ORACLE 11G RAC 更改OCR磁碟組extenrnal 為normal

原文地址http://www.itpub.net/thread-1580669-1-1.html

1 概述1.1 環境

在安裝ASM磁碟時採用了extenrnal的冗餘模式，現在需要將冗餘模式改為normail的冗餘模式。

1.2 三種冗餘模式1.2.1 EXTERNAL模式

External redundancy（1OCR and no copies）

An external redundancy disk group requires a minimum of one disk device.

The effective disk space in an external redundancy disk group is the sum of the disk space in all of its devices.

Because Automatic Storage Management does not mirror data in an external

redundancy disk group, Oracle recommends that you use external redundancy with storage devices such as RAID, or other similar devices that provide their own data protection mechanisms.

1.2.2 NORMAL模式

Normal redundancy（1 OCR and 2 copies ）

In a normal redundancy disk group, to increase performance and reliability,

Automatic Storage Management by default uses two-way mirroring. A normal

redundancy disk group requires a minimum of two disk devices (or two

failure groups). The effective disk space in a normal redundancy disk group is

half the sum of the disk space in all of its devices.

For Oracle Clusterware files, Normal redundancy disk groups provide 3

voting disk files, 1 OCR and 2 copies (one primary and one secondary mirror).

With normal redundancy, the cluster can survive the loss of one failure group.

For most installations, Oracle recommends that you select normal redundancy.

1.2.3 HIGH模式

High redundancy（1 OCR and 3 copies ）

In a high redundancy disk group, Automatic Storage Management uses

three-way mirroring to increase performance and provide the highest level of

reliability. A high redundancy disk group requires a minimum of three disk

devices (or three failure groups). The effective disk space in a high redundancy

disk group is one-third the sum of the disk space in all of its devices.

For Oracle Clusterware files, High redundancy disk groups provide 5 voting

disk files, 1 OCR and 3 copies (one primary and two secondary mirrors). With

high redundancy, the cluster can survive the loss of two failure groups.

While high redundancy disk groups do provide a high level of data protection,

you should consider the greater cost of additional storage devices before

deciding to select high redundancy disk groups.

1.3 METALINK文件描述

[ID 428681.1]

題目：OCR / Vote disk Maintenance Operations: (ADD/REMOVE/REPLACE/MOVE)

11.2+:

From 11.2, votedisk can be stored on either ASM diskgroup or cluster file systems. The following commands can only be executed when GI is running either in cluster mode or exclusive mode. As grid user:

1. To add a Voting Disk

a. When votedisk is on cluster file system:

$ crsctl add css votedisk <VOTEDISK_LOCATION/filename>

b. When votedisk is on ASM diskgroup, no add option available. The number of votedisk is determined by the diskgroup redundancy. If more copy of votedisk is desired, one can move votedisk to a diskgroup with higher redundancy.

2. To delete a Voting Disk

a. When votedisk is on cluster file system:

$ crsctl delete css votedisk <VOTEDISK_LOCATION/filename>

b. When votedisk is on ASM, no delete option available, one can only replace the existing votedisk group with another ASM diskgroup

3. To move a Voting Disk

a. When votedisk is on cluster file system:

$ crsctl add css votedisk <NEW VOTEDISK_LOCATION/filename>

$ crsctl delete css votedisk <OLD VOTEDISK_LOCATION/filename>

b. When votedisk is on ASM or moving votedisk between cluster file system and ASM diskgroup

$ crsctl replace votedisk <+diskgroup>|<vdisk>

eg:

move to cluster file system:

$ crsctl replace votedisk /shared/vote.dat

Now formatting voting disk: /shared/vote.dat.

CRS-4256: Updating the profile

Successful addition of voting disk 32ff90ab38a04f65bf0c428c8fea9721.

Successful deletion of voting disk 3d34623f09b64f9dbfa44fabf455513e.

Successful deletion of voting disk 7043c38000a24f1abf36473ca7e9cd9e.

Successful deletion of voting disk 18de241007df4f9cbf3fbb4193f0ecb4.

CRS-4256: Updating the profile

CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced

more to ASM diskgroup:

$ crsctl replace votedisk +OCRVOTE

CRS-4256: Updating the profile

Successful addition of voting disk 3d34623f09b64f9dbfa44fabf455513e.

Successful addition of voting disk 7043c38000a24f1abf36473ca7e9cd9e.

Successful addition of voting disk 18de241007df4f9cbf3fbb4193f0ecb4.

Successful deletion of voting disk a32c9b158e644fabbfdcc239c76f22a0.

Successfully replaced voting disk group with +CRS.

CRS-4256: Updating the profile

CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced

1.4 聯機文件描述

One reason to drop a disk group is to change the redundancy level (normal, high, or external). Because you cannot change the redundancy of a disk group, you must drop the disk group and then re-create it with the proper redundancy. In this case, you must back up or move disk group data before you drop the disk group

1.5 小結

如果要想改變asm磁碟組的冗餘方式，就必須刪除並重建磁碟組。

2 移走OCR磁碟內容2.1 備份2.1.1 備份OCR

ocrconfig –export /tmp/ocr.bak

或

ocrconfig –manualbackup

$ ocrconfig -showbackup

node2 2012/02/24 12:09:34 /u01/grid/cdata/PMSBIPD/backup00.ocr

node2 2012/02/24 08:03:21 /u01/grid/cdata/PMSBIPD/backup01.ocr

node2 2012/02/24 04:03:21 /u01/grid/cdata/PMSBIPD/backup02.ocr

node2 2012/02/22 19:38:28 /u01/grid/cdata/PMSBIPD/day.ocr

node2 2012/02/10 11:48:21 /u01/grid/cdata/PMSBIPD/week.ocr

PROT-25: Manual backups for the Oracle Cluster Registry are not available

2.1.2 備份VOTEDISK

In Oracle Clusterware 11g release 2 (11.2), you no longer have to back up the voting disk. The voting disk data is automatically backed up in OCR as part of any configuration change and is automatically restored to any voting disk added. If all voting disks are corrupted, however, you can restore them as described in "Restoring Voting Disks".---聯機文件說不需要備份votedisk，可以使用dd備份

2.1.2.1 檢視VOTEDISK位置

$ crsctl query css votedisk

## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group

-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------

1. ONLINE 077fcbf9dd704f03bf95d2b1490208f2 (/dev/rdisk/disk444) [OCR_ORCL]

Located 1 voting disk(s).

2.1.2.2 備份

備份votedisk盤：

[root@node1 bin]# dd if=/dev/raw/raw5 of=/home/oracle/voting_disk.bak

256977+0 records in

256977+0 records out

2.1.2.3 恢復

恢復votedisk盤（如果真需要恢復的話）：

[root@node1 bin]# dd if=/home/oracle/voting_disk.bak of=/dev/raw/raw5

256977+0 records in

256977+0 records out

2.1.3 備份ASM引數檔案

在OCR的磁碟組裡，有OCR、VOTEDISK、ASM的SPFILE引數檔案，但是這裡ASM的引數檔案是不需要備份的，因為我們一會在改ASM引數檔案位置的時候，會生產PFILE檔案，那時就已經是備份了。

2.2 移動OCR

備註：這裡將OCR移動到DATA_ORCL這個磁碟組上，在一個節點操作即可。

當OCR只有一份時，如果移動則會報錯

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrconfig -replace OCR_ORCL -replacement DATA_ORCL

PROT-28: Cannot delete or replace the only configured Oracle Cluster Registry location

2.2.1 新增一份OCR

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrconfig -add +DATA_ORCL

2.2.2 檢查OCR位置

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrcheck

Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :

Version : 3

Total space (kbytes) : 262120

Used space (kbytes) : 2852

Available space (kbytes) : 259268

ID : 941087888

Device/File Name : +OCR_ORCL

Device/File integrity check succeeded

Device/File Name : +DATA_ORCL

Device/File integrity check succeeded

Device/File not configured

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

Logical corruption check succeeded

2.2.3 刪除一份OCR

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrconfig -delete +OCR_ORCL

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrcheck

Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :

Version : 3

Total space (kbytes) : 262120

Used space (kbytes) : 2852

Available space (kbytes) : 259268

ID : 941087888

Device/File Name : +DATA_ORCL

Device/File integrity check succeeded

Device/File not configured

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

Logical corruption check succeeded

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]cat /var/opt/oracle/ocr.loc

#Device/file +OCR_ORCL getting replaced by device +DATA_ORCL

ocrconfig_loc=+DATA_ORCL

2.3 移動VOTEDISK

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./crsctl replace votedisk +DATA_ORCL

Successful addition of voting disk 21dffc4c1ef84feebfaf2340c61853ba.

Successful deletion of voting disk 077fcbf9dd704f03bf95d2b1490208f2.

Successfully replaced voting disk group with +DATA_ORCL.

CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./crsctl query css votedisk

## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group

-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------

1. ONLINE 21dffc4c1ef84feebfaf2340c61853ba (/dev/rdisk/disk447) [DATA_ORCL]

備註：在一個節點操作即可。

2.4 移動ASM引數檔案2.4.1 檢視ASM位置

$sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile string +OCR_ORCL/pmsbipd/asmparameterfile/registry.253.760201253

2.4.2 建立PFILE

SQL> create pfile='/home/grid/asminit.ora' from spfile='+OCR_ORCL/pmsbipd/asmparameterfile/registry.253.760201253';

File created.

2.4.3 檢視PFILE內容

$ cat asminit.ora

+ASM2.asm_diskgroups='DATA_ORCL','REDO_ORCL'#Manual Mount

+ASM1.asm_diskgroups='DATA_ORCL','REDO_ORCL'#Manual Mount

*.asm_power_limit=1

*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/oracle'

*.instance_type='asm'

*.large_pool_size=12M

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

2.4.4 關閉ASM例項

NODE2#[/u01/grid/bin]./srvctl stop asm -o abort -f

2.4.5 以PFILE啟動ASM例項

$sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL> startup pfile='/home/grid/asminit.ora';

ASM instance started

Total System Global Area 283930624 bytes

Fixed Size 2169104 bytes

Variable Size 256595696 bytes

ASM Cache 25165824 bytes

ASM diskgroups mounted

SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile string

2.4.6 建立SPFILE

SQL> create spfile='+DATA_ORCL' from pfile='/home/grid/asminit.ora';

File created.

2.4.7 以SPFILE啟動ASM例項

NODE2#[/u01/grid/bin]./srvctl stop asm -o abort -f

$sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL> startup

ASM instance started

Total System Global Area 283930624 bytes

Fixed Size 2169104 bytes

Variable Size 256595696 bytes

ASM Cache 25165824 bytes

ASM diskgroups mounted

SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME TYPE VALUE

-------------- -----------------------------

spfile string +DATA_ORCL/pmsbipd/asmparameterfile/registry.253.776257911

2.4.8 節點二重啟CLUSTER

將另一個節點的cluster重啟以保證asm的spfile是新的引數檔案

此時最好是將2個節點的cluster都重啟下，讓所有的資源都正常。

3 刪除OCR磁碟組3.1 檢視OCR磁碟組狀態

節點一：

SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME STATE

------------------------------ -----------

DATA_ORCL MOUNTED

REDO_ORCL MOUNTED

OCR_ORCL DISMOUNTED

節點二：

SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME STATE

------------------------------ -----------

DATA_ORCL MOUNTED

REDO_ORCL MOUNTED

OCR_ORCL DISMOUNTED

3.2 檢視OCR磁碟組包括的磁碟

SQL> select name,GROUP_NUMBER ,DISK_NUMBER,state,REDUNDANCY ,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB,path from v$asm_disk where name like 'OCR%';

NAME GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER STATE REDUNDA TOTAL_MB FREE_MB PATH

------------------------------ ------------ ----------- -------- ------- ---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------

OCR_ORCL_0000 1 0 NORMAL UNKNOWN 1031 844 /dev/rdisk/disk444

OCR_ORCL_0001 1 1 NORMAL UNKNOWN 1031 908 /dev/rdisk/disk445

OCR_ORCL_0002 1 2 NORMAL UNKNOWN 1031 909 /dev/rdisk/disk446

3.3 節點2解除安裝OCR磁碟

備註：節點一不解除安裝

SQL> alter diskgroup OCR_ORCL dismount ;

Diskgroup altered.

SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME STATE

------------------------------ -----------

DATA_ORCL MOUNTED

REDO_ORCL MOUNTED

OCR_ORCL DISMOUNTED

3.4 OCR磁碟組刪除

備註：在節點一操作

SQL> drop diskgroup OCR_ORCL including contents;

Diskgroup dropped.

3.5 兩節點檢視

SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME STATE

------------------------------ -----------

DATA_ORCL MOUNTED

REDO_ORCL MOUNTED

SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME STATE

------------------------------ -----------

DATA_ORCL MOUNTED

REDO_ORCL MOUNTED

4 ASMCA重建OCR磁碟組4.1 開啟4.2 建立注意選擇normal冗餘 4.3 完成4.4 檢視狀態

SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME STATE

------------------------------ -----------

DATA_ORCL MOUNTED

REDO_ORCL MOUNTED

OCR_ORCL MOUNTED

5 將資訊移回OCR磁碟組5.1 OCR移回5.1.1 檢視OCR位置

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrcheck

Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :

Version : 3

Total space (kbytes) : 262120

Used space (kbytes) : 2852

Available space (kbytes) : 259268

ID : 941087888

Device/File Name : +DATA_ORCL

Device/File integrity check succeeded

Device/File not configured

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

./ Logical corruption check succeeded

5.1.2 新增一份OCR

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrconfig -add +OCR_ORCL

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrcheck

Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :

Version : 3

Total space (kbytes) : 262120

Used space (kbytes) : 2852

Available space (kbytes) : 259268

ID : 941087888

Device/File Name : +DATA_ORCL

Device/File integrity check succeeded

Device/File Name : +OCR_ORCL

Device/File integrity check succeeded

Device/File not configured

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

Logical corruption check succeeded

5.1.3 刪除一份OCR

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrconfig -delete +DATA_ORCL

NODE2#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrcheck

Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :

Version : 3

Total space (kbytes) : 262120

Used space (kbytes) : 2852

Available space (kbytes) : 259268

ID : 941087888

Device/File Name : +OCR_ORCL

Device/File integrity check succeeded

Device/File not configured

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

Logical corruption check succeeded

5.2 VOTEDISK移回

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./crsctl query css votedisk

## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group

-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------

1. ONLINE 21dffc4c1ef84feebfaf2340c61853ba (/dev/rdisk/disk447) [DATA_ORCL]

Located 1 voting disk(s).

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./crsctl replace votedisk +OCR_ORCL

Successful addition of voting disk 57ebf38a74524fbebf146a38ef3e1088.

Successful addition of voting disk 376ef62cf1c14febbfd6635bd9786366.

Successful addition of voting disk 6658efafcb194f7cbff49fa4bb8b5408.

Successful deletion of voting disk 21dffc4c1ef84feebfaf2340c61853ba.

Successfully replaced voting disk group with +OCR_ORCL.

CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./crsctl query css votedisk

## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group

-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------

1. ONLINE 57ebf38a74524fbebf146a38ef3e1088 (/dev/rdisk/disk444) [OCR_ORCL]

2. ONLINE 376ef62cf1c14febbfd6635bd9786366 (/dev/rdisk/disk445) [OCR_ORCL]

3. ONLINE 6658efafcb194f7cbff49fa4bb8b5408 (/dev/rdisk/disk446) [OCR_ORCL]

Located 3 voting disk(s).

5.3 ASM引數檔案移回5.3.1 建立PFILE

$ sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------- -----------------------

spfile string +DATA_ORCL/pmsbipd/asmparameterfile/registry.253.776257911

SQL> create pfile='/home/grid/asmocrinit.ora' from spfile='+DATA_ORCL/pmsbipd/asmparameterfile/registry.253.776257911';

File created.

5.3.2 關閉ASM例項

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./srvctl stop asm -o abort -f

5.3.3 啟動ASM例項

$ sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL> startup pfile='/home/grid/asmocrinit.ora';

ASM instance started

Total System Global Area 283930624 bytes

Fixed Size 2169104 bytes

Variable Size 256595696 bytes

ASM Cache 25165824 bytes

ASM diskgroups mounted

5.3.4建立SPFILE

SQL> create spfile='+OCR_ORCL' from pfile='/home/grid/asmocrinit.ora';

File created.

5.3.5 關閉ASM例項

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./srvctl stop asm -o abort -f

5.3.6 節點一啟動CLUSTER

NODE1#[/u01/grid/bin]./crsctl start cluster -n node1

5.3.7 節點二啟動CLUSTER

NODE2#[/u01/grid/bin]./crsctl start cluster -n node2

6 檢視OCR、VOTEDISK、ASM引數檔案位置6.1 檢視OCR位置

NODE2#[/u01/grid/bin]./ocrcheck

Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :

Version : 3

Total space (kbytes) : 262120

Used space (kbytes) : 2852

Available space (kbytes) : 259268

ID : 941087888

Device/File Name : +OCR_ORCL

Device/File integrity check succeeded

Device/File not configured

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

Logical corruption check succeeded

6.2 檢視VOTEDISK位置

NODE2#[/u01/grid/bin]./crsctl query css votedisk

## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group

-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------

1. ONLINE 57ebf38a74524fbebf146a38ef3e1088 (/dev/rdisk/disk444) [OCR_ORCL]

2. ONLINE 376ef62cf1c14febbfd6635bd9786366 (/dev/rdisk/disk445) [OCR_ORCL]

3. ONLINE 6658efafcb194f7cbff49fa4bb8b5408 (/dev/rdisk/disk446) [OCR_ORCL]

Located 3 voting disk(s).

6.3 檢視ASM引數檔案位置

$ sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Feb 26 14:31:43 2012

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options

SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME TYPE VALUE

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ORACLE 11G RAC 更改OCR磁碟組extenrnal 為normal

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