如何匯出儲存過程、函式、包和觸發器的定義語句？如何匯出表和索引的建立語句？
Oracle中如何匯出儲存過程、函式、包和觸發器的定義語句？如何匯出表的結構？如何匯出索引的建立語句？
QQ群裡有人問：如何匯出一個使用者下的儲存過程？
麥苗答：方法有多種，可以使用DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL包。
- 使用PL/SQL DEVELOPER工具
-- 下面的SQL語句，如果報錯：ORA-22835: 緩衝區對於 CLOB 到 CHAR 轉換或 BLOB 到 RAW 轉換而言太小 (實際: 4994, 最大: 4000)，那麼去掉TO_CAHR
SELECT TO_CHAR(DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('PROCEDURE', U.OBJECT_NAME)) ||CHR(10)||'/'
FROM USER_OBJECTS U
WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'PROCEDURE'
;
開啟Excel，複製內容到plsql developer裡邊，注意貼上的時候使用右鍵的“Past from host Language”，否則貼上後的程式碼含有雙引號：
執行這些指令碼指令碼即可：
- 使用SQL*Plus
使用如下的指令碼即可匯出某個使用者下的儲存過程程式碼到/tmp/a.sql檔案中：
SET PAGESIZE 0
SET TRIMSPOOL ON
SET LINESIZE 10000
SET LONG 90000
SET FEEDBACK OFF
SET FEED OFF;
SET ECHO OFF
spool /tmp/a.sql
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('PROCEDURE', U.OBJECT_NAME)||CHR(10)||'/'
FROM USER_OBJECTS U
WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'PROCEDURE';
spool OFF
開啟檔案後，簡單處理一下即可。
總體來說有兩種方式來獲取，第一，利用系統包DBMS_METADATA包中的GET_DDL函式來獲取，第二，利用exp或expdp來獲取。
下面來看第一種方式，如何利用系統包DBMS_METADATA包中的GET_DDL函式來獲取物件的定義語句。下面是該函式的入參和出參：
SQL> DESC DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL
PARAMETER TYPE MODE DEFAULT?
----------- -------- ---- --------
(RESULT) CLOB
OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2 IN
NAME VARCHAR2 IN
SCHEMA VARCHAR2 IN Y
VERSION VARCHAR2 IN Y
MODEL VARCHAR2 IN Y
TRANSFORM VARCHAR2 IN Y
其詳細引數如下：
l OBJECT_TYPE 需要返回原資料的DDL語句的物件型別
l NAME 物件名稱
l SCHEMA 物件所在的SCHEMA，預設為當前使用者所在所SCHEMA
l VERSION 物件原資料的版本
l MODEL 原資料的型別預設為ORACLE
l TRANSFORM 預設值為DDL
l RETURNS 物件的原資料預設以CLOB型別返回
一般情況下，只需要給出OBJECT_TYPE、NAME和SCHEMA3個引數即可。
n 檢視建立表SQL語句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','DEPT','SCOTT') FROM DUAL;
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE',U.TABLE_NAME) FROM USER_TABLES U;
n 檢視建立索引的SQL語句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('INDEX','PK_DEPT','SCOTT') FROM DUAL;
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('INDEX',U.INDEX_NAME) FROM USER_INDEXES U;
n 檢視建立主鍵的SQL語句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('CONSTRAINT','EMP_PK') FROM DUAL;
n 檢視建立外來鍵的SQL語句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('REF_CONSTRAINT','EMP_FK_DEPT') FROM DUAL;
n 檢視建立檢視（VIEW）的SQL語句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('VIEW', 'MY_TABLES','SCOTT') FROM DUAL;
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('VIEW', U.OBJECT_NAME)
FROM USER_OBJECTS U
WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'VIEW';
SELECT TEXT FROM USER_VIEWS WHERE VIEW_NAME=UPPER('&VIEW_NAME');
n 檢視建立儲存過程（PROCEDURE）的SQL語句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('PROCEDURE', U.OBJECT_NAME)
FROM USER_OBJECTS U
WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'PROCEDURE';
n 檢視建立觸發器（TRIGGER）的SQL語句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TRIGGER', U.OBJECT_NAME)
FROM USER_OBJECTS U
WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'TRIGGER';
n 檢視建立函式（FUNCTION）的SQL語句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('FUNCTION', U.OBJECT_NAME)
FROM USER_OBJECTS U
WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'FUNCTION';
n 檢視建立包（PACKAGE）的SQL語句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('PACKAGE', U.OBJECT_NAME)
FROM USER_OBJECTS U
WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'PACKAGE';
n 檢視建立序列（SEQUENCE）的SQL語句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('SEQUENCE', U.OBJECT_NAME)
FROM USER_OBJECTS U
WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'SEQUENCE';
n 檢視建立同義詞（SYNONYM）的SQL語句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('SYNONYM', U.OBJECT_NAME)
FROM USER_OBJECTS U
WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = 'SYNONYM';
n 檢視建立表空間（TABLESPACE）的SQL語句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLESPACE', U.TABLESPACE_NAME)
FROM USER_TABLESPACES U;
n 檢視建立角色（ROLE）的SQL語句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('ROLE', U.ROLE) FROM DBA_ROLES U;
n 檢視建立使用者（USER）的SQL語句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('USER','SYS') FROM DUAL;
n 得到某個SCHEDULER JOB的建立語句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('PROCOBJ', D.JOB_NAME, D.OWNER)
FROM DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS D
WHERE D.JOB_TYPE = 'STORED_PROCEDURE'
AND D.STATE = 'SCHEDULED'
AND D.SCHEDULE_NAME IS NULL;
n 得到一個使用者下的所有表、索引、儲存過程、函式的DDL語句：
SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(U.OBJECT_TYPE, U.OBJECT_NAME)
FROM USER_OBJECTS U
WHERE U.OBJECT_TYPE IN ('TABLE', 'INDEX', 'PROCEDURE', 'FUNCTION');
如果想去掉表的儲存引數（例如，INITIAL、NEXT、FREELISTS等引數），那麼可以使用DBMS_METADATA包中的函式SET_TRANSFORM_PARAM(DBMS_METADATA.SESSION_TRANSFORM,'STORAGE',FALSE)來完成，程式碼如下所示：
SYS@lhrdb> SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','DEPT','SCOTT') FROM DUAL;
DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','DEPT','SCOTT')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT"
( "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0),
"DNAME" VARCHAR2(14),
"LOC" VARCHAR2(13),
CONSTRAINT "PK_DEPT" PRIMARY KEY ("DEPTNO")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ENABLE
) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS"
SYS@lhrdb> EXECUTE DBMS_METADATA.SET_TRANSFORM_PARAM(DBMS_METADATA.SESSION_TRANSFORM,'STORAGE',FALSE);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SYS@lhrdb> SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','DEPT','SCOTT') FROM DUAL;
DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','DEPT','SCOTT')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT"
( "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0),
"DNAME" VARCHAR2(14),
"LOC" VARCHAR2(13),
CONSTRAINT "PK_DEPT" PRIMARY KEY ("DEPTNO")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
TABLESPACE "USERS" ENABLE
) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
TABLESPACE "USERS"
使用DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL需要注意以下問題：
（1）DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL()包內的引數都要大寫，否則會報ORA-31600: invalid input value table for parameter OBJECT_TYPE in function GET_DDL的錯誤。
（2）是否查的當前使用者的DDL語句，若不是則需要加上物件的屬主資訊即SCHEMA引數。
（3）若在SQL*Plus中顯示不全，則需要set long 9999。
（4）對於DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL包，可以在PLSQL Developer工具中執行，也可以在SQL*Plus中執行。
如果要匯出SCOTT使用者下的所有定義，那麼在SQL*Plus中程式碼如下所示：
SET PAGESIZE 0
SET TRIMSPOOL ON
SET LINESIZE 10000
SET LONG 90000
SET FEEDBACK OFF
SET FEED OFF;
SET ECHO OFF
SPOOL /tmp/schema_scott.sql
SELECT CASE
WHEN U.OBJECT_TYPE IN
('PROCEDURE', 'FUNCTION' ， 'PACKAGE', 'TRIGGER') THEN
DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(U.OBJECT_TYPE, U.OBJECT_NAME, U.OWNER) ||
CHR(10) || '/'
ELSE
DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(U.OBJECT_TYPE, U.OBJECT_NAME, U.OWNER)||
CHR(10) || ';'
END AS SCOTT_DDL
FROM DBA_OBJECTS U
WHERE U.OBJECT_TYPE IN
('TABLE', 'INDEX', 'PROCEDURE', 'FUNCTION' ， 'PACKAGE', 'TRIGGER')
AND U.OWNER='SCOTT';
SPOOL OFF;
則可以匯出SCOTT使用者下所有的DDL語句到/tmp/schema_scott.sql檔案中。
如果在PLSQL Developer工具中執行，那麼可以單獨執行如下的SQL語句：
SELECT CASE
WHEN U.OBJECT_TYPE IN
('PROCEDURE', 'FUNCTION' ， 'PACKAGE', 'TRIGGER') THEN
DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(U.OBJECT_TYPE, U.OBJECT_NAME, U.OWNER) ||
CHR(10) || '/'
ELSE
DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(U.OBJECT_TYPE, U.OBJECT_NAME, U.OWNER)||
CHR(10) || ';'
END AS SCOTT_DDL
FROM DBA_OBJECTS U
WHERE U.OBJECT_TYPE IN
('TABLE', 'INDEX', 'PROCEDURE', 'FUNCTION' ， 'PACKAGE', 'TRIGGER')
AND U.OWNER='SCOTT';
然後選擇整列，右鍵選擇“Copy to Excel”，就可以將資料匯出到Excel檔案中，接著，將Excel中的資料複製到PLSQL Developer工具的“SQL Window”中皆可。需要注意的是，最後複製到“SQL Window”中的時候，需要選擇右鍵的“Past from host Language”，否則貼上的程式碼含有雙引號，需要做特殊處理，比較麻煩。
可以使用如下的SQL指令碼生成某個使用者下的所有物件的DDL語句：
sqlplus<<eof <="" eof
set long 100000
set head off
set echo off
set pagesize 0
set verify off
set feedback off
spool schema.out
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl(object_type, object_name, owner)
from
(
--Convert DBA_OBJECTS.OBJECT_TYPE to DBMS_METADATA object type:
select
owner,
--Java object names may need to be converted with DBMS_JAVA.LONGNAME.
--That code is not included since many database don't have Java installed.
object_name,
decode(object_type,
'DATABASE LINK', 'DB_LINK',
'JOB', 'PROCOBJ',
'RULE SET', 'PROCOBJ',
'RULE', 'PROCOBJ',
'EVALUATION CONTEXT', 'PROCOBJ',
'PACKAGE', 'PACKAGE_SPEC',
'PACKAGE BODY', 'PACKAGE_BODY',
'TYPE', 'TYPE_SPEC',
'TYPE BODY', 'TYPE_BODY',
'MATERIALIZED VIEW', 'MATERIALIZED_VIEW',
'QUEUE', 'AQ_QUEUE',
'JAVA CLASS', 'JAVA_CLASS',
'JAVA TYPE', 'JAVA_TYPE',
'JAVA SOURCE', 'JAVA_SOURCE',
'JAVA RESOURCE', 'JAVA_RESOURCE',
object_type
) object_type
from dba_objects
where owner in ('LHR')
--These objects are included with other object types.
and object_type not in ('INDEX PARTITION','INDEX SUBPARTITION',
'LOB','LOB PARTITION','LOB SUBPARTITION','TABLE PARTITION','TABLE SUBPARTITION','PROGRAM')
--Ignore system-generated types that support collection processing.
and not (object_type = 'TYPE' and object_name like 'SYS_PLSQL_%')
--Exclude nested tables, their DDL is part of their parent table.
and (owner, object_name) not in (select owner, table_name from dba_nested_tables)
--Exlclude overflow segments, their DDL is part of their parent table.
and (owner, object_name) not in (select owner, table_name from dba_tables where iot_type = 'IOT_OVERFLOW')
)
order by owner, object_type, object_name;
spool off
quit
EOF
cat schema.out|sed 's/OWNER1/MYOWNER/g'>schema.out.change.sql
下面介紹第二種匯出後設資料的方法，就是採用exp或expdp命令。資料泵工具（impdp）提供了SQLFILE的命令列選項，只獲取DDL語句，並未真正地執行資料匯入。另外，若單純為了匯出DDL語句則可以在使用expdp匯出的時候使用CONTENT=METADATA_ONLY和EXCLUDE=STATISTICS選項，這樣匯出的DMP檔案比較小。如下所示：
expdp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=lhrsql20161215.dmp LOGFILE=lhrsql20161215.log CONTENT=METADATA_ONLY SCHEMAS=SCOTT EXCLUDE=STATISTICS
impdp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=lhrsql20161215.dmp LOGFILE=imp_exptest.log SQLFILE=expddl_lhr.sql
檢視expddl_lhr.sql檔案即可獲取DDL語句。整個示例如下所示：
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>expdp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR schemas=SCOTT dumpfile=exptest_sql.dmp logfile=exp_exptest.dmp
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Aug 3 15:14:55 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR schemas=SCOTT dumpfile=exptest_sql.dmp logfile=exp_exptest.dmp
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 256 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."TEST" 5.007 KB 1 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Master table "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYS.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/oracle/app/oracle/admin/lhrdb/dpdump/exptest_sql.dmp
Job "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Wed Aug 3 15:15:16 2016 elapsed 0 00:00:20
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>impdp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=exptest_sql.dmp logfile=imp_exptest.log sqlfile=exptest.sql
Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Aug 3 15:16:06 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Master table "SYS"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYS"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01": "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=exptest_sql.dmp logfile=imp_exptest.log sqlfile=exptest.sql
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Job "SYS"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully completed at Wed Aug 3 15:16:09 2016 elapsed 0 00:00:02
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>cd /oracle/app/oracle/admin/lhrdb/dpdump/
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle/app/oracle/admin/lhrdb/dpdump>more exptest.sql
-- CONNECT SYS
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10150 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10904 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '25475 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10407 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10851 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1';
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '22830 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 192 ';
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
-- CONNECT SYSTEM
CREATE USER "SCOTT" IDENTIFIED BY VALUES 'S:268AB71B15071D81F19C6FC5041FA8F8E49397470FFE05458B8C90D9E7F8;F894844C34402B67'
DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USERS"
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP"
PASSWORD EXPIRE
ACCOUNT LOCK;
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO "SCOTT";
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
GRANT "CONNECT" TO "SCOTT";
GRANT "RESOURCE" TO "SCOTT";
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
ALTER USER "SCOTT" DEFAULT ROLE ALL;
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
-- CONNECT SCOTT
BEGIN
sys.dbms_logrep_imp.instantiate_schema(schema_name=>SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_SCHEMA'), export_db_name=>'LHRDB', inst_scn=>'4225469');
COMMIT;
END;
/
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
-- CONNECT SYS
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT"
( "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0),
"DNAME" VARCHAR2(14 BYTE),
"LOC" VARCHAR2(13 BYTE)
) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ;
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP"
( "EMPNO" NUMBER(4,0),
"ENAME" VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
"JOB" VARCHAR2(9 BYTE),
"MGR" NUMBER(4,0),
"HIREDATE" DATE,
"SAL" NUMBER(7,2),
"COMM" NUMBER(7,2),
"DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0)
) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ;
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."BONUS"
( "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
"JOB" VARCHAR2(9 BYTE),
"SAL" NUMBER,
"COMM" NUMBER
) SEGMENT CREATION DEFERRED
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
TABLESPACE "USERS" ;
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"
( "GRADE" NUMBER,
"LOSAL" NUMBER,
"HISAL" NUMBER
) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ;
CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."TEST"
( "DUMMY" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE)
) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ;
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
-- CONNECT SCOTT
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_DEPT" ON "SCOTT"."DEPT" ("DEPTNO")
PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" PARALLEL 1 ;
ALTER INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_DEPT" NOPARALLEL;
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_EMP" ON "SCOTT"."EMP" ("EMPNO")
PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" PARALLEL 1 ;
ALTER INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_EMP" NOPARALLEL;
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
-- CONNECT SYS
ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_DEPT" PRIMARY KEY ("DEPTNO")
USING INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_DEPT" ENABLE;
ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO")
USING INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_EMP" ENABLE;
-- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
DECLARE I_N VARCHAR2(60);
I_O VARCHAR2(60);
NV VARCHAR2(1);
c DBMS_METADATA.T_VAR_COLL;
df varchar2(21) := 'YYYY-MM-DD:HH24:MI:SS';
stmt varchar2(300) := ' INSERT INTO "SYS"."IMPDP_STATS" (type,version,flags,c1,c2,c3,c5,n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n6,n7,n8,n9,n10,n11,n12,d1,cl1) VALUES (''I'',6,:1,:2,:3,:4,:5,
:6,:7,:8,:9,:10,:11,:12,:13,NULL,:14,:15,NULL,:16,:17)';
BEGIN
DELETE FROM "SYS"."IMPDP_STATS";
i_n := 'PK_DEPT';
i_o := 'SCOTT';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE stmt USING 2,I_N,NV,NV,I_O,4,1,4,1,1,1,0,4,NV,NV,TO_DATE('2016-07-07 22:00:11',df),NV;
DBMS_STATS.IMPORT_INDEX_STATS('"' || i_o || '"','"' || i_n || '"',NULL,'"IMPDP_STATS"',NULL,'"SYS"');
DELETE FROM "SYS"."IMPDP_STATS";
END;
/
《《《《。。。。。。。。篇幅原因，有省略,剩下的都是統計資訊，生成sqlfile的時候也可以不用生成。。。。。。。。》》》》
imp工具使用SHOW=Y LOG=GET_DDL.sql的方式，可以看到清晰的DDL指令碼，同時也不會真正的執行資料匯入。另外，若單純為了匯出DDL語句則可以在使用exp匯出的時候使用ROWS=N選項，這樣匯出的DMP檔案比較小。如下所示：
exp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' TABLES=SCOTT.EMP FILE=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp LOG=/tmp/exp_table.log BUFFER=41943040 ROWS=N COMPRESS=N
imp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' FILE=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp SHOW=Y LOG=/tmp/get_ddl.sql BUFFER=20480000 FULL=Y
檢視get_ddl.sql檔案即可獲取DDL語句。不過對於exp生成的DDL語句不能直接使用，需要使用SHELL指令碼做相應的處理後才能使用。整個示例如下所示：
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>exp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' tables=scott.emp file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp log=/tmp/exp_table.log buffer=41943040 rows=n compress=n
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Aug 2 15:42:11 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Tes
Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
Note: table data (rows) will not be exported
About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
Current user changed to SCOTT
. . exporting table EMP
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>imp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp show=y log=/tmp/get_ddl.sql buffer=20480000 full=y
Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Aug 2 15:42:44 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Tes
Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing SYS's objects into SYS
. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT
"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""
"CREATE TABLE "EMP" ("EMPNO" NUMBER(4, 0), "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10), "JOB" VARCH"
"AR2(9), "MGR" NUMBER(4, 0), "HIREDATE" DATE, "SAL" NUMBER(7, 2), "COMM" NUM"
"BER(7, 2), "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2, 0)) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRAN"
"S 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST "
"GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS"
"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_EMP" ON "EMP" ("EMPNO" ) PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAX"
"TRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREEL"
"IST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING"
"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""
"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO") USING INDE"
"X PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MIN"
"EXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "US"
"ERS" LOGGING ENABLE "
"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPTNO") REFEREN"
"CES "DEPT" ("DEPTNO") ENABLE NOVALIDATE"
"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ENABLE CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO""
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>
由於格式比較混亂，直接執行會報錯，建榮的書中給了一段程式碼來格式化：
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>more /tmp/get_ddl.sql
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Tes
Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing SYS's objects into SYS
. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT
"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""
"CREATE TABLE "EMP" ("EMPNO" NUMBER(4, 0), "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10), "JOB" VARCH"
"AR2(9), "MGR" NUMBER(4, 0), "HIREDATE" DATE, "SAL" NUMBER(7, 2), "COMM" NUM"
"BER(7, 2), "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2, 0)) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRAN"
"S 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST "
"GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS"
"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_EMP" ON "EMP" ("EMPNO" ) PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAX"
"TRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREEL"
"IST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING"
"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""
"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO") USING INDE"
"X PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MIN"
"EXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "US"
"ERS" LOGGING ENABLE "
"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPTNO") REFEREN"
"CES "DEPT" ("DEPTNO") ENABLE NOVALIDATE"
"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ENABLE CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO""
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>more /tmp/gettabddl.sh
awk '
/ \"BEGIN / { N=1; }
/ \"CREATE / { N=1; }
/ \"CREATE INDEX/ { N=1; }
/ \"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX/ { N=1; }
/ \"ALTER / { N=1; }
/ \" ALTER / { N=1; }
/ \"ANALYZE / { N=1; }
/ \"GRANT / { N=1; }
/ \"COMMENT / { N=1; }
/ \"AUDIT / { N=1; }
N==1 { printf "\n/\n"; N++ }
/\"$/ {
if (N==0) next;
s=index( $0, "\"" );
ln0=length( $0 )
if ( s!=0 ) {
lcnt++
if ( lcnt >= 30 ) {
ln=substr( $0,s+1,length( substr($0,s+1))-1)
t=index( ln, ")," )
if ( t==0 ) { t=index( ln, ", " ) }
if ( t==0 ) { t=index( ln, ") " ) }
if ( t > 0 ) {
printf "%s\n%s",substr( ln,1,t+1), substr(ln, t+2)
lcnt=0
}
else {
printf "%s", ln
if ( ln0 < 78 ) { printf "\n" ; lcnt=0 }
}
}
else {
printf "%s",substr( $0,s+1,length( substr($0,s+1))-1 )
if ( ln0 < 78 ) { printf "\n" ; lcnt=0 }
}
}
}
END { printf "\n/\n"}
' $* |sed '1,2d; /^$/ d;
s/STORAGE *(INI/~ STORAGE (INI/g;
s/, "/,~ "/g;
s/ (\"/~ &/g;
s/PCT[FI]/~ &/g;
s/[( ]PARTITION /~&/g;
s/) TABLESPACE/)~ TABLESPACE/g;
s/ , / ,~/g;
s/ DATAFILE /&~/' | tr "~" "\n"
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>ksh /tmp/gettabddl.sh /tmp/get_ddl.sql > /tmp/gen_tabddl.sql
[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>more /tmp/gen_tabddl.sql
ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT"
/
CREATE TABLE "EMP"
("EMPNO" NUMBER(4, 0),
"ENAME" VARCHAR2(10),
"JOB" VARCHAR2(9),
"MGR" NUMBER(4, 0),
"HIREDATE" DATE,
"SAL" NUMBER(7, 2),
"COMM" NUMBER(7, 2),
"DEPTNO" NUMBER(2, 0))
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
STORAGE (INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS
/
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_EMP" ON "EMP"
("EMPNO" )
PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255
STORAGE (INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING
/
ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT"
/
ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY
("EMPNO") USING INDEX
PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255
STORAGE (INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING ENABLE
/
ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY
("DEPTNO") REFERENCES "DEPT"
("DEPTNO") ENABLE NOVALIDATE
/
ALTER TABLE "EMP" ENABLE CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO"
/
這樣執行起來就方便多了。
另外，使用imp工具的indexfile選項也可以把dmp檔案中的表和索引的建立語句匯出而不匯入任何物件，命令如下：
imp userid/userid@service_name file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp FULL=Y indexfile=/tmp/get_ti_ddl.sql rows=n
示例如下所示：
[oracle@rhel6lhr tmp]$ exp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' TABLES=SCOTT.EMP FILE=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp LOG=/tmp/exp_table.log BUFFER=41943040 ROWS=N COMPRESS=N
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 3 21:36:47 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
Note: table data (rows) will not be exported
About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
Current user changed to SCOTT
. . exporting table EMP
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
[oracle@rhel6lhr tmp]$ imp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp FULL=Y indexfile=/tmp/get_ti_ddl.sql rows=n
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 3 21:38:10 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
[oracle@rhel6lhr tmp]$ more /tmp/get_ti_ddl.sql
REM CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ("EMPNO" NUMBER(4, 0), "ENAME"
REM VARCHAR2(10), "JOB" VARCHAR2(9), "MGR" NUMBER(4, 0), "HIREDATE" DATE,
REM "SAL" NUMBER(7, 2), "COMM" NUMBER(7, 2), "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2, 0))
REM PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536
REM NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL
REM DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS ;
CONNECT SCOTT;
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_EMP" ON "EMP" ("EMPNO" ) PCTFREE 10
INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1
FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS"
LOGGING ;
REM ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY
REM ("EMPNO") USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255
REM STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST
REM GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING ENABLE ;
REM ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY
REM ("DEPTNO") REFERENCES "DEPT" ("DEPTNO") ENABLE NOVALIDATE ;
REM ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ENABLE CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" ;
[oracle@rhel6lhr tmp]$
可以看到其中的建立表的SQL語句被註釋掉了，這個可以用vi命令或者文字工具來處理，處理之後就可以直接使用了。
About Me
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