你知道String對"+"做了什麼嗎

Brewin發表於2020-09-11

下面有段簡單的程式碼

public class StringPlusTest{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s1 = "aaa";
        String s2 = "bbb";
        String s = "ccc" +s1 + s2 +"ddd";
    }
}

使用 javap -c .\StringPlusTest.class反編譯一下,得到

Compiled from "StringPlusTest.java"
public class com.epoint.codetuning.test.StringPlusTest {
  public com.epoint.codetuning.test.StringPlusTest();
    Code:
       0: aload_0
       1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
       4: return

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    Code:
       0: ldc           #2                  // String aaa
       2: astore_1
       3: ldc           #3                  // String bbb
       5: astore_2
       6: new           #4                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder
       9: dup
      10: invokespecial #5                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
      13: ldc           #6                  // String ccc
      15: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      18: aload_1
      19: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      22: aload_2
      23: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      26: ldc           #8                  // String ddd
      28: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      31: invokevirtual #9                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
      34: astore_3
      35: return
}

其中,

ldc 把常量池中的項壓入棧
astore_1 將引用型別或returnAddress型別值存入區域性變數1
astore_2 將引用型別或returnAddress型別值存入區域性變數2
new 建立一個新物件
dup 複製棧頂部一個字長內容
invokespecial 根據編譯時型別來呼叫例項方法
aload_1 從區域性變數1中裝載引用型別值
aload_2 從區域性變數2中裝載引用型別值
astore_3 將引用型別或returnAddress型別值存入區域性變數3

更多指令見JVM指令手冊

對於Java來說,這段程式碼原理上應該是:

public class StringPlusTest{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s1 = "aaa";
        String s2 = "bbb";
        String s = new StringBuilder().append("ccc").append(s1).append(s2).append("ddd").toString();
    }
}

由此可見,Java中使用“+”拼接字串的實現原理是透過建立臨時StringBuilder物件呼叫append和toString方法實現。

對上面程式碼做一些修改

public class StringPlusTest{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s1 = "aaa";
        String s2 = null;
        String s = "ccc" +s1 + s2 +"ddd";
        System.out.println(s);
    }
}

結果是什麼?

執行可以得到如下:

cccaaanullddd

檢視StringBuilder原始碼

@Override
public StringBuilder append(String str) {
    super.append(str);
    return this;
}

該方法呼叫繼承父類AbstractStringBuilder的方法,再去父類中檢視

 public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {
        if (str == null)
            return appendNull();
        int len = str.length();
        ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
        str.getChars(0, len, value, count);
        count += len;
        return this;
}
private AbstractStringBuilder appendNull() {
    int c = count;
    ensureCapacityInternal(c + 4);
    final char[] value = this.value;
    value[c++] = 'n';
    value[c++] = 'u';
    value[c++] = 'l';
    value[c++] = 'l';
    count = c;
    return this;
}

appendNull方法簡單來說就是容量+4,追加null字串。

所以結果為”cccaaanullddd”。

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