-2,前言
最近我們公司突然開始涉足react-native開發,老實說,我內心是拒絕的。其一,是因為目前我對於原生開發還不夠精通,不想突然轉向,其二是因為react-native目前還沒有1.0的正式版本,仍然處於探索期不穩定。其三,我特麼開發react-native用的是windows啊,人家facebook的工程師開發這玩兒用的都是mac。看在工資的份兒上,我開始探索react-native。
-1,解釋說明
- 說實話,一開始就上這麼難的話題,我也是沒辦法。關於環境整合,跑demo等等遇到的這些坑,雖然積攢了一點經驗,但是很多時候,我是懵逼的,所以總結這些經驗而不說出問題的根源,不去探究為什麼,這不是我的風格。而通訊機制則是一整套嚴肅的設計,知根知底,而且隨著對於原理的深究,以後對於問題的根源就會更加明瞭(不過windows環境下還是不要立這種flag比較好)。
- 其次,作為react-native的菜鳥,我駕馭這個問題是有一些難度的,但是,這也正好是另一種優勢,那就是,我能以一個react-native的菜鳥的角度,去解釋Java與js的通訊機制,應該是對於剛接觸react-native的原生開發的工程師更加友好。
- 最後,我在探究這個問題的過程中,找到了很多很棒的博文,比如其實沒那麼複雜!探究react-native通訊機制等等,對於這些前輩,我只有獻上自己的膝蓋。 我目前用的RN的最新版本,而他們的版本應該是有點老,因此程式碼其實跟上面的作者的程式碼有些許出入。
0,鋪墊
首先我們要明白以下幾點:
- 在react-native中的通訊,主要是Java與JavaScript之間的通訊,而實際上,Java與Js之間是根本沒辦法直接對話的,別看他們看起來好像是親戚,實際上他們的關係就相當於雷鋒和雷峰塔的關係
- 那麼Java和Js之間想要能聽懂對方的話,有兩個必備條件:
- 雙方的資訊要能夠傳達到對方那裡去,就是,先不管聽不聽的懂 ,你首先要把話傳過去
- 資訊傳達前需要經過翻譯,才能被接受方正確理解。
- 第一個條件的解決方案是通過C++來做這個傳話筒,Java通過JNI來call到c++層,然後c++層再把資訊傳到js,反之亦然;第二個條件的解決方案就是通過在初始化的時候構造兩本“詞典”,約定好以後說話只說對方寫好的“詞典”上的單詞,保證對方能聽懂。
所以我們的問題其實只有兩點:那就是集中精力觀察“詞典”是怎麼傳遞到雙方手裡的,以及兩方是怎麼傳遞資料的。
1,開篇
1.1,Java傳遞“詞典”
首先,對於詞典還是正確解釋一下,它是某種config,某種配置檔案,每次Java層收到js層傳來的的資訊,都會讀取這個檔案,然後才能理解Java層的意思。Java層也是一樣。他們對應RN的程式碼的類分別是:NativeModuleRegistry和JavaScriptModuleRegistry
初始化的開端源自ReactActivity,這是react-native中的類,它的onCreate()方法中是這麼做的:
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
if (getUseDeveloperSupport() && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
// Get permission to show redbox in dev builds.
if (!Settings.canDrawOverlays(this)) {
Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_OVERLAY_PERMISSION);
startActivity(serviceIntent);
FLog.w(ReactConstants.TAG, REDBOX_PERMISSION_MESSAGE);
Toast.makeText(this, REDBOX_PERMISSION_MESSAGE, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
mReactRootView = createRootView();
//這是最重要的一步
mReactRootView.startReactApplication(
getReactNativeHost().getReactInstanceManager(),
getMainComponentName(),
getLaunchOptions());
setContentView(mReactRootView);
mDoubleTapReloadRecognizer = new DoubleTapReloadRecognizer();
}複製程式碼
mRootView是一個layout,繼承自FrameLayout,一切的js渲染從這個Layout上開始,它的startReactApplication()方法如下:
public void startReactApplication(
ReactInstanceManager reactInstanceManager,
String moduleName,
@Nullable Bundle launchOptions) {
UiThreadUtil.assertOnUiThread();
// TODO(6788889): Use POJO instead of bundle here, apparently we can't just use WritableMap
// here as it may be deallocated in native after passing via JNI bridge, but we want to reuse
// it in the case of re-creating the catalyst instance
Assertions.assertCondition(
mReactInstanceManager == null,
"This root view has already been attached to a catalyst instance manager");
mReactInstanceManager = reactInstanceManager;
mJSModuleName = moduleName;
mLaunchOptions = launchOptions;
//這是關鍵
if (!mReactInstanceManager.hasStartedCreatingInitialContext()) {
mReactInstanceManager.createReactContextInBackground();
}
// We need to wait for the initial onMeasure, if this view has not yet been measured, we set which
// will make this view startReactApplication itself to instance manager once onMeasure is called.
if (mWasMeasured) {
attachToReactInstanceManager();
}
}複製程式碼
這裡有一個ReactInstanceManager,它的作用就是管理CatalystInstance的例項,CatalystInstance是什麼?這是一個上層抽象的呼叫介面),Java和Js都可以通過這個去呼叫對方,當然,那兩個類都是抽象的,實際上都是通過它們的XXXXImpl類來實現具體的功能。
那麼我們接著往下,注意我們的目的:瞭解初始化時如何傳遞那兩本“詞典”的,mReactInstanceManager.createReactContextInBackground();這個方法就直接呼叫到了它的實現類:XReactInstanceManagerImpl中的createReactContextInBackground然後接下來的流程就是:
createReactContextInBackground()------> recreateReactContextInBackgroundInner(); -------> recreateReactContextInBackgroundFromBundleLoader(); ---------> recreateReactContextInBackground() ;
到了recreateReactContextInBackground()這個方法大概是這樣的:
private void recreateReactContextInBackground(
JavaScriptExecutor.Factory jsExecutorFactory,
JSBundleLoader jsBundleLoader) {
UiThreadUtil.assertOnUiThread();
//構造引數
ReactContextInitParams initParams =
new ReactContextInitParams(jsExecutorFactory, jsBundleLoader);
if (mReactContextInitAsyncTask == null) {
// No background task to create react context is currently running, create and execute one.
//執行了一個AsyncTask.......
mReactContextInitAsyncTask = new ReactContextInitAsyncTask();
mReactContextInitAsyncTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, initParams);
} else {
// Background task is currently running, queue up most recent init params to recreate context
// once task completes.
mPendingReactContextInitParams = initParams;
}
}複製程式碼
好我們接下來看這個執行緒內部的細節,重點看doInBackground()這個方法:
@Override
protected Result<ReactApplicationContext> doInBackground(ReactContextInitParams... params) {
// TODO(t11687218): Look over all threading
// Default priority is Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND which means we'll be put in a cgroup
// that only has access to a small fraction of CPU time. The priority will be reset after
// this task finishes: https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/
d630f105e8bc0021541aacb4dc6498a49048ecea/core/java/android/os/AsyncTask.java#256
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_DEFAULT);
Assertions.assertCondition(params != null && params.length > 0 && params[0] != null);
try {
JavaScriptExecutor jsExecutor = params[0].getJsExecutorFactory().create();
//createReactContext()這個方法被執行
return Result.of(createReactContext(jsExecutor, params[0].getJsBundleLoader()));
} catch (Exception e) {
// Pass exception to onPostExecute() so it can be handled on the main thread
return Result.of(e);
}
}複製程式碼
接下去看createReactContext(jsExecutor, params[0].getJsBundleLoader())這個方法:
/**
* @return instance of {@link ReactContext} configured a {@link CatalystInstance} set
*/
private ReactApplicationContext createReactContext(
JavaScriptExecutor jsExecutor,
JSBundleLoader jsBundleLoader) {
FLog.i(ReactConstants.TAG, "Creating react context.");
ReactMarker.logMarker(CREATE_REACT_CONTEXT_START);
mSourceUrl = jsBundleLoader.getSourceUrl();
//你瞧,之前提到的兩本“詞典”,他們的Builder已經露面了。
NativeModuleRegistry.Builder nativeRegistryBuilder = new NativeModuleRegistry.Builder();
JavaScriptModuleRegistry.Builder jsModulesBuilder = new JavaScriptModuleRegistry.Builder();
final ReactApplicationContext reactContext = new ReactApplicationContext(mApplicationContext);
if (mUseDeveloperSupport) {
reactContext.setNativeModuleCallExceptionHandler(mDevSupportManager);
}
ReactMarker.logMarker(PROCESS_PACKAGES_START);
Systrace.beginSection(
TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE,
"createAndProcessCoreModulesPackage");
try {
//CoreModulesPackage裡面定義了RN框架核心的一些Java和JS的module
//通過processPackage()方法寫入到兩本“詞典”的Builder中
CoreModulesPackage coreModulesPackage =
new CoreModulesPackage(this, mBackBtnHandler, mUIImplementationProvider);
processPackage(coreModulesPackage, reactContext, nativeRegistryBuilder, jsModulesBuilder);
} finally {
Systrace.endSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE);
}
// TODO(6818138): Solve use-case of native/js modules overriding
//這裡是開發者自己定義或封裝的一些元件或者事件的package
for (ReactPackage reactPackage : mPackages) {
Systrace.beginSection(
TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE,
"createAndProcessCustomReactPackage");
try {
processPackage(reactPackage, reactContext, nativeRegistryBuilder, jsModulesBuilder);
} finally {
Systrace.endSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE);
}
}
ReactMarker.logMarker(PROCESS_PACKAGES_END);
ReactMarker.logMarker(BUILD_NATIVE_MODULE_REGISTRY_START);
Systrace.beginSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE, "buildNativeModuleRegistry");
NativeModuleRegistry nativeModuleRegistry;
try {
//好了,建立了用於翻譯Java端的“詞典”
nativeModuleRegistry = nativeRegistryBuilder.build();
} finally {
Systrace.endSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE);
ReactMarker.logMarker(BUILD_NATIVE_MODULE_REGISTRY_END);
}
NativeModuleCallExceptionHandler exceptionHandler = mNativeModuleCallExceptionHandler != null
? mNativeModuleCallExceptionHandler
: mDevSupportManager;
CatalystInstanceImpl.Builder catalystInstanceBuilder = new CatalystInstanceImpl.Builder()
.setReactQueueConfigurationSpec(ReactQueueConfigurationSpec.createDefault())
.setJSExecutor(jsExecutor)
.setRegistry(nativeModuleRegistry)
//建立了用於翻譯JS端的“詞典”
.setJSModuleRegistry(jsModulesBuilder.build())
.setJSBundleLoader(jsBundleLoader)
.setNativeModuleCallExceptionHandler(exceptionHandler);
//到目前為止。兩本“詞典”都已經建立完畢,而且全部都在CatalystInstance這個類的**實現類的Builder中**,此時你可以回憶一下整個過程,理清一下思路。
ReactMarker.logMarker(CREATE_CATALYST_INSTANCE_START);
// CREATE_CATALYST_INSTANCE_END is in JSCExecutor.cpp
Systrace.beginSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE, "createCatalystInstance");
final CatalystInstance catalystInstance;
try {
//這個Build()很關鍵,它用實現類的Builder建立了一個CatalystInstance類。
catalystInstance = catalystInstanceBuilder.build();
} finally {
Systrace.endSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE);
ReactMarker.logMarker(CREATE_CATALYST_INSTANCE_END);
}
if (mBridgeIdleDebugListener != null) {
catalystInstance.addBridgeIdleDebugListener(mBridgeIdleDebugListener);
}
ReactMarker.logMarker(RUN_JS_BUNDLE_START);
try {
catalystInstance.getReactQueueConfiguration().getJSQueueThread().callOnQueue(
new Callable<Void>() {
@Override
public Void call() throws Exception {
reactContext.initializeWithInstance(catalystInstance);
Systrace.beginSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE, "runJSBundle");
try {
//在這裡就執行js程式碼說明至少在這個方法之前,“詞典”應該傳過去了
//於是我們刻印回去聚焦到catalystInstance = catalystInstanceBuilder.build();這段程式碼
catalystInstance.runJSBundle();
} finally {
Systrace.endSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE);
ReactMarker.logMarker(RUN_JS_BUNDLE_END);
}
return null;
}
}).get();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
if (e.getCause() instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) e.getCause();
} else {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
return reactContext;
}
//將package中的關於Java和js的東西分別新增到兩本“詞典”的builder中
private void processPackage(
ReactPackage reactPackage,
ReactApplicationContext reactContext,
NativeModuleRegistry.Builder nativeRegistryBuilder,
JavaScriptModuleRegistry.Builder jsModulesBuilder) {
for (NativeModule nativeModule : reactPackage.createNativeModules(reactContext)) {
nativeRegistryBuilder.add(nativeModule);
}
for (Class<? extends JavaScriptModule> jsModuleClass : reactPackage.createJSModules()) {
jsModulesBuilder.add(jsModuleClass);
}
}複製程式碼
catalystInstanceBuilder.build()這段程式碼具體實現如下:
public CatalystInstanceImpl build() {
return new CatalystInstanceImpl(
Assertions.assertNotNull(mReactQueueConfigurationSpec),
Assertions.assertNotNull(mJSExecutor),
Assertions.assertNotNull(mRegistry),
Assertions.assertNotNull(mJSModuleRegistry),
Assertions.assertNotNull(mJSBundleLoader),
Assertions.assertNotNull(mNativeModuleCallExceptionHandler));
}複製程式碼
這個方法的作用就是直接new了一個CatalystInstanceImpl類,那麼我們接下去看CatalystInstanceImpl類的構造方法:
private CatalystInstanceImpl(
final ReactQueueConfigurationSpec ReactQueueConfigurationSpec,
final JavaScriptExecutor jsExecutor,
final NativeModuleRegistry registry,
final JavaScriptModuleRegistry jsModuleRegistry,
final JSBundleLoader jsBundleLoader,
NativeModuleCallExceptionHandler nativeModuleCallExceptionHandler) {
FLog.d(ReactConstants.TAG, "Initializing React Xplat Bridge.");
mHybridData = initHybrid();
mReactQueueConfiguration = ReactQueueConfigurationImpl.create(
ReactQueueConfigurationSpec,
new NativeExceptionHandler());
mBridgeIdleListeners = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
//這個就是Java層要傳遞給Js層的“詞典”
mJavaRegistry = registry;
mJSModuleRegistry = jsModuleRegistry;
mJSBundleLoader = jsBundleLoader;
mNativeModuleCallExceptionHandler = nativeModuleCallExceptionHandler;
mTraceListener = new JSProfilerTraceListener(this);
//在這個方法裡,就把Java暴露給Js的詞典傳了進去
initializeBridge(
new BridgeCallback(this),
jsExecutor,
mReactQueueConfiguration.getJSQueueThread(),
mReactQueueConfiguration.getNativeModulesQueueThread(),
//getModuleRegistryHolder()這個方法不過是一種holder,對“詞典”做了一些封裝。
mJavaRegistry.getModuleRegistryHolder(this));
mMainExecutorToken = getMainExecutorToken();
}
//你瞧,native方法,直接call到C++層,接下來,由C++層通過各種折騰,然後生成某種配置檔案,轉發到Js端
private native void initializeBridge(ReactCallback callback,
JavaScriptExecutor jsExecutor,
MessageQueueThread jsQueue,
MessageQueueThread moduleQueue,
ModuleRegistryHolder registryHolder);複製程式碼
好了,關於“詞典”是如何傳遞過去的,就解釋到這裡,雖然C++層可能有更多操作,但是目的就是一個,把Java類轉化成一個JS讀得懂的格式的檔案。 那麼我們接下來看看C++是如何做好傳聲筒的
1.2,資料傳遞過程
初始化完成之後,Java端和Js端都有了“詞典”,就可把自己的意圖翻譯成對方能聽得懂的話了,這個時候交流就會暢通了。
1.2.1,Java --> Js
這個問題首先Java層應該做的是找到那本Js的詞典,所以我們應該尋找Java層是在哪裡呼叫到了JSModuleRegistry這個類的,
讓我們退回到ReactContextInitAsyncTask的doInBackground方法中,在詞典傳遞完畢之後,這個方法基本執行完畢,接下來是
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Result<ReactApplicationContext> result) {
try {
setupReactContext(result.get());
} catch (Exception e) {
mDevSupportManager.handleException(e);
} finally {
mReactContextInitAsyncTask = null;
}
// Handle enqueued request to re-initialize react context.
if (mPendingReactContextInitParams != null) {
recreateReactContextInBackground(
mPendingReactContextInitParams.getJsExecutorFactory(),
mPendingReactContextInitParams.getJsBundleLoader());
mPendingReactContextInitParams = null;
}
}複製程式碼
setupReactContext(result.get())這個方法,然後這個方法又會呼叫attachMeasuredRootViewToInstance()方法:
private void attachMeasuredRootViewToInstance(
ReactRootView rootView,
CatalystInstance catalystInstance) {
Systrace.beginSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE, "attachMeasuredRootViewToInstance");
UiThreadUtil.assertOnUiThread();
// Reset view content as it's going to be populated by the application content from JS
rootView.removeAllViews();
rootView.setId(View.NO_ID);
UIManagerModule uiManagerModule = catalystInstance.getNativeModule(UIManagerModule.class);
int rootTag = uiManagerModule.addMeasuredRootView(rootView);
rootView.setRootViewTag(rootTag);
@Nullable Bundle launchOptions = rootView.getLaunchOptions();
WritableMap initialProps = Arguments.makeNativeMap(launchOptions);
String jsAppModuleName = rootView.getJSModuleName();
WritableNativeMap appParams = new WritableNativeMap();
appParams.putDouble("rootTag", rootTag);
appParams.putMap("initialProps", initialProps);
//在這裡,Java找到了那本Js的“詞典”,然後runApplication
catalystInstance.getJSModule(AppRegistry.class).runApplication(jsAppModuleName, appParams);
Systrace.endSection(TRACE_TAG_REACT_JAVA_BRIDGE);
}複製程式碼
其實catalystInstance.getJSModule(AppRegistry.class).runApplication(jsAppModuleName, appParams)這段程式碼比較複雜,首先getJSModule方法具體實現在catalystInstanceImpl中,然後會呼叫到mJSModuleRegistry.getJavaScriptModule(this, executorToken, jsInterface)中,程式碼如下:
public synchronized <T extends JavaScriptModule> T getJavaScriptModule(
CatalystInstance instance,
ExecutorToken executorToken,
Class<T> moduleInterface) {
HashMap<Class<? extends JavaScriptModule>, JavaScriptModule> instancesForContext =
mModuleInstances.get(executorToken);
if (instancesForContext == null) {
instancesForContext = new HashMap<>();
mModuleInstances.put(executorToken, instancesForContext);
}
JavaScriptModule module = instancesForContext.get(moduleInterface);
if (module != null) {
return (T) module;
}
JavaScriptModuleRegistration registration =
Assertions.assertNotNull(
mModuleRegistrations.get(moduleInterface),
"JS module " + moduleInterface.getSimpleName() + " hasn't been registered!");
//關鍵
JavaScriptModule interfaceProxy = (JavaScriptModule) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
moduleInterface.getClassLoader(),
new Class[]{moduleInterface},
new JavaScriptModuleInvocationHandler(executorToken, instance, registration));
instancesForContext.put(moduleInterface, interfaceProxy);
return (T) interfaceProxy;
}複製程式碼
什麼動態代理不用理他,看 new JavaScriptModuleInvocationHandler(executorToken, instance, registration)這個類:
private static class JavaScriptModuleInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
private final WeakReference<ExecutorToken> mExecutorToken;
private final CatalystInstance mCatalystInstance;
private final JavaScriptModuleRegistration mModuleRegistration;
public JavaScriptModuleInvocationHandler(
ExecutorToken executorToken,
CatalystInstance catalystInstance,
JavaScriptModuleRegistration moduleRegistration) {
mExecutorToken = new WeakReference<>(executorToken);
mCatalystInstance = catalystInstance;
mModuleRegistration = moduleRegistration;
}
//關鍵
@Override
public @Nullable Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, @Nullable Object[] args) throws Throwable {
ExecutorToken executorToken = mExecutorToken.get();
if (executorToken == null) {
FLog.w(ReactConstants.TAG, "Dropping JS call, ExecutorToken went away...");
return null;
}
NativeArray jsArgs = args != null ? Arguments.fromJavaArgs(args) : new WritableNativeArray();
mCatalystInstance.callFunction(
executorToken,
mModuleRegistration.getName(),
method.getName(),
jsArgs
);
return null;
}
}
}複製程式碼
invoke方法通過mCatalystInstance呼叫了callFunction()方法;不用多想,我們直接在實現類中去找這個方法:
@Override
public void callFunction(
ExecutorToken executorToken,
final String module,
final String method,
final NativeArray arguments) {
if (mDestroyed) {
FLog.w(ReactConstants.TAG, "Calling JS function after bridge has been destroyed.");
return;
}
if (!mAcceptCalls) {
throw new RuntimeException("Attempt to call JS function before JS bundle is loaded.");
}
callJSFunction(executorToken, module, method, arguments);
}
private native void callJSFunction(ExecutorToken token,String module, String method,NativeArray arguments);複製程式碼
callFunction()方法裡面呼叫了callJSFunction()這個本地方法,然後由C++做轉發,這個本地方法傳遞的引數有token,包名,方法名,和引數,
至此,從Java端呼叫到Js端的過程,到這裡可以宣告結束了。
1.2.2,js-->Java
待續。
2,矯正
- 暫無
3,總結
- 首先這裡沒有分析js端到java端的過程,是因為我目前對於js還不是十分熟悉,目前還沒有把我能用自己的話吧這件事說清楚,所以先挖坑,到時候一定填上。
- 從開發的角度來看整個react-native兩端通訊,其實我們最終是避不開這些框架層的東西的,架構在原生Android的系統之上的js無論如何都是需要和Java溝通的,雖然react-native封裝了一些事件和元件,但是假如業務需要而框架沒有封裝,那你就不得不直面這種通訊了。
- 還是原生開發好,windows說。