下面有段簡單的程式碼
public class StringPlusTest{
public static void main(String[] args) {
String s1 = "aaa";
String s2 = "bbb";
String s = "ccc" +s1 + s2 +"ddd";
}
}
使用 javap -c .\StringPlusTest.class
反編譯一下,得到
Compiled from "StringPlusTest.java"
public class com.epoint.codetuning.test.StringPlusTest {
public com.epoint.codetuning.test.StringPlusTest();
Code:
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: return
public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
Code:
0: ldc #2 // String aaa
2: astore_1
3: ldc #3 // String bbb
5: astore_2
6: new #4 // class java/lang/StringBuilder
9: dup
10: invokespecial #5 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
13: ldc #6 // String ccc
15: invokevirtual #7 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
18: aload_1
19: invokevirtual #7 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
22: aload_2
23: invokevirtual #7 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
26: ldc #8 // String ddd
28: invokevirtual #7 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
31: invokevirtual #9 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
34: astore_3
35: return
}
其中,
ldc 把常量池中的項壓入棧
astore_1 將引用型別或returnAddress型別值存入區域性變數1
astore_2 將引用型別或returnAddress型別值存入區域性變數2
new 建立一個新物件
dup 複製棧頂部一個字長內容
invokespecial 根據編譯時型別來呼叫例項方法
aload_1 從區域性變數1中裝載引用型別值
aload_2 從區域性變數2中裝載引用型別值
astore_3 將引用型別或returnAddress型別值存入區域性變數3
更多指令見JVM指令手冊
對於Java來說,這段程式碼原理上應該是:
public class StringPlusTest{
public static void main(String[] args) {
String s1 = "aaa";
String s2 = "bbb";
String s = new StringBuilder().append("ccc").append(s1).append(s2).append("ddd").toString();
}
}
由此可見,Java中使用“+”拼接字串的實現原理是透過建立臨時StringBuilder物件呼叫append和toString方法實現。
對上面程式碼做一些修改
public class StringPlusTest{
public static void main(String[] args) {
String s1 = "aaa";
String s2 = null;
String s = "ccc" +s1 + s2 +"ddd";
System.out.println(s);
}
}
結果是什麼?
執行可以得到如下:
cccaaanullddd
檢視StringBuilder原始碼
@Override
public StringBuilder append(String str) {
super.append(str);
return this;
}
該方法呼叫繼承父類AbstractStringBuilder的方法,再去父類中檢視
public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {
if (str == null)
return appendNull();
int len = str.length();
ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
str.getChars(0, len, value, count);
count += len;
return this;
}
private AbstractStringBuilder appendNull() {
int c = count;
ensureCapacityInternal(c + 4);
final char[] value = this.value;
value[c++] = 'n';
value[c++] = 'u';
value[c++] = 'l';
value[c++] = 'l';
count = c;
return this;
}
appendNull方法簡單來說就是容量+4,追加null字串。
所以結果為”cccaaanullddd”。
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