短路進行自定義處理,
package com.liyingdong.microservicezuul3001.fallback;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.ZuulFallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
@Component
public class ZuulFallBack implements ZuulFallbackProvider {
@Override
public String getRoute() {
return "*";
}
/**
* 在給zuul整合回退功能時,只要類實現ZuulFallbackProvider介面,並且註冊bean即可。
*
* 不過需要注意的時,這個回退只有服務掉線或者超時的情況下才會觸發(Camden.SR4版本測試是這樣),
* 如果服務程式出現異常,此回退程式是不能處理的,異常會直接返回給呼叫者,比如頁面。
*
* @return
*/
@Override
public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse() {
return new ClientHttpResponse() {
@Override
public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);//application/json;charset=UTF-8
return headers;
}
@Override
public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
String msg = "服務繁忙,請稍後.....";
//new ByteArrayInputStream("{\"code\":-1,\"msg\":\"服務暫不可用\"}".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
return new ByteArrayInputStream(msg.getBytes());
}
@Override
public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.getReasonPhrase();//400
}
@Override
public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST;
}
@Override
public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value();//"Bad Request"
}
@Override
public void close() {
}
};
}
}
回退做了處理
zuul超時時間設定
http://zuul.liyingdong.com:3001/microservice-student/student/hystrix,只能呼叫響應時間不超過一秒的方法 ,因為hystrix方法裡面設定的休眠時間是1.1秒,而zuul的預設是1秒所有會出現以上圖片現象
yml檔案加入
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true
hystrix:
command:
default:
execution:
timeout:
enabled: true
isolation:
thread:
timeoutInMilliseconds: 15000
ribbon:
ReadTimeout: 6000
ConnectTimeout: 6000
MaxAutoRetries: 0
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 1
eureka:
enabled: true
Zuul請求過濾配置
比如我們登入某個系統 需要身份驗證,使用者名稱密碼啥的;
我們請求服務,也可以來設定身份驗證,也就是過濾非法請求;Zuul通過ZuulFilter過濾器實現;
一般具體實現的話 每次經過Zuul服務閘道器 我們都對帶來的token進行有效性驗證;
我們先定義一個 AccessFilter類:
package com.liyingdong.microservicezuul3001.filter;
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
/**
* @author 小李飛刀
* @site www.javaxl.com
* @company
* @create 2019-04-30 16:05
*/
public class AccessFilter extends ZuulFilter {
Logger logger=Logger.getLogger(AccessFilter.class);
/**
* 判斷該過濾器是否要被執行
*/
@Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
return true;
}
/**
* 過濾器的具體執行邏輯
*/
@Override
public Object run() throws ZuulException {
RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
String parameter = request.getParameter("accessToken");
logger.info(request.getRequestURL().toString()+" 請求訪問");
if(parameter==null){
logger.error("accessToken為空!");
ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
ctx.setResponseBody("{\"result\":\"accessToken is empty!\"}");
return null;
}
// token判斷邏輯
logger.info(request.getRequestURL().toString()+" 請求成功");
return null;
}
/**
* 過濾器的型別 這裡用pre,代表會再請求被路由之前執行
*/
@Override
public String filterType() {
return "pre";
}
/**
* 過濾器的執行順序
*/
@Override
public int filterOrder() {
return 0;
}
}
ZuulConfig 隨著springboot專案啟動而載入我們的自定義過濾器
package com.liyingdong.microservicezuul3001;
import com.liyingdong.microservicezuul3001.filter.AccessFilter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class ZuulConfig {
@Bean
public AccessFilter accessFilter(){
return new AccessFilter();
}
}
瀏覽器輸入地址進行測試
不帶token的情況
http://zuul.liyingdong.com:3001/liyingdong/studentServer/student/list
帶token的情況
http://zuul.liyingdong.com:3001/liyingdong/studentServer/student/list?accessToken=zs
相關文章
- Janusec應用安全閘道器(WAF閘道器)
- Ceph物件閘道器,多區域閘道器物件
- 什麼是閘道器?閘道器的作用是什麼,閘道器的作用詳解
- 閘道器GatewayGateway
- gateway 閘道器Gateway
- 《springcloud 二》微服務動態閘道器,閘道器叢集SpringGCCloud微服務
- API閘道器,企業級閘道器可擴充套件API套件
- API 閘道器 KongAPI
- Zuul路由閘道器Zuul路由
- kong閘道器部署
- Ocelot閘道器(二)
- Ocelot閘道器(三)
- 微服務閘道器微服務
- api閘道器設計API
- 微服務閘道器- Nginx微服務Nginx
- Spring Cloud Zuul 閘道器SpringCloudZuul
- Gateway(閘道器)的概述Gateway
- SpringCloud(四)GateWay閘道器SpringGCCloudGateway
- SpringCloud(五)GateWay閘道器SpringGCCloudGateway
- 開放API閘道器實踐(一) ——設計一個API閘道器API
- 服務閘道器過濾器過濾器
- 高效能API閘道器(1)、微服務API閘道器架構設計API微服務架構
- AI閘道器對企業的意義及如何構建 AI 閘道器AI
- Tyk閘道器Docker安裝Docker
- springcloud服務閘道器-gatewaySpringGCCloudGateway
- Spring Cloud Zuul 閘道器(一)SpringCloudZuul
- 微服務中的閘道器微服務
- Docker 安裝 Kong 閘道器Docker
- 並行閘道器 Parallel Gateway並行ParallelGateway
- 安全閘道器 透明加解密解密
- SpringCloud GateWay 使用 閘道器路由SpringGCCloudGateway路由
- gRPC- HTTP閘道器 IRPCHTTP
- 物聯網的閘道器
- API 閘道器策略二三事API
- Springcloud教程——GateWay閘道器元件SpringGCCloudGateway元件
- 億級流量架構之閘道器設計思路、常見閘道器對比架構
- 伺服器閘道器是什麼伺服器
- Spring cloud(5)-路由閘道器(Zuul)SpringCloud路由Zuul