C#的Dictionary型別的值,知道key後,value可以修改嗎?答案是肯定能修改的。我在遍歷的過程中可以修改Value嗎?答案是也是肯定能修改的,但是不能用For each迴圈。否則會報以下的Exception.
System.InvalidOperationException: `Collection was modified; enumeration operation may not execute.`
之所以會報Exception是For each本身的問題,和Dictionary沒關係。For each迴圈不能改變集合中各項的值,如果需要迭代並改變集合項中的值,請用For迴圈。
大家來看下例子:
1 // defined the Dictionary variable 2 Dictionary<int, string> td = new Dictionary<int, string>(); 3 td.Add(1, "str1"); 4 td.Add(2, "str2"); 5 td.Add(3, "str3"); 6 td.Add(4, "str4"); 7 // test for 8 TestForDictionary(td); 9 // test for each 10 TestForEachDictionary(td);
TestForDictionary Code
1 static void TestForDictionary(Dictionary<int, string> paramTd) 2 { 3 4 for (int i = 1;i<= paramTd.Keys.Count;i++) 5 { 6 paramTd[i] = "string" + i; 7 Console.WriteLine(paramTd[i]); 8 } 9 }
TestForDictionary的執行結果
string1
string2
string3
string4
TestForEachDictionary Code
1 static void TestForEachDictionary(Dictionary<int, string> paramTd) 2 { 3 int forEachCnt = 1; 4 foreach (KeyValuePair<int,string> item in paramTd)//System.InvalidOperationException: `Collection was modified; enumeration operation may not execute.` 5 { 6 paramTd[item.Key] = "forEach" + forEachCnt; 7 Console.WriteLine(paramTd[item.Key]); 8 forEachCnt += 1; 9 } 10 }
TestForEachDictionary裡的For each會在迴圈第二次的時候報錯,也就是說它會在視窗中列印出“forEach1”後斷掉。
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為什麼For each迴圈不能改變集合中各項的值
首先,我們知道要使用Foreach in語句需要滿足下列條件:
1.迭代集合實現了System.Collections.IEnumerable或者System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<T>介面;
2.有public Enumerator GetEnumerator();方法
3.GetEnumerator的返回型別是Enumerator,那就必須有Current屬性和MoveNext方法
其實1,2,3是一個東西,關聯性很強。
我迭代的集合是Dictionary,我把Dictionary的程式碼片段貼出來:
1 [ComVisible(false)] 2 [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")] 3 [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(Generic.Mscorlib_DictionaryDebugView<,>))] 4 [DefaultMember("Item")] 5 public class Dictionary<TKey, TValue> : IDictionary<TKey, TValue>, ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IEnumerable, IDictionary, ICollection, IReadOnlyDictionary<TKey, TValue>, IReadOnlyCollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback 6 { 7 ... 8 }
Dictionary也有無參公共方法GetEnumerator
1 // 2 // Summary: 3 // Returns an enumerator that iterates through the System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2. 4 // 5 // Returns: 6 // A System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2.Enumerator structure for the System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2. 7 public Enumerator GetEnumerator();
其實最主要的是Enumerator介面,我們看看它的程式碼:
1 namespace System.Collections 2 { 3 // 4 // Summary: 5 // Supports a simple iteration over a non-generic collection. 6 [ComVisible(true)] 7 [Guid("496B0ABF-CDEE-11d3-88E8-00902754C43A")] 8 public interface IEnumerator 9 { 10 // 11 // Summary: 12 // Gets the element in the collection at the current position of the enumerator. 13 // 14 // Returns: 15 // The element in the collection at the current position of the enumerator. 16 object Current { get; } 17 18 // 19 // Summary: 20 // Advances the enumerator to the next element of the collection. 21 // 22 // Returns: 23 // true if the enumerator was successfully advanced to the next element; false if 24 // the enumerator has passed the end of the collection. 25 // 26 // Exceptions: 27 // T:System.InvalidOperationException: 28 // The collection was modified after the enumerator was created. 29 bool MoveNext(); 30 // 31 // Summary: 32 // Sets the enumerator to its initial position, which is before the first element 33 // in the collection. 34 // 35 // Exceptions: 36 // T:System.InvalidOperationException: 37 // The collection was modified after the enumerator was created. 38 void Reset(); 39 } 40 }
大家看到了,object Current { get; }是我們需要修改的項,只有get方法,所以它是隻讀的。
上面是從程式碼方面解釋foreach迭代時不可改變集合項,還有一個原因是是你改變值型別的值時,它對應的棧地址也就相應的改變了,這個大家都知道,我就不多說了。那麼問題來了,如果我不改變變數的地址,是不是我就可以用Foreach改變集合項呢?答案是肯定的。可以看下邊MSDN的程式碼:
1 static void ModifyDictionaryValueForEach() 2 { 3 Span<int> storage = stackalloc int[10]; 4 int num = 0; 5 foreach (ref int item in storage) 6 { 7 item = num++; 8 } 9 10 foreach (ref readonly var item in storage) 11 { 12 Console.Write($"{item} "); 13 } 14 // Output: 15 // 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16 }
上邊的程式碼必須是在C#版本是7.3下執行.Span<T>是.net Core2.1裡的型別。然後使用ref就可以改變了。大家可以試試。