oracle 安全性引數

Oracle Database11g 增加了一組新引數以加強資料庫的預設安全性。這些引數是系統範圍的靜態引數。

（1）使用區分大小寫的口令以加強安全性

新引數SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON使您可以設定區分大小寫的使用者口令。Oracle 建議保留預設設定TRUE。將此引數設定為FALSE 可指定不區分大小寫的口令以實現向後相容性。

ALTER SYSTEM SETSEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON = FALSE

注：禁用區分大小寫會使口令在強力攻擊面前變得更脆弱。

（2）防止拒絕服務(DoS) 攻擊

SEC_PROTOCOL_ERROR_FURTHER_ACTION引數：指定了要對客戶機連線執行的操作：繼續、斷開連線或延遲接受請求。

SEC_PROTOCOL_ERROR_TRACE_ACTION引數：指定了監視操作：NONE、TRACE、LOG 或ALERT。

（3）防止強力攻擊

新的初始化引數SEC_MAX_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS的預設設定為10，表示在連線嘗試達到指定次數後會自動斷開連線。即使未啟用口令概要檔案，也會強制實施此引數。

此引數可以防止程式連線到資料庫，然後成百上千次地嘗試口令以透過驗證。

SEC_PROTOCOL_ERROR_FURTHER_ACTION

SEC_PROTOCOL_ERROR_FURTHER_ACTION  specifies the further execution of a server 

process when receiving bad packets from a possibly malicious client.

Values:

■ CONTINUE

The server process continues execution. The database server may be subject to a 

Denial of Service (DoS) if bad packets cont inue to be sent by a malicious client.

■ (DELAY,integer)

The client experiences a delay of  integer  seconds before the server process accepts 

the next request from the same client co nnection. Malicious cl ients are prevented 

from excessive consumption of server resources while legitimate clients experience 

a degradation in performance but can continue to function.

■ (DROP, integer)

The server forcefully terminates the client connection after  integer  cumulative bad 

packets. The server protects itself at the ex pense of the client (for example, a client 

transaction may be lost). The client may reconnect and attempt the same 

operation.

Property Description

Parameter type Integer

Default value 10

Modifiable No

Range of values 1 to unlimited

Basic No

Property Description

Parameter type String

Syntax SEC_PROTOCOL_ERROR_FURTHER_ACTION = { CONTINUE | 

(DELAY,integer) | (DROP, integer) }

Default value CONTINUE

Modifiable ALTER SESSION ,  ALTER SYSTEM

Basic No

SEC_PROTOCOL_ERROR_TRACE_ACTION

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SEC_PROTOCOL_ERROR_TRACE_ACTION

SEC_PROTOCOL_ERROR_TRACE_ACTION  specifies the action th at the database should 

take when bad packets are received  from a possibly malicious client.

Values:

■ NONE

The database server ignores the bad packets and does not generate any trace files 

or log messages.

■ TRACE

A detailed trace file is generated when bad packets are received, which can be 

used to debug any problems in client/server communication.

■ LOG

A minimal log message is printed in the alert logfile and in the server trace file. A 

minimal amount of disk space is used.

■ ALERT

An alert message is sent to a DBA or monitoring console.