前言
我們可以通過呼叫Context的startService來啟動Service,也可以通過Context的bindService來繫結Service,建議閱讀此篇文章前請閱讀Android深入四大元件(二)Service的啟動過程這篇文章,知識點重疊的部分,本篇文章將不再贅述。
1.ContextImpl到ActivityManageService的呼叫過程
我們可以用bindService方法來繫結Service,它的實現在ContextWrapper中,程式碼如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/ContextWrapper.java
@Override
public boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,
int flags) {
return mBase.bindService(service, conn, flags);
}複製程式碼
這裡mBase具體指向就是ContextImpl,不明白的請檢視 Android深入四大元件(二)Service的啟動過程這篇文章。接著檢視ContextImpl的bindService方法:
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java
@Override
public boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,
int flags) {
warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
return bindServiceCommon(service, conn, flags, mMainThread.getHandler(),
Process.myUserHandle());
}複製程式碼
在bindService方法中,又return了bindServiceCommon方法,程式碼如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java
private boolean bindServiceCommon(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags, Handler
handler, UserHandle user) {
IServiceConnection sd;
if (conn == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("connection is null");
}
if (mPackageInfo != null) {
sd = mPackageInfo.getServiceDispatcher(conn, getOuterContext(), handler, flags);//1
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("Not supported in system context");
}
validateServiceIntent(service);
try {
...
/**
* 2
*/
int res = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().bindService(
mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), getActivityToken(), service,
service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver()),
sd, flags, getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());
...
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
}複製程式碼
在註釋1處呼叫了LoadedApk型別的物件mPackageInfo的getServiceDispatcher方法,它的主要作用是將ServiceConnection封裝為IServiceConnection型別的物件sd,從IServiceConnection的名字我們就能得知它實現了Binder機制,這樣Service的繫結就支援了跨程式。接著在註釋2處我們又看見了熟悉的程式碼,最終會呼叫AMS的bindService方法。
ContextImpl到ActivityManageService的呼叫過程如下面的時序圖所示。
2.Service的繫結過程
AMS的bindService方法程式碼如下所示。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
public int bindService(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token, Intent service,
String resolvedType, IServiceConnection connection, int flags, String callingPackage,
int userId) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
enforceNotIsolatedCaller("bindService");
...
synchronized(this) {
return mServices.bindServiceLocked(caller, token, service,
resolvedType, connection, flags, callingPackage, userId);
}
}複製程式碼
bindService方法最後會呼叫ActiveServices型別的物件mServices的bindServiceLocked方法:
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActiveServices.java
int bindServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token, Intent service,
String resolvedType, final IServiceConnection connection, int flags,
String callingPackage, final int userId) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
...
if ((flags&Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE) != 0) {
s.lastActivity = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
/**
* 1
*/
if (bringUpServiceLocked(s, service.getFlags(), callerFg, false,
permissionsReviewRequired) != null) {
return 0;
}
}
...
if (s.app != null && b.intent.received) {//2
try {
c.conn.connected(s.name, b.intent.binder);//3
} catch (Exception e) {
...
}
if (b.intent.apps.size() == 1 && b.intent.doRebind) {//4
requestServiceBindingLocked(s, b.intent, callerFg, true);//5
}
} else if (!b.intent.requested) {//6
requestServiceBindingLocked(s, b.intent, callerFg, false);//7
}
getServiceMap(s.userId).ensureNotStartingBackground(s);
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
return 1;
}複製程式碼
在註釋1處會bringUpServiceLocked方法,在bringUpServiceLocked方法中又會呼叫realStartServiceLocked方法,最終由ActivityThread來呼叫Service的onCreate方法啟動Service,這一過程在Android深入四大元件(二)Service的啟動過程這篇文章中已經講過,這裡不再贅述。
在註釋2處s.app != null 表示Service已經執行,其中s是ServiceRecord型別物件,app是ProcessRecord型別物件。b.intent.received表示當前應用程式程式的Client端已經接收到繫結Service時返回的Binder,這樣應用程式程式的Client端就可以通過Binder來獲取要繫結的Service的訪問介面。註釋3處呼叫c.conn的connected方法,其中c.conn指的是IServiceConnection,它的具體實現為ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection,其中ServiceDispatcher是LoadedApk的內部類,InnerConnection的connected方法內部會呼叫H的post方法向主執行緒傳送訊息,從而解決當前應用程式程式和Service跨程式通訊的問題,在後面會詳細介紹這一過程。
在註釋4處如果當前應用程式程式的Client端第一次與Service進行繫結的,並且Service已經呼叫過onUnBind方法,則需要呼叫註釋5的程式碼。
註釋6處如果應用程式程式的Client端沒有傳送過繫結Service的請求,則會呼叫註釋7的程式碼,註釋7和註釋5的程式碼區別就是最後一個引數rebind為false,表示不是重新繫結。
接著我們檢視註釋7的requestServiceBindingLocked方法,程式碼如下所示。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActiveServices.java
private final boolean requestServiceBindingLocked(ServiceRecord r, IntentBindRecord i,
boolean execInFg, boolean rebind) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
...
if ((!i.requested || rebind) && i.apps.size() > 0) {//1
try {
bumpServiceExecutingLocked(r, execInFg, "bind");
r.app.forceProcessStateUpTo(ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_SERVICE);
r.app.thread.scheduleBindService(r, i.intent.getIntent(), rebind,
r.app.repProcState);//2
...
}
...
}
return true;
}複製程式碼
註釋1處i.requested表示是否傳送過繫結Service的請求,從前面的程式碼得知是沒有傳送過,因此,!i.requested為true。從前面的程式碼得知rebind值為false,那麼(!i.requested || rebind)的值為true。如果IntentBindRecord中的應用程式程式記錄大於0,則會呼叫註釋2的程式碼,r.app.thread的型別為IApplicationThread,它的實現我們已經很熟悉了,是ActivityThread的內部類ApplicationThread,scheduleBindService方法如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
public final void scheduleBindService(IBinder token, Intent intent,
boolean rebind, int processState) {
updateProcessState(processState, false);
BindServiceData s = new BindServiceData();
s.token = token;
s.intent = intent;
s.rebind = rebind;
if (DEBUG_SERVICE)
Slog.v(TAG, "scheduleBindService token=" + token + " intent=" + intent + " uid="
+ Binder.getCallingUid() + " pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid());
sendMessage(H.BIND_SERVICE, s);
}複製程式碼
首先將Service的資訊封裝成BindServiceData物件,需要注意的BindServiceData的成員變數rebind的值為false,後面會用到它。接著將BindServiceData傳入到sendMessage方法中。sendMessage向H傳送訊息,我們接著檢視H的handleMessage方法。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
switch (msg.what) {
...
case BIND_SERVICE:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceBind");
handleBindService((BindServiceData)msg.obj);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
...
}
...
}
...
}複製程式碼
H在接收到BIND_SERVICE型別訊息時,會在handleMessage方法中會呼叫handleBindService方法:
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
private void handleBindService(BindServiceData data) {
Service s = mServices.get(data.token);//1
if (DEBUG_SERVICE)
Slog.v(TAG, "handleBindService s=" + s + " rebind=" + data.rebind);
if (s != null) {
try {
data.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(s.getClassLoader());
data.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
try {
if (!data.rebind) {//2
IBinder binder = s.onBind(data.intent);//3
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().publishService(
data.token, data.intent, binder);//4
} else {
s.onRebind(data.intent);//5
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().serviceDoneExecuting(
data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_ANON, 0, 0);
}
ensureJitEnabled();
}
...
}
...
}
}複製程式碼
註釋1處獲取要繫結的Service 。註釋2處的BindServiceData的成員變數rebind的值為false,這樣會呼叫註釋3處的程式碼來呼叫Service的onBind方法,這樣Service處於繫結狀態了。如果rebind的值為true就會呼叫註釋5處的Service的onRebind方法,結合前文的bindServiceLocked方法的註釋4處,我們得知如果當前應用程式程式的Client端第一次與Service進行繫結,並且Service已經呼叫過onUnBind方法,則會呼叫Service的onRebind方法。
接著檢視註釋4的程式碼,實際上是呼叫AMS的publishService方法。
講到這,先給出這一部分的程式碼時序圖(不包括Service啟動過程)
我們接著來檢視AMS的publishService方法,程式碼如下所示。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
public void publishService(IBinder token, Intent intent, IBinder service) {
...
synchronized(this) {
if (!(token instanceof ServiceRecord)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid service token");
}
mServices.publishServiceLocked((ServiceRecord)token, intent, service);
}
}複製程式碼
publishService方法中,呼叫了ActiveServices型別的mServices物件的publishServiceLocked方法:
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActiveServices.java
void publishServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, Intent intent, IBinder service) {
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
try {
...
for (int conni=r.connections.size()-1; conni>=0; conni--) {
ArrayList<ConnectionRecord> clist = r.connections.valueAt(conni);
for (int i=0; i<clist.size(); i++) {
...
try {
c.conn.connected(r.name, service);//1
} catch (Exception e) {
...
}
}
}
}
serviceDoneExecutingLocked(r, mDestroyingServices.contains(r), false);
}
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
}複製程式碼
註釋1處的程式碼,我在前面介紹過,c.conn指的是IServiceConnection,它的具體實現為ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection,其中ServiceDispatcher是LoadedApk的內部類,ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnectiond的connected方法的程式碼如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java
static final class ServiceDispatcher {
...
private static class InnerConnection extends IServiceConnection.Stub {
final WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> mDispatcher;
InnerConnection(LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd) {
mDispatcher = new WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>(sd);
}
public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) throws RemoteException {
LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = mDispatcher.get();
if (sd != null) {
sd.connected(name, service);//1
}
}
}
...
}複製程式碼
在註釋1處呼叫了ServiceDispatcher 型別的sd物件的connected方法,程式碼如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java
public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
if (mActivityThread != null) {
mActivityThread.post(new RunConnection(name, service, 0));//1
} else {
doConnected(name, service);
}
}複製程式碼
註釋1處呼叫Handler型別的物件mActivityThread的post方法,mActivityThread實際上指向的是H。因此,通過呼叫H的post方法將RunConnection物件的內容執行在主執行緒中。RunConnection的定義如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java
private final class RunConnection implements Runnable {
RunConnection(ComponentName name, IBinder service, int command) {
mName = name;
mService = service;
mCommand = command;
}
public void run() {
if (mCommand == 0) {
doConnected(mName, mService);
} else if (mCommand == 1) {
doDeath(mName, mService);
}
}
final ComponentName mName;
final IBinder mService;
final int mCommand;
}複製程式碼
在RunConnection的run方法中呼叫了doConnected方法:
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java
public void doConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
...
// If there was an old service, it is not disconnected.
if (old != null) {
mConnection.onServiceDisconnected(name);
}
// If there is a new service, it is now connected.
if (service != null) {
mConnection.onServiceConnected(name, service);//1
}
}複製程式碼
在註釋1處呼叫了ServiceConnection型別的物件mConnection的onServiceConnected方法,這樣在客戶端中實現了ServiceConnection介面的類的onServiceConnected方法就會被執行。至此,Service的繫結過程就分析到這。
最後給出剩餘部分的程式碼時序圖。
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