Istio的流量管理(實操二)(istio 系列四)
涵蓋官方文件Traffic Management章節中的inrgess部分。
Ingress閘道器
在kubernetes環境中,kubernetes ingress資源用於指定暴露到叢集外的服務。在istio服務網格中,使用了一種不同的配置模型,稱為istio閘道器。一個閘道器允許將istio的特性,如映象和路由規則應用到進入叢集的流量上。
本節描述瞭如何使用istio閘道器將一個服務暴露到服務網格外。
環境準備
使用如下命令建立httpbin服務
$ kubectl apply -f samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml
確定ingress的IP和埠
由於本環境中沒有配置對外的負載均衡,因此此處的EXTERNAL-IP
為空,使用node port
進行訪問
# kubectl get svc istio-ingressgateway -n istio-system
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
istio-ingressgateway LoadBalancer 10.84.93.45 <pending> ... 11d
獲取ingressgateway
service的http2
和https
對應的埠
$ export INGRESS_PORT=$(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="http2")].nodePort}')
$ export SECURE_INGRESS_PORT=$(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="https")].nodePort}')
$ export TCP_INGRESS_PORT=$(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="tcp")].nodePort}')
下面是istio-system名稱空間的istio-ingressgateway
service中的一部分埠資訊,可以看到http2
和https
的nodeport分別為31194
和31785
,對應上面的INGRESS_PORT
和SECURE_INGRESS_PORT
{
"name": "http2",
"nodePort": 31194,
"port": 80,
"protocol": "TCP",
"targetPort": 80
},
{
"name": "https",
"nodePort": 31785,
"port": 443,
"protocol": "TCP",
"targetPort": 443
},
獲取istio-system名稱空間中ingressgateway
pod 的hostIP
$ export INGRESS_HOST=$(kubectl get po -l istio=ingressgateway -n istio-system -o jsonpath='{.items[0].status.hostIP}')
使用istio閘道器配置ingress
一個ingress閘道器描述了在網格邊緣用於接收入站HTTP/TCP連線的負載均衡,配置了暴露的埠,協議等。kubernetes ingress資源不包括任何流量路由配置。ingress 流量的路由使用istio路由規則,與內部服務請求相同:
-
建立istio
Gateway
,將來自httpbin.example.com
的流量匯入網格的80
埠(即預設的ingressgateway
pod)kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: Gateway metadata: name: httpbin-gateway spec: selector: istio: ingressgateway # use Istio default gateway implementation servers: - port: number: 80 name: http protocol: HTTP hosts: - "httpbin.example.com" EOF
-
通過
Gateway
配置進入的流量路由,將來自httpbin.example.com
,且目的地為/status
或/delay
的請求分發到httpbin
服務的8000
埠,其他請求會返回404響應。kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: httpbin spec: hosts: - "httpbin.example.com" gateways: - httpbin-gateway http: - match: - uri: prefix: /status - uri: prefix: /delay route: - destination: port: number: 8000 host: httpbin EOF
可以看到流量被匯入了
httpbin
service暴露的8000埠上$ oc get svc |grep httpbin httpbin ClusterIP 10.84.222.69 <none> 8000/TCP 19h
來自網格內部其他服務的請求則不受此規則的約束,會使用預設的輪詢路由進行請求分發。為了限制內部的呼叫規則,可以將特定的值
mesh
新增到gateways
列表中。由於內部服務的主機名可能與外部不同,因此需要將主機名新增到hosts
列表中。 -
使用curl命令訪問
httpbin
服務,此時通過-H
選項修改了HTTP請求首部的Host
欄位,使用http2的nodeport方式訪問:$ curl -s -I -HHost:httpbin.example.com http://$INGRESS_HOST:$INGRESS_PORT/status/200 HTTP/1.1 200 OK server: istio-envoy date: Thu, 21 May 2020 03:22:50 GMT content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8 access-control-allow-origin: * access-control-allow-credentials: true content-length: 0 x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 21
-
訪問其他URL路徑則返回404錯誤
$ curl -s -I -HHost:httpbin.example.com http://$INGRESS_HOST:$INGRESS_PORT/headers HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found date: Thu, 21 May 2020 03:25:20 GMT server: istio-envoy transfer-encoding: chunked
使用瀏覽器訪問ingress服務
由於無法像使用curl一樣修改請求的Host
首部欄位,因此無法使用瀏覽器訪問httpbin
服務。為了解決這個問題,可以在Gateway
和VirtualService
中的host欄位使用萬用字元*
。
$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
name: httpbin-gateway
spec:
selector:
istio: ingressgateway # use Istio default gateway implementation
servers:
- port:
number: 80
name: http
protocol: HTTP
hosts:
- "*" #指定萬用字元,不限制外部流量的地址
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: httpbin
spec:
hosts:
- "*"
gateways:
- httpbin-gateway
http:
- match:
- uri:
prefix: /headers
route:
- destination:
port:
number: 8000
host: httpbin
EOF
問題定位
-
檢查環境變數
INGRESS_HOST
和INGRESS_PORT
,保證這兩個值是有效的$ kubectl get svc -n istio-system $ echo INGRESS_HOST=$INGRESS_HOST, INGRESS_PORT=$INGRESS_PORT
-
校驗相同的埠上沒有其他istio ingress網格
$ kubectl get gateway --all-namespaces
-
校驗沒有在相同的IP和埠上定義kubernetes ingress資源
$ kubectl get ingress --all-namespaces
-
如果沒有負載均衡,可以參照上面步驟使用node port方式
解除安裝
$ kubectl delete gateway httpbin-gateway
$ kubectl delete virtualservice httpbin
$ kubectl delete --ignore-not-found=true -f samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml
Ingress(kubernetes)
執行ingress流量控制中的Before you begin 的Before you begin 和Determining the ingress IP and ports小節的操作,部署httpbin
服務。本節介紹如何通過kubernetes的Ingress
(非istio的gateway)進行訪問。
下面展示如何配置一個80埠的Ingress
,用於HTTP流量:
-
建立一個istio
Gateway
,將來自httpbin.example.com:80/status/*
的流量分發到servicehttpbin
的8000
埠$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: Ingress metadata: annotations: kubernetes.io/ingress.class: istio name: ingress spec: rules: - host: httpbin.example.com http: paths: - path: /status/* backend: serviceName: httpbin servicePort: 8000 EOF
注意需要使用
kubernetes.io/ingress.class
annotation來告訴istio閘道器控制器處理該ingress
,否則會忽略該ingress。 -
使用curl命令訪問httpbin服務。Ingress的流量也需要經過istio
ingressgateway
。$ curl -I -HHost:httpbin.example.com http://$INGRESS_HOST:$INGRESS_PORT/status/200 HTTP/1.1 200 OK server: istio-envoy date: Fri, 22 May 2020 06:12:56 GMT content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8 access-control-allow-origin: * access-control-allow-credentials: true content-length: 0 x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 20
httpbin服務的發現是通過EDS實現的,使用如下命令檢視:
$ istioctl proxy-config cluster istio-ingressgateway-569669bb67-b6p5r|grep 8000 httpbin.default.svc.cluster.local 8000 - outbound EDS outbound_.8000_._.httpbin.default.svc.cluster.local - - - EDS
-
訪問其他未暴露的路徑,返回HTTP 404錯誤:
$ curl -I -HHost:httpbin.example.com http://$INGRESS_HOST:$INGRESS_PORT/headers HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found date: Fri, 22 May 2020 06:24:30 GMT server: istio-envoy transfer-encoding: chunked
下一步
TLS
Ingress支援TLS設定。Istio也支援TLS設定,但相關的secret
必須存在istio-ingressgateway
deployment所在的名稱空間中。可以使用cert-manager生成這些證書。
指定路徑型別
預設情況下,Istio會將路徑視為完全匹配,如果路徑使用/*
或*
結尾,則該路徑為字首匹配。不支援其他正則匹配。
kubernetes 1.18中新增了一個欄位pathType
,允許宣告為Exact
或Prefix
。
指定IngressClass
kubernetes 1.18中新增了一個資源IngressClass
,替換了Ingress
資源的 kubernetes.io/ingress.class
annotation。如果使用該資源,則需要將controller
設定為istio.io/ingress-controller
:
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: IngressClass
metadata:
name: istio
spec:
controller: istio.io/ingress-controller
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress
spec:
ingressClassName: istio
...
解除安裝
$ kubectl delete ingress ingress
$ kubectl delete --ignore-not-found=true -f samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml
安全閘道器
本節講述如何使用simple或mutual TLS暴露安全的HTTPS服務。證書是通過SDS進行金鑰發現的。
TLS需要的私鑰,服務端證書,根證書是使用基於檔案裝載的方法配置的。
執行ingress流量控制中的Before you begin 的Before you begin 和Determining the ingress IP and ports小節的操作,部署httpbin
服務,並獲取 INGRESS_HOST
和SECURE_INGRESS_PORT
變數。
生成服務端證書和私鑰
下面使用openssl生成需要的證書和金鑰
-
生成一個根證書和一個私鑰,用於簽名服務的證書
$ openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -subj '/O=example Inc./CN=example.com' -keyout example.com.key -out example.com.crt
-
為
httpbin.example.com
生成一個證書和私鑰$ openssl req -out httpbin.example.com.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout httpbin.example.com.key -subj "/CN=httpbin.example.com/O=httpbin organization" $ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -CA example.com.crt -CAkey example.com.key -set_serial 0 -in httpbin.example.com.csr -out httpbin.example.com.crt
單主機配置TLS ingress閘道器
-
為ingree閘道器建立一個secret
secret的名字不能以
istio
或prometheus
開頭,且secret不應該包含token
欄位$ kubectl create -n istio-system secret tls httpbin-credential --key=httpbin.example.com.key --cert=httpbin.example.com.crt
-
在
server
部分定義一個443埠的Gateway
,將credentialName
指定為httpbin-credential
,與secret
的名字相同,TLS的mode為SIMPLE
。$ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f - apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: Gateway metadata: name: mygateway spec: selector: istio: ingressgateway # use istio default ingress gateway servers: - port: number: 443 name: https protocol: HTTPS tls: mode: SIMPLE credentialName: httpbin-credential # must be the same as secret hosts: - httpbin.example.com EOF
-
配置進入
Gateway
的流量路由。與上一節中的VirtualService
相同$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: httpbin spec: hosts: - "httpbin.example.com" gateways: - httpbin-gateway http: - match: - uri: prefix: /status - uri: prefix: /delay route: - destination: port: number: 8000 #可以看到tls只是這是在gateway上的,當進入網格之後就不需要了 host: httpbin EOF
-
使用curl向
SECURE_INGRESS_PORT
傳送HTTPS
請求訪問httpbin
服務,請求中攜帶了公鑰example.com.crt
。--resolve
標記可以在使用curl訪問TLS的閘道器IP時,在SNI中支援httpbin.example.com
。--cacert
選擇支援使用生成的證書校驗服務。-HHost:httpbin.example.com
選項僅在SECURE_INGRESS_PORT
不同於實際的閘道器埠(443)時才會需要,例如,通過對映的NodePort
方式訪問服務時。通過將請求傳送到
/status/418
URL路徑時,可以看到httpbin
確實被訪問了,httpbin服務會返回418 I’m a Teapot程式碼。.$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com --resolve "httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST" \ --cacert example.com.crt "https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418" > --cacert example.com.crt "https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418" * Added httpbin.example.com:31967:172.20.127.211 to DNS cache * About to connect() to httpbin.example.com port 31967 (#0) * Trying 172.20.127.211... * Connected to httpbin.example.com (172.20.127.211) port 31967 (#0) * Initializing NSS with certpath: sql:/etc/pki/nssdb * CAfile: example.com.crt CApath: none * SSL connection using TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 * Server certificate: * subject: O=httpbin organization,CN=httpbin.example.com * start date: May 22 09:03:01 2020 GMT * expire date: May 22 09:03:01 2021 GMT * common name: httpbin.example.com * issuer: CN=example.com,O=example Inc. > GET /status/418 HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.29.0 > Accept: */* > Host:httpbin.example.com > < HTTP/1.1 418 Unknown < server: istio-envoy < date: Fri, 22 May 2020 09:08:29 GMT < x-more-info: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2324 < access-control-allow-origin: * < access-control-allow-credentials: true < content-length: 135 < x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 2 < -=[ teapot ]=- _...._ .' _ _ `. | ."` ^ `". _, \_;`"---"`|// | ;/ \_ _/ `"""` * Connection #0 to host httpbin.example.com left intact
檢視curl輸出中的Server certificate中的資訊,上述返回值的最後有一個茶壺的圖片,說明執行成功。
-
刪除老的閘道器secret,建立一個新的secret,並使用該secret修改ingress閘道器的憑據
$ kubectl -n istio-system delete secret httpbin-credential
$ mkdir new_certificates $ openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -subj '/O=example Inc./CN=example.com' -keyout new_certificates/example.com.key -out new_certificates/example.com.crt $ openssl req -out new_certificates/httpbin.example.com.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout new_certificates/httpbin.example.com.key -subj "/CN=httpbin.example.com/O=httpbin organization" $ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -CA new_certificates/example.com.crt -CAkey new_certificates/example.com.key -set_serial 0 -in new_certificates/httpbin.example.com.csr -out new_certificates/httpbin.example.com.crt $ kubectl create -n istio-system secret tls httpbin-credential \ --key=new_certificates/httpbin.example.com.key \ --cert=new_certificates/httpbin.example.com.crt
-
使用新的證書鏈訪問
httpbin
服務$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com --resolve "httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST" \ --cacert new_certificates/example.com.crt "https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418"
-
如果使用老的證書訪問,則返回錯誤
$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com --resolve "httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST" \ > --cacert example.com.crt "https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418" * Added httpbin.example.com:31967:172.20.127.211 to DNS cache * About to connect() to httpbin.example.com port 31967 (#0) * Trying 172.20.127.211... * Connected to httpbin.example.com (172.20.127.211) port 31967 (#0) * Initializing NSS with certpath: sql:/etc/pki/nssdb * CAfile: example.com.crt CApath: none * Server certificate: * subject: O=httpbin organization,CN=httpbin.example.com * start date: May 22 09:24:07 2020 GMT * expire date: May 22 09:24:07 2021 GMT * common name: httpbin.example.com * issuer: CN=example.com,O=example Inc. * NSS error -8182 (SEC_ERROR_BAD_SIGNATURE) * Peer's certificate has an invalid signature. * Closing connection 0 curl: (60) Peer's certificate has an invalid signature.
多主機配置TLS ingress閘道器
本節會為多個主機(httpbin.example.com
和helloworld-v1.example.com
)配置一個ingress閘道器。ingress閘道器會在credentialName
中查詢唯一的憑據。
-
刪除之前建立的secret併為
httpbin
重建憑據$ kubectl -n istio-system delete secret httpbin-credential $ kubectl create -n istio-system secret tls httpbin-credential \ --key=httpbin.example.com.key \ --cert=httpbin.example.com.crt
-
啟動
helloworld-v1
$ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f - apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: helloworld-v1 labels: app: helloworld-v1 spec: ports: - name: http port: 5000 selector: app: helloworld-v1 --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: helloworld-v1 spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: helloworld-v1 version: v1 template: metadata: labels: app: helloworld-v1 version: v1 spec: containers: - name: helloworld image: istio/examples-helloworld-v1 resources: requests: cpu: "100m" imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent #Always ports: - containerPort: 5000 EOF
-
為
helloworld-v1.example.com
建立證書和私鑰$ openssl req -out helloworld-v1.example.com.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout helloworld-v1.example.com.key -subj "/CN=helloworld-v1.example.com/O=helloworld organization" $ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -CA example.com.crt -CAkey example.com.key -set_serial 1 -in helloworld-v1.example.com.csr -out helloworld-v1.example.com.crt
-
為
helloworld-credential
建立secret$ kubectl create -n istio-system secret tls helloworld-credential --key=helloworld-v1.example.com.key --cert=helloworld-v1.example.com.crt
-
定義兩個閘道器,閘道器埠為443。在
credentialName
欄位分別設定httpbin-credential
和helloworld-credential
,TLS模式為SIMPLE
。$ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f - apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: Gateway metadata: name: mygateway spec: selector: istio: ingressgateway # use istio default ingress gateway servers: - port: number: 443 name: https-httpbin #httpbin的gateway配置 protocol: HTTPS tls: mode: SIMPLE credentialName: httpbin-credential hosts: - httpbin.example.com - port: number: 443 name: https-helloworld #https-helloword的gateway配置 protocol: HTTPS tls: mode: SIMPLE credentialName: helloworld-credential hosts: - helloworld-v1.example.com EOF
-
配置gateway的流量路由,為新應用新增對應的virtual service
$ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f - apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: helloworld-v1 spec: hosts: - helloworld-v1.example.com gateways: - mygateway http: - match: - uri: exact: /hello route: - destination: host: helloworld-v1 port: number: 5000 EOF
-
向
helloworld-v1.example.com
傳送HTTPS請求$ curl -v -HHost:helloworld-v1.example.com --resolve "helloworld-v1.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST" \ --cacert example.com.crt "https://helloworld-v1.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/hello" ... < HTTP/1.1 200 OK < content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8 < content-length: 60 < server: istio-envoy < date: Sat, 23 May 2020 07:38:40 GMT < x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 143 < Hello version: v1, instance: helloworld-v1-5dfcf5d5cd-2l44c * Connection #0 to host helloworld-v1.example.com left intact
-
向
httpbin.example.com
傳送請求$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com --resolve "httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST" \ --cacert example.com.crt "https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418" ... -=[ teapot ]=- _...._ .' _ _ `. | ."` ^ `". _, \_;`"---"`|// | ;/ \_ _/ `"""` * Connection #0 to host httpbin.example.com left intact
配置一個mutual TLS ingress閘道器
刪除之前的secreting建立一個新的secret,server會使用該CA證書校驗client,使用cacert
儲存CA證書。
$ kubectl -n istio-system delete secret httpbin-credential
$ kubectl create -n istio-system secret generic httpbin-credential --from-file=tls.key=httpbin.example.com.key \
--from-file=tls.crt=httpbin.example.com.crt --from-file=ca.crt=example.com.crt
-
將gateway的TLS模式設定為
MUTUAL
$ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f - apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: Gateway metadata: name: mygateway spec: selector: istio: ingressgateway # use istio default ingress gateway servers: - port: number: 443 name: https protocol: HTTPS tls: mode: MUTUAL #TLS模式設定為MUTUAL credentialName: httpbin-credential # must be the same as secret hosts: - httpbin.example.com EOF
-
使用先前的方式傳送HTTPS請求,可以看到訪問失敗
$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com --resolve "httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST" \ > --cacert example.com.crt "https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418" * Added httpbin.example.com:31967:172.20.127.211 to DNS cache * About to connect() to httpbin.example.com port 31967 (#0) * Trying 172.20.127.211... * Connected to httpbin.example.com (172.20.127.211) port 31967 (#0) * Initializing NSS with certpath: sql:/etc/pki/nssdb * CAfile: example.com.crt CApath: none * NSS: client certificate not found (nickname not specified) * NSS error -12227 (SSL_ERROR_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE_ALERT) * SSL peer was unable to negotiate an acceptable set of security parameters. * Closing connection 0 curl: (35) NSS: client certificate not found (nickname not specified)
-
生成client的證書和私鑰。在
curl
中傳入客戶端的證書和私鑰,使用--cert
傳入客戶端證書,使用--key
傳入私鑰$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com --resolve "httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST" --cacert example.com.crt --cert ./client.example.com.crt --key ./client.example.com.key "https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418" ... -=[ teapot ]=- _...._ .' _ _ `. | ."` ^ `". _, \_;`"---"`|// | ;/ \_ _/ `"""` * Connection #0 to host httpbin.example.com left intact
istio支援幾種不同的Secret格式,來支援與多種工具的整合,如cert-manager:
- 一個TLS Secret使用
tls.key
和tls.crt
;對於mutual TLS,會用到ca.crt
- 一個generic Secret會用到
key
和cert
;對於mutual TLS,會用到cacert
- 一個generic Secret會用到
key
和cert
;對於mutual TLS,會用到一個單獨的名為<secret>-cacert
的generic Secret,以及一個cacert
key。例如httpbin-credential
包含key
和cert
,httpbin-credential-cacert
包含cacert
問題定位
-
檢查
INGRESS_HOST
和SECURE_INGRESS_PORT
環境變數$ kubectl get svc -n istio-system $ echo INGRESS_HOST=$INGRESS_HOST, SECURE_INGRESS_PORT=$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT
-
檢查
istio-ingressgateway
控制器的錯誤日誌$ kubectl logs -n istio-system "$(kubectl get pod -l istio=ingressgateway \ -n istio-system -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')"
-
校驗
istio-system
名稱空間中成功建立了secret。上例中應該存在httpbin-credential
和helloworld-credential
$ kubectl -n istio-system get secrets
-
校驗ingress閘道器agent將金鑰/證書對上傳到了ingress閘道器
$ kubectl logs -n istio-system "$(kubectl get pod -l istio=ingressgateway \ -n istio-system -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')"
定位mutul TLS問題
-
校驗CA載入到了
istio-ingressgateway
pod中,檢視是否存在example.com.crt
$ kubectl exec -it -n istio-system $(kubectl -n istio-system get pods -l istio=ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -- ls -al /etc/istio/ingressgateway-ca-certs
-
如果建立了
istio-ingressgateway-ca-certs
secret,但沒有載入CA證書,刪除ingress閘道器pod,強制載入該證書$ kubectl delete pod -n istio-system -l istio=ingressgateway
-
校驗CA證書的
Subject
欄位是否正確$ kubectl exec -i -n istio-system $(kubectl get pod -l istio=ingressgateway -n istio-system -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -- cat /etc/istio/ingressgateway-ca-certs/example.com.crt | openssl x509 -text -noout | grep 'Subject:' Subject: O=example Inc., CN=example.com
log中可以看到新增了
httpbin-credential
secret。如果使用mutual TLS,那麼也會出現httpbin-credential-cacert
secret。校驗log中顯示了閘道器agent從ingress閘道器接收到了SDS請求,資源的名稱為httpbin-credential
,且ingress閘道器獲取到了金鑰/證書對。如果使用了mutual TLS,日誌應該顯示將金鑰/證書傳送到ingress閘道器,閘道器agent接收到了帶httpbin-credential-cacert
資源名稱的SDS請求,並回去到了根證書。
解除安裝
-
刪除
Gateway
配置,VirtualService
和secret$ kubectl delete gateway mygateway $ kubectl delete virtualservice httpbin $ kubectl delete --ignore-not-found=true -n istio-system secret httpbin-credential \ helloworld-credential $ kubectl delete --ignore-not-found=true virtualservice helloworld-v1
-
刪除證書目錄
$ rm -rf example.com.crt example.com.key httpbin.example.com.crt httpbin.example.com.key httpbin.example.com.csr helloworld-v1.example.com.crt helloworld-v1.example.com.key helloworld-v1.example.com.csr client.example.com.crt client.example.com.csr client.example.com.key ./new_certificates
-
停止
httpbin
和helloworld-v1
服務:$ kubectl delete deployment --ignore-not-found=true httpbin helloworld-v1 $ kubectl delete service --ignore-not-found=true httpbin helloworld-v1
不終止TLS的ingress閘道器
上一節中描述瞭如何配置HTTPS ingree來訪問一個HTTP服務。本節中描述如何配置HTTPS ingrss來訪問HTTPS服務等。通過配置ingress閘道器來執行SNI方式的訪問,而不會在請求進入ingress時終止TLS。
本例中使用一個NGINX伺服器作為HTTPS服務。
生成客戶端和服務端的證書和金鑰
-
生成一個根證書和私鑰,用於簽名服務
$ openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -subj '/O=example Inc./CN=example.com' -keyout example.com.key -out example.com.crt
-
為
nginx.example.com
建立證書和私鑰$ openssl req -out nginx.example.com.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout nginx.example.com.key -subj "/CN=nginx.example.com/O=some organization" $ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -CA example.com.crt -CAkey example.com.key -set_serial 0 -in nginx.example.com.csr -out nginx.example.com.crt
部署NGINX服務
-
建立kubernetes Secret儲存服務的證書
$ kubectl create secret tls nginx-server-certs --key nginx.example.com.key --cert nginx.example.com.crt
-
為NGINX服務建立配置檔案
$ cat <<EOF > ./nginx.conf events { } http { log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $status ' '"$request" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; server { listen 443 ssl; root /usr/share/nginx/html; index index.html; server_name nginx.example.com; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx-server-certs/tls.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx-server-certs/tls.key; } } EOF
-
為NGINX服務建立kubernetes configmap
$ kubectl create configmap nginx-configmap --from-file=nginx.conf=./nginx.conf
-
部署NGINX服務
$ cat <<EOF | istioctl kube-inject -f - | kubectl apply -f - apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: my-nginx labels: run: my-nginx spec: ports: - port: 443 protocol: TCP selector: run: my-nginx --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: my-nginx spec: selector: matchLabels: run: my-nginx replicas: 1 template: metadata: labels: run: my-nginx spec: containers: - name: my-nginx image: nginx ports: - containerPort: 443 volumeMounts: - name: nginx-config mountPath: /etc/nginx readOnly: true - name: nginx-server-certs mountPath: /etc/nginx-server-certs readOnly: true volumes: - name: nginx-config configMap: name: nginx-configmap - name: nginx-server-certs secret: secretName: nginx-server-certs #儲存了NGINX服務的證書和私鑰 EOF
-
為了測試NGINX服務部署成功,向服務傳送不使用證書的方式請求,並校驗列印資訊是否正確:
$ kubectl exec -it $(kubectl get pod -l run=my-nginx -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name}) -c istio-proxy -- curl -v -k --resolve ... * Server certificate: * subject: CN=nginx.example.com; O=some organization * start date: May 25 02:09:02 2020 GMT * expire date: May 25 02:09:02 2021 GMT * issuer: O=example Inc.; CN=example.com * SSL certificate verify result: unable to get local issuer certificate (20), continuing anyway. ...
配置一個ingress gateway
-
定義一個gateway,埠為443.注意TLS的模式為
PASSTHROUGH
,表示gateway會放行ingress流量,不會終止TLS$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: Gateway metadata: name: mygateway spec: selector: istio: ingressgateway # use istio default ingress gateway servers: - port: number: 443 name: https protocol: HTTPS tls: mode: PASSTHROUGH #不終止TLS hosts: - nginx.example.com EOF
-
配置經過Gateway的流量路由
$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: nginx spec: hosts: - nginx.example.com gateways: - mygateway tls: - match: - port: 443 #將gateway的流量匯入kubernetes的my-nginx service sniHosts: - nginx.example.com route: - destination: host: my-nginx port: number: 443 EOF
-
根據指導配置
SECURE_INGRESS_PORT
和INGRESS_HOST
環境變數 -
通過ingress訪問nginx,可以看到訪問成功
$ curl -v --resolve nginx.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST --cacert example.com.crt https://nginx.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT ... * SSL connection using TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 * Server certificate: * subject: O=some organization,CN=nginx.example.com * start date: May 25 02:09:02 2020 GMT * expire date: May 25 02:09:02 2021 GMT * common name: nginx.example.com * issuer: CN=example.com,O=example Inc. ... <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> ...
解除安裝
-
移除kubernetes資源
$ kubectl delete secret nginx-server-certs $ kubectl delete configmap nginx-configmap $ kubectl delete service my-nginx $ kubectl delete deployment my-nginx $ kubectl delete gateway mygateway $ kubectl delete virtualservice nginx
-
刪除證書和金鑰
$ rm example.com.crt example.com.key nginx.example.com.crt nginx.example.com.key nginx.example.com.csr
-
刪除生成的配置檔案
$ rm ./nginx.conf