說明：前面已經瞭解了InnoDB關於在出現鎖等待的時候，會根據引數innodb_lock_wait_timeout的配置，判斷是否需要進行timeout的操作，本文件介紹在出現鎖等待時候的檢視及分析處理；

在InnoDB Plugin之前，一般透過show full processlist和show engine innodb status命令檢視當前的資料庫請求，然後再判斷當前事務中鎖的情況。隨著mysql的發展，已經提供更加便捷的方法來監控資料庫中的鎖等待現象了。

在information_schema下面有三張表:INNODB_TRX、INNODB_LOCKS、INNODB_LOCK_WAITS，透過這三張表，可以更簡單地監控當前的事務並分析可能存在的問題。

INNODB_TRX表及結構

Column name	Description
TRX_ID	Unique transaction ID number, internal to InnoDB. (Starting in MySQL 5.6, these IDs are not created for transactions that are read-only and non-locking. See Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions for details.)
TRX_WEIGHT	The weight of a transaction, reflecting (but not necessarily the exact count of) the number of rows altered and the number of rows locked by the transaction. To resolve a deadlock, InnoDB selects the transaction with the smallest weight as the “victim” to rollback. Transactions that have changed non-transactional tables are considered heavier than others, regardless of the number of altered and locked rows.
TRX_STATE	Transaction execution state. One of RUNNING, LOCK WAIT, ROLLING BACK or COMMITTING.
TRX_STARTED	Transaction start time.
TRX_REQUESTED_LOCK_ID	ID of the lock the transaction is currently waiting for (if TRX_STATE is LOCK WAIT, otherwise NULL). Details about the lock can be found by joining with INNODB_LOCKS on LOCK_ID.
TRX_WAIT_STARTED	Time when the transaction started waiting on the lock (if TRX_STATE is LOCK WAIT, otherwise NULL).
TRX_MYSQL_THREAD_ID	MySQL thread ID. Can be used for joining with PROCESSLIST on ID. See Section 14.17.2.3.1, “Potential Inconsistency with PROCESSLIST Data”.
TRX_QUERY	The SQL query that is being executed by the transaction.
TRX_OPERATION_STATE	The transaction's current operation, or NULL.
TRX_TABLES_IN_USE	The number of InnoDB tables used while processing the current SQL statement of this transaction.
TRX_TABLES_LOCKED	Number of InnoDB tables that the current SQL statement has row locks on. (Because these are row locks, not table locks, the tables can usually still be read from and written to by multiple transactions, despite some rows being locked.)
TRX_LOCK_STRUCTS	The number of locks reserved by the transaction.
TRX_LOCK_MEMORY_BYTES	Total size taken up by the lock structures of this transaction in memory.
TRX_ROWS_LOCKED	Approximate number or rows locked by this transaction. The value might include delete-marked rows that are physically present but not visible to the transaction.
TRX_ROWS_MODIFIED	The number of modified and inserted rows in this transaction.
TRX_CONCURRENCY_TICKETS	A value indicating how much work the current transaction can do before being swapped out, as specified by the innodb_concurrency_tickets option.
TRX_ISOLATION_LEVEL	The isolation level of the current transaction.
TRX_UNIQUE_CHECKS	Whether unique checks are turned on or off for the current transaction. (They might be turned off during a bulk data load, for example.)
TRX_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS	Whether foreign key checks are turned on or off for the current transaction. (They might be turned off during a bulk data load, for example.)
TRX_LAST_FOREIGN_KEY_ERROR	Detailed error message for last FK error, or NULL.
TRX_ADAPTIVE_HASH_LATCHED	Whether or not the adaptive hash index is locked by the current transaction. (Only a single transaction at a time can modify the adaptive hash index.)
TRX_ADAPTIVE_HASH_TIMEOUT	Whether to relinquish the search latch immediately for the adaptive hash index, or reserve it across calls from MySQL. When there is no AHI contention, this value remains zero and statements reserve the latch until they finish. During times of contention, it counts down to zero, and statements release the latch immediately after each row lookup.
TRX_IS_READ_ONLY	A value of 1 indicates the transaction is read-only. (5.6.4 and up.)
TRX_AUTOCOMMIT_NON_LOCKING	A value of 1 indicates the transaction is a SELECT statement that does not use the FOR UPDATE or LOCK IN SHARED MODE clauses, and is executing with the autocommit setting turned on so that the transaction will only contain this one statement. (5.6.4 and up.) When this column and TRX_IS_READ_ONLY are both 1, InnoDB optimizes the transaction to reduce the overhead associated with transactions that change table data.

比較常用的列：

trx_id:InnoDB儲存引擎內部唯一的事物ID
trx_status:當前事務的狀態
trx_status:事務的開始時間
trx_requested_lock_id：等待事務的鎖ID
trx_wait_started：事務等待的開始時間
trx_weight：事務的權重，反應一個事務修改和鎖定的行數，當發現死鎖需要回滾時，權重越小的值被回滾
trx_mysql_thread_id：MySQL中的程式ID，與show processlist中的ID值相對應
trx_query：事務執行的SQL語句

INNODB_LOCKS

Column name	Description
LOCK_ID	Unique lock ID number, internal to InnoDB. Treat it as an opaque string. Although LOCK_ID currently contains TRX_ID, the format of the data in LOCK_ID is not guaranteed to remain the same in future releases. Do not write programs that parse the LOCK_ID value.
LOCK_TRX_ID	ID of the transaction holding this lock. Details about the transaction can be found by joining with INNODB_TRX on TRX_ID.
LOCK_MODE	Mode of the lock. One of S, X, IS, IX, S_GAP, X_GAP, IS_GAP, IX_GAP, or AUTO_INC for shared, exclusive, intention shared, intention exclusive row locks, shared and exclusive gap locks, intention shared and intention exclusive gap locks, and auto-increment table level lock, respectively. Refer to the sections Section 14.5.3, “InnoDB Lock Modes” and Section 14.5.2, “The InnoDB Transaction Model and Locking” for information on InnoDB locking.
LOCK_TYPE	Type of the lock. One of RECORD or TABLE for record (row) level or table level locks, respectively.
LOCK_TABLE	Name of the table that has been locked or contains locked records.
LOCK_INDEX	Name of the index if LOCK_TYPE='RECORD', otherwise NULL.
LOCK_SPACE	Tablespace ID of the locked record if LOCK_TYPE='RECORD', otherwise NULL.
LOCK_PAGE	Page number of the locked record if LOCK_TYPE='RECORD', otherwise NULL.
LOCK_REC	Heap number of the locked record within the page if LOCK_TYPE='RECORD', otherwise NULL.
LOCK_DATA	Primary key value(s) of the locked record if LOCK_TYPE='RECORD', otherwise NULL. This column contains the value(s) of the primary key column(s) in the locked row, formatted as a valid SQL string (ready to be copied to SQL commands). If there is no primary key then the InnoDB internal unique row ID number is used. If a gap lock is taken for key values or ranges above the largest value in the index, LOCK_DATA reports “supremum pseudo-record”. When the page containing the locked record is not in the buffer pool (in the case that it was paged out to disk while the lock was held), InnoDB does not fetch the page from disk, to avoid unnecessary disk operations. Instead, LOCK_DATA is set to NULL.

INNODB_LOCK_WAITS

Column name	Description
REQUESTING_TRX_ID	ID of the requesting transaction.
REQUESTED_LOCK_ID	ID of the lock for which a transaction is waiting. Details about the lock can be found by joining with INNODB_LOCKS on LOCK_ID.
BLOCKING_TRX_ID	ID of the blocking transaction.
BLOCKING_LOCK_ID	ID of a lock held by a transaction blocking another transaction from proceeding. Details about the lock can be found by joining with INNODB_LOCKS on LOCK_ID.

以上這些表，其實只要知道其中比較常用的欄位，就差不多能夠滿足日常的工作需求了，下面透過測試進行演示；

一、準備工作

1、在test下面隨便建立一張表john，並取消自動commit操作，指令碼如下：

mysql> use information_schema
Database changed

mysql> select count(*) from tables;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 81 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)

mysql> create table test.john as select * from tables;
Query OK, 82 rows affected (0.29 sec)
Records: 82 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> insert into john select * from john;
Query OK, 671744 rows affected (2 min 19.03 sec)
Records: 671744 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

（經過幾次插入後john表的資料671744行）

mysql> set @@autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

（取消資料庫的自動commit）

二、進行表john加鎖操作，指令碼如下：

mysql> select count(*) from john for update;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 2686976 |
+----------+
1 row in set (8.19 sec)

在另外一個視窗中監控innodb鎖的狀態；

mysql> SELECT * FROM INNODB_TRX\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                    trx_id: B14                                                /請記住該trx_id/
                 trx_state: RUNNING                                       /當前狀態/
               trx_started: 2014-11-29 14:07:51
     trx_requested_lock_id: NULL
          trx_wait_started: NULL
                trx_weight: 15905
       trx_mysql_thread_id: 10                                          /在process 裡面的id值/
                 trx_query: select count(*) from john for update;    /當前執行的語句/
       trx_operation_state: fetching rows
         trx_tables_in_use: 1
         trx_tables_locked: 1
          trx_lock_structs: 15905
     trx_lock_memory_bytes: 1554872
           trx_rows_locked: 1360743
         trx_rows_modified: 0
   trx_concurrency_tickets: 0
       trx_isolation_level: REPEATABLE READ
         trx_unique_checks: 1
    trx_foreign_key_checks: 1
trx_last_foreign_key_error: NULL
trx_adaptive_hash_latched: 0
trx_adaptive_hash_timeout: 10000
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

trx_id: B14 只是持有鎖，但並沒有產生鎖等待；

三、模擬鎖等待

3.1 在另外一個視窗中，執行語句：

mysql> select count(*) from john where table_name='CHARACTER_SETS' for update;

3.2 檢視當前鎖等待的情況

INNODB_TRX的鎖情況：

mysql> SELECT * FROM INNODB_TRX\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                    trx_id: B15
                 trx_state: LOCK WAIT                       //狀態為鎖等待//
               trx_started: 2014-11-29 14:12:28
     trx_requested_lock_id: B15:0:32777:2
          trx_wait_started: 2014-11-29 14:12:28
                trx_weight: 2
       trx_mysql_thread_id: 10                           //在process裡面可以看到相應的狀態//
                 trx_query: select count(*) from john where table_name='CHARACTER_SETS' for update                //鎖等待的語句//
       trx_operation_state: starting index read
         trx_tables_in_use: 1
         trx_tables_locked: 1
          trx_lock_structs: 2
     trx_lock_memory_bytes: 376
           trx_rows_locked: 1
         trx_rows_modified: 0
   trx_concurrency_tickets: 0
       trx_isolation_level: REPEATABLE READ
         trx_unique_checks: 1
    trx_foreign_key_checks: 1
trx_last_foreign_key_error: NULL
trx_adaptive_hash_latched: 0
trx_adaptive_hash_timeout: 10000
*************************** 2. row ***************************
                    trx_id: B14
                 trx_state: RUNNING
               trx_started: 2014-11-29 14:07:51
     trx_requested_lock_id: NULL
          trx_wait_started: NULL
                trx_weight: 31777
       trx_mysql_thread_id: 8
                 trx_query: NULL
       trx_operation_state: NULL
         trx_tables_in_use: 0
         trx_tables_locked: 0
          trx_lock_structs: 31777
     trx_lock_memory_bytes: 3094968
           trx_rows_locked: 2718752
         trx_rows_modified: 0
   trx_concurrency_tickets: 0
       trx_isolation_level: REPEATABLE READ
         trx_unique_checks: 1
    trx_foreign_key_checks: 1
trx_last_foreign_key_error: NULL
trx_adaptive_hash_latched: 0
trx_adaptive_hash_timeout: 10000
2 rows in set (0.02 sec)

請注意：因為我們只有模擬兩個session，所以這邊只有兩個會話。（因此一個處於鎖等待，另外一個必然就是持有鎖的物件。實際的生產環境中可能這邊會出現很多列，所以需要用下面的語句才能判斷：鎖等待和持有鎖物件的匹配關係）

3.3 鎖等待和持有鎖的相互關係

mysql> SELECT * FROM INNODB_LOCK_WAITS\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
requesting_trx_id: B15
requested_lock_id: B15:0:32777:2
blocking_trx_id: B14
blocking_lock_id: B14:0:32777:2
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

透過檢視INNODB_LOCK_WAITS可以清晰的看到B14持有鎖，而B15處於鎖等待；

3.4 鎖等待的原因

mysql> SELECT * FROM INNODB_LOCKS\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
    lock_id: B15:0:32777:2
lock_trx_id: B15
lock_mode: X
lock_type: RECORD
lock_table: `test`.`john`
lock_index: `GEN_CLUST_INDEX`
lock_space: 0
lock_page: 32777
   lock_rec: 2
lock_data: 0x000000640000
*************************** 2. row ***************************
    lock_id: B14:0:32777:2
lock_trx_id: B14
lock_mode: X
lock_type: RECORD
lock_table: `test`.`john`
lock_index: `GEN_CLUST_INDEX`
lock_space: 0
lock_page: 32777
   lock_rec: 2
lock_data: 0x000000640000
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

可以看到持有鎖的模式、物件

3.5 在程式裡面檢視狀態

mysql InnoDB鎖等待的檢視及分析

Id值為8的程式，Info顯示為NULL值，可以推斷當前的session由於未進行commit導致鎖未釋放的；

總結：透過以上幾個檢視，就可以很快速的判斷出鎖等待的物件及原因了，從這上面也可以看出mysql管理更加便捷和容易了；

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本文作者：JOHN，某上市公司DBA，業餘時間專注於資料庫的技術管理，從管理的角度去運用技術。

ORACLE技術部落格：ORACLE 獵人筆記資料庫技術群：367875324 （請備註ORACLE管理）

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mysql InnoDB鎖等待的檢視及分析

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