在Oracle 10g下，我們可以使用RMAN duplicate 命令建立一個具有不同DBID 的複製庫。到了Oracle 11gR2， RMAN 的duplicate 有2種方法實現：

1. Active database duplication

2. Backup-based duplication

Active database duplication 透過網路，直接copy target 庫到auxiliary 庫，然後建立複製庫。這種方法就不需要先用RMAN 備份資料庫，然後將備份檔案傳送到auxiliary端。

這個功能的作用是非常大的。尤其是對T級別的庫。因為對這樣的庫進行備份，然後將備份集傳送到備庫，在進行duplicate 的代價是非常大的。一備份要佔用時間，二要佔用備份空間，三在網路傳送的時候，還需要佔用頻寬和時間。所以Active database duplicate 很好的解決了以上的問題。它對大庫的遷移非常有用。

如果是從RAC duplicate 到單例項，操作是一樣的。如果是從單例項duplicate 到RAC。那麼先duplicate 到單例項。然後將單例項轉換成RAC。

Oracle 10g 下Rman duplicate 的例子參考：

RMAN 異機複製資料庫

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/07/20/5749932.aspx

下面我們看一下11gR2下，Active Database Duplicate的步驟如下：

1. 建立Auxiliary 庫的Initialization Parameter：

如果使用spfile，那麼在pfile檔案裡只需要設定一個DB_NAME引數，其他引數會在duplicate 命令中自己設定。

如果使用pfile，那麼需要設定如下引數：

DB_NAME

CONTROL_FILES

DB_BLOCK_SIZE

DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

2. 在Auxiliary庫建立Password File 檔案

對於Backup-based duplication，Password File 不是必須的，但是對於Active Database Duplication，Password File是必須的。因為Active Database Duplication 使用相同的SYSDBA 密碼直接連線到auxiliary 庫。所以，確保target 和Auxiliary庫的SYSDBA 密碼一樣很重要。

當然，我們也可以在duplicate 命令中加上PASSWORD FILE 選項（也是預設值），這樣RMAN 在copy 的時候也會從target 庫把密碼檔案copy過來，如果auxiliary庫上已經存在了Password file，那麼該操作會重寫那個檔案。

如：

RMAN> DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE TO Dave

2> FROM ACTIVE DATABASE

3> NOFILENAMECHECK

4> PASSWORD FILE

5> SPFILE;

3. 如果是windows 平臺，還需要建立Database service：

% set ORACLE_SID=DAVE
% set ORACLE_HOME=E:/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
% oradim -NEW -SID DAVE

4. 配置oracle net，修改listener.ora和the tnsnames.ora 檔案：

在Target 庫和Auxiliary 都要修改。這個也可以使用netca 和netmgr命令配置。

Listener.ora

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 admin]$ cat listener.ora

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT = 1521))

)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)

(SID_NAME = orcl)

)

tnsname.ora

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

ORCL_ST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.43)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

ORCL_PD =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.42)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

5. 用第一步建立的pfile檔案，將Auxiliary啟動到nomout 狀態。然後進行Active Database duplicate。

我們看一個完整的複製示例：

Target DB：

IP: 192.168.2.42

SID：orcl

Auxiliary：

IP：192.168.2.43

SID:orcl

我這裡複製的目錄相同。如果不同的話需要在pfile裡面加入db_file_name_convert和log_file_name_convert.

1. 在Auxiliary 建立pfile 引數檔案：

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 dbs]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 dbs]$ cat initorcl.ora

DB_NAME=orcl

只有一個引數： DB_NAME

2. 在Auxiliary庫上建立口令檔案

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ orapwd file=?/dbs/orapworcl password=oracle

3. 在Auxiliary庫建立相關的目錄結構：

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl

不然在duplicate時會報如下錯誤：

ORA-19505: failed to identify file "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf"

ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file

4. 啟動Auxiliary 到nomout 狀態：

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Mar 8 00:28:48 2011

SQL> conn / as sysdba;

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/initorcl.ora

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes

Fixed Size 1335080 bytes

Variable Size 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes

SQL>

5. 在Target 和Auxiliary 都配置Oracle Net（Listener.ora and tnsnames.ora）：

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 admin]$ cat listener.ora

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT = 1521))

)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)

(SID_NAME = orcl)

)

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

ORCL_ST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.43)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

ORCL_PD =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.42)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

6. 開始RMAN duplicate from active database：

注意：如果target 和 Auxiliary庫的目錄結構相同，記得加上nofilenamecheck引數，不然會報如下錯誤：

RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the target database

如果目錄不同，在pfile里加如下2個引數進行轉換：

db_file_name_convert

log_file_name_convert.

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 dbs]$ rman target sys/oracle@orcl_pd auxiliary sys/oracle@orcl_st

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 8 01:01:42 2011

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1272955137)

connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database to orcl from active database nofilenamecheck;

Starting Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:

{

sql clone "create spfile from memory";

}

executing Memory Script

sql statement: create spfile from memory

contents of Memory Script:

{

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone nomount;

}

executing Memory Script

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes

Fixed Size 1335080 bytes

Variable Size 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes

contents of Memory Script:

{

sql clone "alter system set db_name =

''ORCL'' comment=

''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";

sql clone "alter system set db_unique_name =

''ORCL'' comment=

''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone force nomount

backup as copy current controlfile auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/cntrlorcl.dbf';

alter clone database mount;

}

executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''ORCL'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set db_unique_name = ''ORCL'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes

Fixed Size 1335080 bytes

Variable Size 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=43 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

copying current control file

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f tag=TAG20110308T010214 RECID=3 STAMP=745203735

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

database mounted

contents of Memory Script:

{

set newname for datafile 1 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 2 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 3 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 4 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";

backup as copy reuse

datafile 1 auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf" datafile

2 auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf" datafile

3 auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf" datafile

4 auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf" ;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

--在這裡開始copy 資料檔案，比較慢。

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:

{

backup as copy reuse

archivelog like "/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2011_03_08/o1_mf_1_7_6qb3zyoo_.arc" auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_7_745174404.dbf" ;

catalog clone archivelog "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_7_745174404.dbf";

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy

input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=3 STAMP=745203841

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_7_745174404.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0

channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

cataloged archived log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_7_745174404.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=745203848

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

contents of Memory Script:

{

set until scn 844147;

recover

clone database

delete archivelog

;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

Starting recover at 08-MAR-11

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 7 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_7_745174404.dbf

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_7_745174404.dbf thread=1 sequence=7

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished recover at 08-MAR-11

contents of Memory Script:

{

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone nomount;

sql clone "alter system set db_name =

''ORCL'' comment=

''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile";

sql clone "alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile";

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone nomount;

}

executing Memory Script

database dismounted

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes

Fixed Size 1335080 bytes

Variable Size 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes

sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''ORCL'' comment= ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes

Fixed Size 1335080 bytes

Variable Size 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes

sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE,

GROUP 2 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE,

GROUP 3 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE

DATAFILE

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'

CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

contents of Memory Script:

{

set newname for tempfile 1 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf";

switch clone tempfile all;

catalog clone datafilecopy "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf",

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf",

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf in control file

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=745203867

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=745203867

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=745203867

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=745203867 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=745203867 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=745203867 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

contents of Memory Script:

{

Alter clone database open resetlogs;

}

executing Memory Script

database opened

Finished Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11

RMAN>

複製結束。查詢：

Target 庫：

SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;

NAME DBID

--------- ----------

ORCL 1272955137

Auxiliary庫：

SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;

NAME DBID

--------- ----------

ORCL 1272984602

Oracle 11gR2 使用 RMAN duplicate from active database 複製資料庫

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