MariaDB安裝

FishParadise發表於2018-05-21

二進位制安裝

(CentOS7 + MariaDB 10.2.8)

安裝前準備

1. 關閉NUMA
numctl -interleave=all /path/mysqdd --defaults-file=/path/my.cnf
https://access.redhat.com/solutions/23216
2. 檢查NUMA
numactl --show
numactl --hardware

限制設定

ulimit -a檢視
主要檢視open files，max user processes的限制設定。
open files系統開啟檔案過多，會報 OS error code 24: Too many open files的錯誤。

直接修改/etc/security/limits.conf檔案，需重啟OS生效。
vim /etc/security/limits.conf

*               soft    nproc           65535
*               hard    nproc           65535
*               soft    nofile          65535
*               hard    nofile          65535
3. Swap

原則：要麼不分配，要麼最多分配4GB
檢視：
sysctl -a | grep vm.swappiness

臨時性修改（等號兩邊沒有空格）：

sysctl vm.swappiness=0
sysctl -p

永久修改（需重啟OS生效）：

vim /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.swappiness=0

如果沒有，在最後新增一行。

4. CPU

關閉硬體的節能模式，開啟高效能模式

5. 檔案系統

建議XFS
mysql資料庫所在/data目錄單獨一個掛載分割槽

6. SELinux & iptables

臨時性關閉SELinux

setenforce 0

永久關閉

vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled

臨時性關閉iptables

service iptables stop

永久關閉

chkconfig --del iptables

如果是CentOS 7下關閉firewall

systemctl stop firewall
systemctl disable firewall
7. IO排程

raid

正式安裝

1. 建立賬號
groupadd mysql

執行的mysql賬號不能登入linux

useradd -g mysql -d /usr/local/mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
id mysql
2. 基本軟體安裝
mkdir -p /opt/mysql
cd /opt/mysql
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb//mariadb-10.2.8/bintar-linux-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.8-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf mariadb-10.2.8-linux-x86_64.tar.gz 
cd /usr/local/
ln -s /opt/mysql/mariadb-10.2.8-linux-x86_64 mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql mysql/
3. 資料庫相關的目錄
mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql3306/{data,log,tmp}
cd /data/
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql

配置檔案：/etc/my.cnf
以下為4G記憶體，4核邏輯CPU的my.cnf參考，需要根據生產實際情況而調整：

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql3306.sock

[mysql]
auto-rehash
prompt = "\u@\h [\d]"
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql3306.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/data
tmpdir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp
skip_name_resolve = 1

#character set
character-set-server = utf8mb4
open_files_limit = 65535
max_connections = 200
max_connect_errors = 100000

#logs
log-error = /data/mysql/mysql3306/log/error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql3306/log/slow.log

#binlog
log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql3306/log/mysql-bin
binlog_format = row
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1000M
max_binlog_size = 500M
sync_binlog = 1
expire_logs_days = 7

#replication
#server-id format: port of mysql + last two segments of ip
server-id = 3306137244
relay_log = /data/mysql/mysql3306/log/relay-bin
log_slave_updates = 1

#innodb
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2560M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
innodb_log_file_size = 1G
innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M
innodb_rollback_on_timeout = 1
innodb_status_file = 1
#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

#buffer & cache
table_open_cache = 2048
table_definition_cache = 2048
max_heap_table_size = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 100
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_min_res_unit = 512
thread_stack = 512K
tmp_table_size = 96M
key_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

#time
default-time-zone = `+08:00`

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 128M

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 16M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
4. 初始化
cd /usr/local/mysql
./scripts/mysql_install_db  --user=mysql

如果不是配置檔案不是預設目錄，指定一下。(–defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf必須是第一個引數)

./scripts/mysql_install_db   --defaults-file=/etc/my3307.cnf   --user=mysql

注意：一定要用相對路徑來安裝，否則會報：FATAL ERROR: Could not find ./bin/my_print_defaults的錯誤。

5. 啟動
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server     /etc/init.d/mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql start

或

service mysql start

如果要加入系統自動啟動（生產環境一般不會設定自動啟動）

chkconfig --add mysql

官網有提到使用以下啟動方式： (https://mariadb.com/kb/en/the-mariadb-library/installing-mariadb-binary-tarballs)

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

不能使用service msyql stop的方法來關閉，可使用/etc/init.d/mysql stop或mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown或kill 程式來關閉（KILL的方式不推薦）

6. 連線mysql

如果在shell下輸入mysql顯示command not found 是環境變數沒有設定好。

echo `export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin` >>/etc/profile
source /etc/profile

在本機使用socket檔案連線

mysql -S /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql3306.sock -uroot -p

使用TCP/IP連線

mysql -uroot -p -h127.0.0.1
  1. 安全加固
ALTER USER `root`@`localhost` IDENTIFIED BY `my_password`;
DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE user = ``;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS `test`;
  1. 關閉mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql stop

或

service mysql stop

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