IOS 進階之 WKWebView

發表於2016-10-12

iOSWebView

標題圖片

前言

Xcode8釋出以後，編譯器開始不支援IOS7，所以很多應用在適配IOS10之後都不在適配IOS7了，其中包括了很多大公司，網易新聞，滴滴出行等。因此，我們公司的應用也打算淘汰IOS7。

支援到IOS8，第一個要改的自然是用WKWebView替換原來的UIWebView。WKWebView有很多明顯優勢:

更多的支援HTML5的特性
官方宣稱的高達60fps的滾動重新整理率以及內建手勢
將UIWebViewDelegate與UIWebView拆分成了14類與3個協議,以前很多不方便實現的功能得以實現。文件
Safari相同的JavaScript引擎
佔用更少的記憶體

UIWebView

WKWebView

因此，使用WkWebview替換UIWebView還是很有必要的。

基本使用方法

WKWebView有兩個delegate,WKUIDelegate 和 WKNavigationDelegate。WKNavigationDelegate主要處理一些跳轉、載入處理操作，WKUIDelegate主要處理JS指令碼，確認框，警告框等。因此WKNavigationDelegate更加常用。

比較常用的方法：

#pragma mark - lifeCircle
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    webView = [[WKWebView alloc]init];
    [self.view addSubview:webView];
    [webView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.left.equalTo(self.view);
        make.right.equalTo(self.view);
        make.top.equalTo(self.view);
        make.bottom.equalTo(self.view);
    }];
    webView.UIDelegate = self;
    webView.navigationDelegate = self;
    [webView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"]]];

}

#pragma mark - WKNavigationDelegate
// 頁面開始載入時呼叫
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didStartProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{

}
// 當內容開始返回時呼叫
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didCommitNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{

}
// 頁面載入完成之後呼叫
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFinishNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{

}
// 頁面載入失敗時呼叫
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{

}
// 接收到伺服器跳轉請求之後呼叫
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveServerRedirectForProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{

}
// 在收到響應後，決定是否跳轉
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationResponse:(WKNavigationResponse *)navigationResponse decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationResponsePolicy))decisionHandler{

    NSLog(@"%@",navigationResponse.response.URL.absoluteString);
    //允許跳轉
    decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyAllow);
    //不允許跳轉
    //decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyCancel);
}
// 在傳送請求之前，決定是否跳轉
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler{

     NSLog(@"%@",navigationAction.request.URL.absoluteString);
    //允許跳轉
    decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyAllow);
    //不允許跳轉
    //decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyCancel);
}
#pragma mark - WKUIDelegate
// 建立一個新的WebView
- (WKWebView *)webView:(WKWebView *)webView createWebViewWithConfiguration:(WKWebViewConfiguration *)configuration forNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction windowFeatures:(WKWindowFeatures *)windowFeatures{
    return [[WKWebView alloc]init];
}
// 輸入框
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptTextInputPanelWithPrompt:(NSString *)prompt defaultText:(nullable NSString *)defaultText initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(NSString * __nullable result))completionHandler{
    completionHandler(@"http");
}
// 確認框
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptConfirmPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL result))completionHandler{
    completionHandler(YES);
}
// 警告框
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptAlertPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler{
    NSLog(@"%@",message);
    completionHandler();
}

#pragma mark - lifeCircle

- (void)viewDidLoad {

[super viewDidLoad];

webView = [[WKWebView alloc]init];

[self.view addSubview:webView];

[webView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {

make.left.equalTo(self.view);

make.right.equalTo(self.view);

make.top.equalTo(self.view);

make.bottom.equalTo(self.view);

}];

webView.UIDelegate = self;

webView.navigationDelegate = self;

[webView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"]]];

}

#pragma mark - WKNavigationDelegate

// 頁面開始載入時呼叫

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didStartProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{

}

// 當內容開始返回時呼叫

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didCommitNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{

}

// 頁面載入完成之後呼叫

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFinishNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{

}

// 頁面載入失敗時呼叫

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{

}

// 接收到伺服器跳轉請求之後呼叫

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveServerRedirectForProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{

}

// 在收到響應後，決定是否跳轉

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationResponse:(WKNavigationResponse *)navigationResponse decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationResponsePolicy))decisionHandler{

NSLog(@"%@",navigationResponse.response.URL.absoluteString);

//允許跳轉

decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyAllow);

//不允許跳轉

//decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyCancel);

}

// 在傳送請求之前，決定是否跳轉

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler{

NSLog(@"%@",navigationAction.request.URL.absoluteString);

//允許跳轉

decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyAllow);

//不允許跳轉

//decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyCancel);

}

#pragma mark - WKUIDelegate

// 建立一個新的WebView

- (WKWebView *)webView:(WKWebView *)webView createWebViewWithConfiguration:(WKWebViewConfiguration *)configuration forNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction windowFeatures:(WKWindowFeatures *)windowFeatures{

return [[WKWebView alloc]init];

}

// 輸入框

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptTextInputPanelWithPrompt:(NSString *)prompt defaultText:(nullable NSString *)defaultText initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(NSString * __nullable result))completionHandler{

completionHandler(@"http");

}

// 確認框

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptConfirmPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL result))completionHandler{

completionHandler(YES);

}

// 警告框

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptAlertPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler{

NSLog(@"%@",message);

completionHandler();

}

OC與JS互動

WKWebview提供了API實現js互動不需要藉助JavaScriptCore或者webJavaScriptBridge。使用WKUserContentController實現js native互動。簡單的說就是先註冊約定好的方法，然後再呼叫。

JS呼叫OC方法

oc程式碼(有誤，記憶體不釋放):

@interface ViewController (){
    WKWebView * webView;
    WKUserContentController* userContentController;
}
@end
@implementation ViewController
#pragma mark - lifeCircle
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //配置環境
    WKWebViewConfiguration * configuration = [[WKWebViewConfiguration alloc]init];
    userContentController =[[WKUserContentController alloc]init];
    configuration.userContentController = userContentController;
    webView = [[WKWebView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100) configuration:configuration];
    //註冊方法
    [userContentController addScriptMessageHandler:self  name:@"sayhello"];//註冊一個name為sayhello的js方法

    [self.view addSubview:webView];
    [webView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.left.equalTo(self.view);
        make.right.equalTo(self.view);
        make.top.equalTo(self.view);
        make.bottom.equalTo(self.view);
    }];
    webView.UIDelegate = self;
    webView.navigationDelegate = self;
    [webView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.test.com"]]];
}
- (void)dealloc{
    //這裡需要注意，前面增加過的方法一定要remove掉。
    [userContentController removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:@"sayhello"];
}
#pragma mark - WKScriptMessageHandler
- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{
    NSLog(@"name:%@\\\\n body:%@\\\\n frameInfo:%@\\\\n",message.name,message.body,message.frameInfo);
}
@end

@interface ViewController (){

WKWebView * webView;

WKUserContentController* userContentController;

}

@end

@implementation ViewController

#pragma mark - lifeCircle

- (void)viewDidLoad {

[super viewDidLoad];

//配置環境

WKWebViewConfiguration * configuration = [[WKWebViewConfiguration alloc]init];

userContentController =[[WKUserContentController alloc]init];

configuration.userContentController = userContentController;

webView = [[WKWebView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100) configuration:configuration];

//註冊方法

[userContentController addScriptMessageHandler:self name:@"sayhello"];//註冊一個name為sayhello的js方法

[self.view addSubview:webView];

[webView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {

make.left.equalTo(self.view);

make.right.equalTo(self.view);

make.top.equalTo(self.view);

make.bottom.equalTo(self.view);

}];

webView.UIDelegate = self;

webView.navigationDelegate = self;

[webView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.test.com"]]];

}

- (void)dealloc{

//這裡需要注意，前面增加過的方法一定要remove掉。

[userContentController removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:@"sayhello"];

}

#pragma mark - WKScriptMessageHandler

- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{

NSLog(@"name:%@\\\\n body:%@\\\\n frameInfo:%@\\\\n",message.name,message.body,message.frameInfo);

}

@end

上面的OC程式碼如果認證測試一下就會發現dealloc並不會執行，這樣肯定是不行的，會造成記憶體洩漏。原因是[userContentController addScriptMessageHandler:self name:@"sayhello"];這句程式碼造成無法釋放記憶體。（ps:試了下用weak指標還是不能釋放，不知道是什麼原因。）因此還需要進一步改進，正確的寫法是用一個新的controller來處理,新的controller再繞用delegate繞回來。

oc程式碼(正確寫法):

@interface ViewController (){
    WKWebView * webView;
    WKUserContentController* userContentController;
}
@end
@implementation ViewController
#pragma mark - lifeCircle
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //配置環境
    WKWebViewConfiguration * configuration = [[WKWebViewConfiguration alloc]init];
    userContentController =[[WKUserContentController alloc]init];
    configuration.userContentController = userContentController;
    webView = [[WKWebView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100) configuration:configuration];
    //註冊方法
    WKDelegateController * delegateController = [[WKDelegateController alloc]init];
    delegateController.delegate = self;

    [userContentController addScriptMessageHandler:delegateController  name:@"sayhello"];

    [self.view addSubview:webView];
    [webView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.left.equalTo(self.view);
        make.right.equalTo(self.view);
        make.top.equalTo(self.view);
        make.bottom.equalTo(self.view);
    }];
    webView.UIDelegate = self;
    webView.navigationDelegate = self;
    [webView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.test.com"]]];
}
- (void)dealloc{
    //這裡需要注意，前面增加過的方法一定要remove掉。
    [userContentController removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:@"sayhello"];
}
#pragma mark - WKScriptMessageHandler
- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{
    NSLog(@"name:%@\\\\n body:%@\\\\n frameInfo:%@\\\\n",message.name,message.body,message.frameInfo);
}
@end

@interface ViewController (){

WKWebView * webView;

WKUserContentController* userContentController;

}

@end

@implementation ViewController

#pragma mark - lifeCircle

- (void)viewDidLoad {

[super viewDidLoad];

//配置環境

WKWebViewConfiguration * configuration = [[WKWebViewConfiguration alloc]init];

userContentController =[[WKUserContentController alloc]init];

configuration.userContentController = userContentController;

webView = [[WKWebView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100) configuration:configuration];

//註冊方法

WKDelegateController * delegateController = [[WKDelegateController alloc]init];

delegateController.delegate = self;

[userContentController addScriptMessageHandler:delegateController name:@"sayhello"];

[self.view addSubview:webView];

[webView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {

make.left.equalTo(self.view);

make.right.equalTo(self.view);

make.top.equalTo(self.view);

make.bottom.equalTo(self.view);

}];

webView.UIDelegate = self;

webView.navigationDelegate = self;

[webView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.test.com"]]];

}

- (void)dealloc{

//這裡需要注意，前面增加過的方法一定要remove掉。

[userContentController removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:@"sayhello"];

}

#pragma mark - WKScriptMessageHandler

- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{

NSLog(@"name:%@\\\\n body:%@\\\\n frameInfo:%@\\\\n",message.name,message.body,message.frameInfo);

}

@end

WKDelegateController程式碼：

#import 
#import 
@protocol WKDelegate 

- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message;

@end

@interface WKDelegateController : UIViewController 

@property (weak , nonatomic) id delegate;

@end

#import

@protocol WKDelegate

- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message;

@end

@interface WKDelegateController : UIViewController

@property (weak , nonatomic) id delegate;

@end

.m程式碼：

#import "WKDelegateController.h"

@interface WKDelegateController ()

@end

@implementation WKDelegateController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
}

- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{
    if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(userContentController:didReceiveScriptMessage:)]) {
        [self.delegate userContentController:userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:message];
    }
}


@end

#import "WKDelegateController.h"

@interface WKDelegateController ()

@end

@implementation WKDelegateController

- (void)viewDidLoad {

[super viewDidLoad];

}

- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{

if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(userContentController:didReceiveScriptMessage:)]) {

[self.delegate userContentController:userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:message];

}

@end

h5程式碼:

<html>
<head>
    <script>
function say()
{
//前端需要用 window.webkit.messageHandlers.註冊的方法名.postMessage({body:傳輸的資料} 來給native傳送訊息
    window.webkit.messageHandlers.sayhello.postMessage({body: 'hello world!'});
}
</script>
</head>
    <body>
        <h1>hello world</h1>
        <button onclick="say()">say hello</button>
    </body>

</html>

<html>

<head>

function say()

{

//前端需要用 window.webkit.messageHandlers.註冊的方法名.postMessage({body:傳輸的資料} 來給native傳送訊息

window.webkit.messageHandlers.sayhello.postMessage({body: 'hello world!'});

}

</script>

</head>

<body>

<h1>hello world</h1>

<button onclick="say()">say hello</button>

</body>

</html>

列印出的log：

 name:sayhello
 body:{
    body = "hello world!";
}
 frameInfo: { URL: http://www.test.com/ }>

name:sayhello

body:{

body = "hello world!";

}

frameInfo: { URL: http://www.test.com/ }>

注意點

addScriptMessageHandler要和removeScriptMessageHandlerForName配套出現，否則會造成記憶體洩漏。
h5只能傳一個引數，如果需要多個引數就需要用字典或者json組裝。

oc呼叫JS方法

程式碼如下：

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)tmpWebView didFinishNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{

    //say()是JS方法名，completionHandler是非同步回撥block
    [webView evaluateJavaScript:@"say()" completionHandler:^(id _Nullable result, NSError * _Nullable error) {
        NSLog(@"%@",result);
    }];

}

- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)tmpWebView didFinishNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation{

//say()是JS方法名，completionHandler是非同步回撥block

[webView evaluateJavaScript:@"say()" completionHandler:^(id _Nullable result, NSError * _Nullable error) {

NSLog(@"%@",result);

}];

}

h5程式碼同上。

WebViewJavascriptBridge

一般來說，一個好的UI總有一個大神會開發出一個好的第三方封裝框架。WebViewJavascriptBridge的作者也做了一套支援WKWebView與JS互動的第三方框架:WKWebViewJavascriptBridge。

cocoaPods: pod ‘WebViewJavascriptBridge’, ‘~> 5.0.5’
github地址：https://github.com/marcuswestin/WebViewJavascriptBridge

主要方法如下：

//初始化方法
+ (instancetype)bridgeForWebView:(WKWebView*)webView;
+ (void)enableLogging;

//註冊函式名
- (void)registerHandler:(NSString*)handlerName handler:(WVJBHandler)handler;

//呼叫函式名
- (void)callHandler:(NSString*)handlerName;
- (void)callHandler:(NSString*)handlerName data:(id)data;
- (void)callHandler:(NSString*)handlerName data:(id)data responseCallback:(WVJBResponseCallback)responseCallback;

//重置
- (void)reset;

//設定WKNavigationDelegate
- (void)setWebViewDelegate:(id)webViewDelegate;

//初始化方法

+ (instancetype)bridgeForWebView:(WKWebView*)webView;

+ (void)enableLogging;

//註冊函式名

- (void)registerHandler:(NSString*)handlerName handler:(WVJBHandler)handler;

//呼叫函式名

- (void)callHandler:(NSString*)handlerName;

- (void)callHandler:(NSString*)handlerName data:(id)data;

- (void)callHandler:(NSString*)handlerName data:(id)data responseCallback:(WVJBResponseCallback)responseCallback;

//重置

- (void)reset;

//設定WKNavigationDelegate

- (void)setWebViewDelegate:(id)webViewDelegate;

基本的實現方法和上面寫的差不多，就是封裝了一下，有興趣的童鞋可以自己pod下來使用。

我是翻滾的牛寶寶，歡迎大家評論交流~

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IOS 進階之 WKWebView

前言

基本使用方法

OC與JS互動

JS呼叫OC方法

注意點

oc呼叫JS方法

WebViewJavascriptBridge

我是翻滾的牛寶寶，歡迎大家評論交流~

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