ASP.NET Core之Serilog、SEQ、ILogger構建視覺化日誌

tuqunfu發表於2024-06-17

一、前言

  在上一章節中使用NLog+SEQ+ILogger構建視覺化日誌,本章基於Serilog來構建視覺化日誌。Serilog是.NET中一款非常出色的結構化日誌的日誌庫,其與NLog對比在前一章節進行了說明。Serilog專案不僅僅包含核心專案Seirlog,而且還提供了很多接收器Sinks(超過100個),這些接收器是透過外掛的方式來實現將日誌寫入到各種終端、檔案、郵件、資料庫或日誌伺服器。

二、實踐

  第一步、安裝SEQ服務,並建立Serilog所需要的ApiKey。

  第二步:建立一個ASP.NET Core的應用,引入相關的包,如下所示。

<ItemGroup>
  <PackageReference Include="Serilog" Version="4.0.0" />
  <PackageReference Include="Serilog.AspNetCore" Version="8.0.1" />
  <PackageReference Include="Serilog.Enrichers.Environment" Version="3.0.0" />
  <PackageReference Include="Serilog.Expressions" Version="5.0.0" />
  <PackageReference Include="Serilog.Sinks.Async" Version="2.0.0" />
  <PackageReference Include="Serilog.Sinks.Console" Version="6.0.0" />
  <PackageReference Include="Serilog.Sinks.Seq" Version="8.0.0" />
</ItemGroup>

  上述安裝包主要包括Serilog(基礎包),Serilog.AspNetCore(ASP.NET Core應用包),Serilog.Enrichers.Environment(將系統環境資訊為日誌事件屬性記錄到日誌),並且提供豐富的Enrichers記錄詳細的日誌資訊,Serilog.Sinks.Async,Serilog.Sinks.Console,Serilog.Sinks.Seq都是Serilog非同步記錄寫入日誌檔案、寫入控制檯列印、非同步寫入Seq等接收器,Serilog提供豐富的接收器。

  第三步、完成上述操作,下一步在程式碼中實現日誌的收集、儲存、驗證查詢功能,日誌包含一般列印日誌、介面請求日誌,所以要對ILogger使用一般日誌,介面請求日誌進行處理,對於一般列印的日誌在上一章節介紹Serilog已經實踐了(映入安裝包、定義Log配置、注入Serilog的服務,然後在程式碼中使用ILogger記錄日誌),對於請求日誌則要使用中介軟體對請求進行處理(定義一個過濾器對介面請求Action相關上下文處理、定義一個特性對這個過濾器在Action方法上標記)。

  1、注入Serilog服務,定義一個服務擴充套件類,減少全部程式碼堆積在Program中,類名稱為ServiceCollectionExtensions,並且使用Serilog的Console日誌、檔案日誌、Seq日誌儲存程式碼如下。

using Serilog;
using Serilog.Events;
using Serilog.Sinks.SystemConsole.Themes;

namespace tqf.serilogSeq.Demo
{
    public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
    {
        public static IServiceCollection AddConfigSerilog(this IServiceCollection services, IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            var seqApiKey = configuration["seq:apiKey"].ToString();
            var seqServerUrl = configuration["seq:serverUrl"].ToString();

            Log.Logger = new LoggerConfiguration()
                .MinimumLevel.Debug()
                .MinimumLevel.Override("System", Serilog.Events.LogEventLevel.Debug)
                .MinimumLevel.Override("Microsoft", LogEventLevel.Debug)
                .MinimumLevel.Override("Microsoft.AspNetCore", LogEventLevel.Error)
                .MinimumLevel.Override("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Cors.Infrastructure.CorsService", LogEventLevel.Error)
                .MinimumLevel.Override("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc", LogEventLevel.Error)
                .MinimumLevel.Override("Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting", LogEventLevel.Error)
                // 全部日誌寫入到Console
                .WriteTo.Async(c=>c.Console(theme:AnsiConsoleTheme.Literate,
                outputTemplate: "[T] {Timestamp:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,fff} {MachineName}{NewLine}[L] [{Level}]{NewLine}[C] [{SourceContext}] {Message:lj}{NewLine}{Exception}{NewLine}"))

                // Information日誌寫入到檔案
                .WriteTo.Async(c => c.File(
                    path: "Logs/Information/.txt",
                    rollingInterval: RollingInterval.Day,
                    fileSizeLimitBytes: 1L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024,
                    retainedFileCountLimit: 31,
                    outputTemplate: "[T] {Timestamp:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,fff} {MachineName}{NewLine}[L] [{Level}]{NewLine}[C] [{SourceContext}] {Message:lj}{NewLine}{Exception}{NewLine}",
                    restrictedToMinimumLevel: LogEventLevel.Information))
                // Debug日誌寫入到檔案
                .WriteTo.Async(c => c.File(
                    path: "Logs/Debug/.txt",
                    rollingInterval: RollingInterval.Day,
                    fileSizeLimitBytes: 1L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024,
                    retainedFileCountLimit: 31,
                    outputTemplate: "[T] {Timestamp:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,fff} {MachineName}{NewLine}[L] [{Level}]{NewLine}[C] [{SourceContext}] {Message:lj}{NewLine}{Exception}{NewLine}",
                    restrictedToMinimumLevel: LogEventLevel.Debug))
                // Warning日誌寫入到檔案
                .WriteTo.Async(c => c.File(
                    path: "Logs/Warning/.txt",
                    rollingInterval: RollingInterval.Day,
                    fileSizeLimitBytes: 1L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024,
                    retainedFileCountLimit: 31,
                    outputTemplate: "[T] {Timestamp:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,fff} {MachineName}{NewLine}[L] [{Level}]{NewLine}[C] [{SourceContext}] {Message:lj}{NewLine}{Exception}{NewLine}",
                    restrictedToMinimumLevel: LogEventLevel.Warning))
                // Error日誌寫入到檔案
                .WriteTo.Async(c => c.File(
                    path: "Logs/Error/.txt",
                    rollingInterval: RollingInterval.Day,
                    fileSizeLimitBytes: 1L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024,
                    retainedFileCountLimit: 31,
                    outputTemplate: "[T] {Timestamp:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,fff} {MachineName}{NewLine}[L] [{Level}]{NewLine}[C] [{SourceContext}] {Message:lj}{NewLine}{Exception}{NewLine}",
                    restrictedToMinimumLevel: LogEventLevel.Error))
                // 全部日誌寫入到Seq
                .WriteTo.Async(c=>c.Seq(apiKey:seqApiKey,serverUrl:seqServerUrl))
                .Enrich.FromLogContext()
                .Enrich.WithMachineName()
                // 過濾請求:/health心跳
                .Filter.ByExcluding("RequestPath like '/health%'")
                .CreateBootstrapLogger();
            services.AddSerilog();
            return services;

        }
    }
}

  2、啟用中介軟體,定義一個ApplicationBuilder擴充套件類,減少中介軟體程式碼堆積在Program中,類名稱ApplicationBuilderExtensions,程式碼如下。

using Serilog;
using Serilog.Events;
using System.Net;

namespace tqf.serilogSeq.Demo
{
    /// <summary>
    /// ApplicationBuilder 擴充套件
    /// </summary>
    public static class ApplicationBuilderExtensions
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///  新增使用Serilog請求日誌
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="app"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IApplicationBuilder UseSerilogRequestLogging(this IApplicationBuilder app)
        {
            //允許body重用
            app.Use(next => context =>
            {
                context.Request.EnableBuffering();
                return next(context);
            });

            // 新增使用Serilog記錄請求日誌
            app.UseSerilogRequestLogging(options =>
            {
                // 請求日誌輸出模板
                options.MessageTemplate = "\n[R] {RequestMethod}={_RequestPath} | Status={StatusCode} | Time={Elapsed}ms\n[R] Req={_RequestBody} | Res={_ResponseBody}";

                // 發出除錯級別事件而不是預設事件,將請求日誌記錄到:Debug日誌
                options.GetLevel = (httpContext, elapsed, ex) => LogEventLevel.Debug;

                // 將其他屬性附加到請求完成事件,將請求屬性附加可以在模板中使用
                options.EnrichDiagnosticContext = (diagnosticContext, httpContext) =>
                {
                    diagnosticContext.Set("_RequestPath", WebUtility.UrlDecode(httpContext.Request.Path + httpContext.Request.QueryString));

                    //請求body
                    var requestContent = "";
                    var method = httpContext.Request.Method.ToLower();
                    if (method == "post" || method == "put")
                    {
                        httpContext.Request.Body.Position = 0;
                        var requestReader = new StreamReader(httpContext.Request.Body);
                        requestContent = requestReader.ReadToEnd();
                    }
                    diagnosticContext.Set("_RequestBody", requestContent);
                    diagnosticContext.Set("_Service", AppDomain.CurrentDomain.FriendlyName);
                };
            });

            return app;
        }
    }
}

  3、定義一個Filter類,對Action的請求進行過濾操作,類名稱RequestAuditLogFilter,程式碼如下。

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Filters;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Serilog;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace tqf.serilogSeq.Demo
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 請求過濾器
    /// </summary>
    public class RequestAuditLogFilter : IResultFilter
    {
        private readonly IDiagnosticContext _diagnosticContext;

        public RequestAuditLogFilter(IDiagnosticContext diagnosticContext) { _diagnosticContext = diagnosticContext; }

        public void OnResultExecuted(ResultExecutedContext context)
        {
            var result = context.Result as ObjectResult;
            var resultJson = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(result?.Value);
            _diagnosticContext.Set("_ResponseBody", resultJson);
        }

        public void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext context) { }
    }
}

  4、定義一個Attribute,實現過濾器標記在Action方法上,程式碼如下。

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace tqf.serilogSeq.Demo
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 請求特性,標籤要記錄請求日誌
    /// </summary>
    public class RequestAuditLogAttribute : TypeFilterAttribute
    {
        public RequestAuditLogAttribute() : base(typeof(RequestAuditLogFilter)) { }
    }

}

  5、在Program中使用擴充套件的ServiceCollection與ApplicationBuilder來注入Serilog的服務,啟用Serilog的中介軟體,程式碼如下。

using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;

namespace tqf.serilogSeq.Demo
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

            // Add services to the container.

            builder.Services.AddControllers();
            // 使用Serilog記錄日誌
            builder.Services.AddConfigSerilog(configuration: builder.Configuration);

            var app = builder.Build();

            // Configure the HTTP request pipeline.

            app.UseHttpsRedirection();

            app.UseAuthorization();
            // 使用Serilog記錄請求日誌
            app.UseSerilogRequestLogging();
            app.MapControllers();

            app.Run();
        }
    }
}

  6、在業務程式碼中使用日誌,程式碼如下,注意注入IDiagnosticContext例項,然後在Action新增定義的特性RequestAuditLog記錄請求日誌。

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Serilog;

namespace tqf.serilogSeq.Demo.Controllers
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 控制器
    /// </summary>
    [ApiController]
    [Route("[controller]")]
    public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase
    {
        private static readonly string[] Summaries = new[]
        {
            "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"
        };

        private readonly ILogger<WeatherForecastController> _logger;
        private readonly IDiagnosticContext _diagnosticContext;
        
        public WeatherForecastController(ILogger<WeatherForecastController> logger, IDiagnosticContext diagnosticContext)
        {
            _logger = logger;
            _diagnosticContext = diagnosticContext;
        }
        
        [HttpGet("LogInformation")]
        [RequestAuditLog]
        public string LogInformation()
        {
            return "ok";
        }

        [HttpGet("LogError")]
        [RequestAuditLog]
        public string LogError()
        {
            int a = 10;
            int b = 0;
            int c = a / b;
            return "ok";
        }

        [HttpPost("LogRequest")]
        [RequestAuditLog]
        public List<string> LogRequest([FromBody] List<string> input)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            {
                input.Add(Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
            }
            return input;
        }

        [HttpGet]
        [RequestAuditLog]
        public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> Get()
        {
            return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
            {
                Date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddDays(index)),
                TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                Summary = Summaries[Random.Shared.Next(Summaries.Length)]
            })
            .ToArray();
        }
    }
}

  7、在appsetting中配置上述的Seq的地址與Key資訊。

{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Information",
      "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Warning"
    }
  },
  "Seq": {
    "apiKey": "GgnrgKNNuwBsP1JHbPLb",
    "serverUrl": "http://localhost:5341"

  },
  "AllowedHosts": "*"
}

  第四步、校驗結果,執行程式,透過檢視Console、檔案、SEQ是否儲存相關日誌資料,及其資料格式項。

  如上所示,在三個型別的接收器都接受到相關的資料型別和格式資訊,很好完成日誌記錄的功能。

三、總結

  透過上述的實踐,Serilog+SEQ+ILogger,提供高可擴充套件、高靈活性的日誌記錄服務功能,並且透過上述的擴充套件類,過濾器、特性、配置項的方式,提供一個低程式碼入侵的思想,對於日誌管理真正最佳化的實現了。

參考:https://www.cnblogs.com/heyangyi/p/18082599,https://www.cnblogs.com/RainFate/p/16869403.html

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