前言
本文 GitBook 地址: https://www.gitbook.com/book/leoyang90/laravel-source-analysis
在前兩篇文章中,向大家介紹了定義關聯關係的原始碼,還有基於關聯關係的關聯模型載入與查詢的原始碼分析,本文開始介紹第三部分,如何利用關聯關係來更新插入關聯模型。
hasOne/hasMany/MorphOne/MorphMany 更新與插入
save 方法
正向的一對一、一對多關聯儲存方法用於對子模型設定外來鍵值:
public function save(Model $model)
{
$this->setForeignAttributesForCreate($model);
return $model->save() ? $model : false;
}
protected function setForeignAttributesForCreate(Model $model)
{
$model->setAttribute($this->getForeignKeyName(), $this->getParentKey());
}
public function getParentKey()
{
return $this->parent->getAttribute($this->localKey);
}
saveMany 方法
public function saveMany($models)
{
foreach ($models as $model) {
$this->save($model);
}
return $models;
}
create 方法
create
方法與 save
方法功能一致,唯一不同的是 create
的引數是屬性,save
方法的引數是 model
。
public function create(array $attributes = [])
{
return tap($this->related->newInstance($attributes), function ($instance) {
$this->setForeignAttributesForCreate($instance);
$instance->save();
});
}
protected function setForeignAttributesForCreate(Model $model)
{
$model->setAttribute($this->getForeignKeyName(), $this->getParentKey());
}
createMany 方法
public function createMany(array $records)
{
$instances = $this->related->newCollection();
foreach ($records as $record) {
$instances->push($this->create($record));
}
return $instances;
}
make 方法
make
方法用於建立子模型物件,但是並不進行儲存操作:
public function make(array $attributes = [])
{
return tap($this->related->newInstance($attributes), function ($instance) {
$this->setForeignAttributesForCreate($instance);
});
}
update 方法
update
方法用於更新子模型的屬性,值得注意的是時間戳的更新:
public function update(array $attributes)
{
if ($this->related->usesTimestamps()) {
$attributes[$this->relatedUpdatedAt()] = $this->related->freshTimestampString();
}
return $this->query->update($attributes);
}
findOrNew 方法
public function findOrNew($id, $columns = ['*'])
{
if (is_null($instance = $this->find($id, $columns))) {
$instance = $this->related->newInstance();
$this->setForeignAttributesForCreate($instance);
}
return $instance;
}
firstOrCreate 方法
實際呼叫的是 create
方法:
public function firstOrCreate(array $attributes, array $values = [])
{
if (is_null($instance = $this->where($attributes)->first())) {
$instance = $this->create($attributes + $values);
}
return $instance;
}
updateOrCreate 方法
public function updateOrCreate(array $attributes, array $values = [])
{
return tap($this->firstOrNew($attributes), function ($instance) use ($values) {
$instance->fill($values);
$instance->save();
});
}
belongsTo/MorphTo 更新
save 方法
如果我們在子模型加一個包含關聯名稱的 touches
屬性後,當我們更新一個子模型時,對應父模型的 updated_at
欄位也會被同時更新:
class Comment extends Model
{
protected $touches = ['post'];
public function post()
{
return $this->belongsTo('App\Post');
}
}
$comment = App\Comment::find(1);
$comment->text = '編輯了這條評論!';
$comment->save();
這是由於,對子模型呼叫 save
方法會引發 finishSave
函式:
protected function finishSave(array $options)
{
$this->fireModelEvent('saved', false);
if ($this->isDirty() && ($options['touch'] ?? true)) {
$this->touchOwners();
}
$this->syncOriginal();
}
可以看到,touchOwners
函式被呼叫:
public function touchOwners()
{
foreach ($this->touches as $relation) {
$this->$relation()->touch();
if ($this->$relation instanceof self) {
$this->$relation->fireModelEvent('saved', false);
$this->$relation->touchOwners();
} elseif ($this->$relation instanceof Collection) {
$this->$relation->each(function (Model $relation) {
$relation->touchOwners();
});
}
}
}
可以看到,touchOwners
函式會呼叫 touch
函式,該函式用於更新父模型的時間戳:
public function touch()
{
$column = $this->getRelated()->getUpdatedAtColumn();
$this->rawUpdate([$column => $this->getRelated()->freshTimestampString()]);
}
之後,父模型還會遞迴呼叫 touchOwners
函式,不斷更新上一級的父模型。
update 方法
belongsTo/MorphTo
的更新方法用於父模型的屬性更新:
public function update(array $attributes)
{
return $this->getResults()->fill($attributes)->save();
}
associate 方法
如果想要更新 belongsTo
關聯時,可以使用 associate
方法。此方法會在子模型中設定外來鍵:
public function associate($model)
{
$ownerKey = $model instanceof Model ? $model->getAttribute($this->ownerKey) : $model;
$this->child->setAttribute($this->foreignKey, $ownerKey);
if ($model instanceof Model) {
$this->child->setRelation($this->relation, $model);
}
return $this->child;
}
dissociate 方法
當刪除 belongsTo 關聯時,可以使用 dissociate方法。此方法會設定關聯外來鍵為 null:
public function dissociate()
{
$this->child->setAttribute($this->foreignKey, null);
return $this->child->setRelation($this->relation, null);
}
belongsToMany 更新與插入
attach 方法
attach
方法用於為多對多關係新增新的關聯關係,主要進行了中間表的插入工作,用法:
$user = App\User::find(1);
$user->roles()->attach($roleId);
//也可以通過傳遞一個陣列引數向中間表寫入額外資料
$user->roles()->attach($roleId, ['expires' => $expires]);
//為了方便,還允許傳入 ID 陣列:
$user->roles()->attach([
1 => ['expires' => $expires],
2 => ['expires' => $expires]
]);
原始碼:
public function attach($id, array $attributes = [], $touch = true)
{
$this->newPivotStatement()->insert($this->formatAttachRecords(
$this->parseIds($id), $attributes
));
if ($touch) {
$this->touchIfTouching();
}
}
protected function parseIds($value)
{
if ($value instanceof Model) {
return [$value->getKey()];
}
if ($value instanceof Collection) {
return $value->modelKeys();
}
if ($value instanceof BaseCollection) {
return $value->toArray();
}
return (array) $value;
}
public function newPivotStatement()
{
return $this->query->getQuery()->newQuery()->from($this->table);
}
可以看到,attach
函式最重要的是對中間表插入新資料。
在說這段程式碼之前,我們要先說說多對多關聯關係獨有的設定:
中間表 Pivot 特殊初始化設定
- 自定義中間表模型
class Role extends Model
{
/**
* 獲得此角色下的使用者。
*/
public function users()
{
return $this->belongsToMany('App\User')->using('App\UserRole');
}
}
using
原始碼非常簡單:
public function using($class)
{
$this->using = $class;
return $this;
}
- 中間表時間戳欄位
return $this->belongsToMany('App\Role')->withTimestamps();
withTimestamps
原始碼:
public function withTimestamps($createdAt = null, $updatedAt = null)
{
$this->pivotCreatedAt = $createdAt;
$this->pivotUpdatedAt = $updatedAt;
return $this->withPivot($this->createdAt(), $this->updatedAt());
}
public function createdAt()
{
return $this->pivotCreatedAt ?: $this->parent->getCreatedAtColumn();
}
public function updatedAt()
{
return $this->pivotUpdatedAt ?: $this->parent->getUpdatedAtColumn();
}
- 中間表自定義欄位
return $this->belongsToMany('App\Role')->withPivot('column1', 'column2');
自定義欄位都會存放在 pivotColumns
中:
public function withPivot($columns)
{
$this->pivotColumns = array_merge(
$this->pivotColumns, is_array($columns) ? $columns : func_get_args()
);
return $this;
}
中間表時間戳
我們接著說中間表的插入程式碼:
protected function formatAttachRecords($ids, array $attributes)
{
$records = [];
$hasTimestamps = ($this->hasPivotColumn($this->createdAt()) ||
$this->hasPivotColumn($this->updatedAt()));
$attributes = $this->using
? $this->newPivot()->forceFill($attributes)->getAttributes()
: $attributes;
foreach ($ids as $key => $value) {
$records[] = $this->formatAttachRecord(
$key, $value, $attributes, $hasTimestamps
);
}
return $records;
}
如果我們在設定多對多關聯關係的時候,使用了時間戳,那麼 hasTimestamps
就會為 true
。
初始化 Pivot
當我們設定了自定義的中間表模型時,就會呼叫 newPivot
函式:
public function newPivot(array $attributes = [], $exists = false)
{
$pivot = $this->related->newPivot(
$this->parent, $attributes, $this->table, $exists, $this->using
);
return $pivot->setPivotKeys($this->foreignPivotKey, $this->relatedPivotKey);
}
public function newPivot(Model $parent, array $attributes, $table, $exists, $using = null)
{
return $using ? $using::fromRawAttributes($parent, $attributes, $table, $exists)
: Pivot::fromAttributes($parent, $attributes, $table, $exists);
}
public function setPivotKeys($foreignKey, $relatedKey)
{
$this->foreignKey = $foreignKey;
$this->relatedKey = $relatedKey;
return $this;
}
可以看到,newPivot
會返回 Pivot
型別的物件,另外為中間表設定了 foreignKey
與 relatedKey
生成 insert 陣列
protected function formatAttachRecord($key, $value, $attributes, $hasTimestamps)
{
list($id, $attributes) = $this->extractAttachIdAndAttributes($key, $value, $attributes);
return array_merge(
$this->baseAttachRecord($id, $hasTimestamps), $attributes
);
}
protected function extractAttachIdAndAttributes($key, $value, array $attributes)
{
return is_array($value)
? [$key, array_merge($value, $attributes)]
: [$value, $attributes];
}
extractAttachIdAndAttributes
用於獲得插入記錄的主鍵 id
,與其對應的屬性。由於可以這樣進行傳入引數:
$user->roles()->attach([
1 => ['expires' => $expires],
2 => ['expires' => $expires]
]);
所以要判斷一下 value
是否是陣列。baseAttachRecord
最終生成用於 insert
的屬性陣列:
protected function baseAttachRecord($id, $timed)
{
$record[$this->relatedPivotKey] = $id;
$record[$this->foreignPivotKey] = $this->parent->{$this->parentKey};
if ($timed) {
$record = $this->addTimestampsToAttachment($record);
}
return $record;
}
protected function addTimestampsToAttachment(array $record, $exists = false)
{
$fresh = $this->parent->freshTimestamp();
if (! $exists && $this->hasPivotColumn($this->createdAt())) {
$record[$this->createdAt()] = $fresh;
}
if ($this->hasPivotColumn($this->updatedAt())) {
$record[$this->updatedAt()] = $fresh;
}
return $record;
}
touchIfTouching 更新多對多時間戳更新
對中間表進行插入操作後,就要對父模型與 related
模型進行時間戳更新操作:
public function touchIfTouching()
{
if ($this->touchingParent()) {
$this->getParent()->touch();
}
if ($this->getParent()->touches($this->relationName)) {
$this->touch();
}
}
public function touch()
{
if (! $this->usesTimestamps()) {
return false;
}
$this->updateTimestamps();
return $this->save();
}
首先,如果 related
模型的 touchs
陣列中有本多對多關係,那麼父模型就要進行時間戳更新操作:
protected function touchingParent()
{
return $this->getRelated()->touches($this->guessInverseRelation());
}
protected function guessInverseRelation()
{
return Str::camel(Str::plural(class_basename($this->getParent())));
}
其次,如果父模型的 touchs
陣列中存在多對多關聯,那麼就要進行多對多關聯的 touch
函式,對 related
模型進行時間戳更新操作:
public function touch()
{
$key = $this->getRelated()->getKeyName();
$columns = [
$this->related->getUpdatedAtColumn() => $this->related->freshTimestampString(),
];
if (count($ids = $this->allRelatedIds()) > 0) {
$this->getRelated()->newQuery()->whereIn($key, $ids)->update($columns);
}
}
public function allRelatedIds()
{
return $this->newPivotQuery()->pluck($this->relatedPivotKey);
}
save 方法
belongsToMany
的 save
方法用於更新多對多關係,該函式會:
- 更新
related
模型屬性 - 在中間表中新增新的記錄
- 更新父模型與
related
模型的時間戳
主要呼叫了 attach
函式:
public function save(Model $model, array $pivotAttributes = [], $touch = true)
{
$model->save(['touch' => false]);
$this->attach($model->getKey(), $pivotAttributes, $touch);
return $model;
}
saveMany 方法
public function saveMany($models, array $pivotAttributes = [])
{
foreach ($models as $key => $model) {
$this->save($model, (array) ($pivotAttributes[$key] ?? []), false);
}
$this->touchIfTouching();
return $models;
}
create 方法
多對多的 create
方法用於儲存 related
的屬性,並且可以為中間表新增 joining
屬性資訊:
public function create(array $attributes = [], array $joining = [], $touch = true)
{
$instance = $this->related->newInstance($attributes);
$instance->save(['touch' => false]);
$this->attach($instance->getKey(), $joining, $touch);
return $instance;
}
createMany 方法
public function createMany(array $records, array $joinings = [])
{
$instances = [];
foreach ($records as $key => $record) {
$instances[] = $this->create($record, (array) ($joinings[$key] ?? []), false);
}
$this->touchIfTouching();
return $instances;
}
detach 方法
detach
方法比較簡單,重要的是對中間表進行刪除操作:
public function detach($ids = null, $touch = true)
{
$query = $this->newPivotQuery();
if (! is_null($ids)) {
$ids = $this->parseIds($ids);
if (empty($ids)) {
return 0;
}
$query->whereIn($this->relatedPivotKey, (array) $ids);
}
$results = $query->delete();
if ($touch) {
$this->touchIfTouching();
}
return $results;
}
同步關聯 sync
$user->roles()->sync([1, 2, 3]);
//可以通過 ID 傳遞其他額外的資料到中間表:
$user->roles()->sync([1 => ['expires' => true], 2, 3]);
原始碼:
public function sync($ids, $detaching = true)
{
$changes = [
'attached' => [], 'detached' => [], 'updated' => [],
];
$current = $this->newPivotQuery()->pluck(
$this->relatedPivotKey
)->all();
$detach = array_diff($current, array_keys(
$records = $this->formatRecordsList($this->parseIds($ids))
));
if ($detaching && count($detach) > 0) {
$this->detach($detach);
$changes['detached'] = $this->castKeys($detach);
}
$changes = array_merge(
$changes, $this->attachNew($records, $current, false)
);
if (count($changes['attached']) ||
count($changes['updated'])) {
$this->touchIfTouching();
}
return $changes;
}
同步關聯需要刪除未出現的 id
,更新已經存在 id
,增添新出現的 id
。
$current = $this->newPivotQuery()->pluck(
$this->relatedPivotKey
)->all();
這句用於從中間表中取出所有關聯的中間表記錄,並且取出 relatedPivotKey
值。
$detach = array_diff($current, array_keys(
$records = $this->formatRecordsList($this->parseIds($ids))
));
protected function formatRecordsList(array $records)
{
return collect($records)->mapWithKeys(function ($attributes, $id) {
if (! is_array($attributes)) {
list($id, $attributes) = [$attributes, []];
}
return [$id => $attributes];
})->all();
}
這句用於統計出待刪除的中間表記錄的 relatedPivotKey
值。
if ($detaching && count($detach) > 0) {
$this->detach($detach);
$changes['detached'] = $this->castKeys($detach);
}
這句進行刪除操作。
$changes = array_merge(
$changes, $this->attachNew($records, $current, false)
);
protected function attachNew(array $records, array $current, $touch = true)
{
$changes = ['attached' => [], 'updated' => []];
foreach ($records as $id => $attributes) {
if (! in_array($id, $current)) {
$this->attach($id, $attributes, $touch);
$changes['attached'][] = $this->castKey($id);
}
elseif (count($attributes) > 0 &&
$this->updateExistingPivot($id, $attributes, $touch)) {
$changes['updated'][] = $this->castKey($id);
}
}
return $changes;
}
對於需要新增的記錄,直接呼叫方法 attach
即可。對於需要更新的記錄,需要呼叫 updateExistingPivot
:
public function updateExistingPivot($id, array $attributes, $touch = true)
{
if (in_array($this->updatedAt(), $this->pivotColumns)) {
$attributes = $this->addTimestampsToAttachment($attributes, true);
}
$updated = $this->newPivotStatementForId($id)->update($attributes);
if ($touch) {
$this->touchIfTouching();
}
return $updated;
}
public function newPivotStatementForId($id)
{
return $this->newPivotQuery()->where($this->relatedPivotKey, $id);
}
這個函式主要呼叫 update
方法。
切換關聯 toggle
多對多關聯也提供了一個 toggle 方法用於「切換」給定 IDs 的附加狀態。如果給定 ID 已附加,就會被移除。同樣的,如果給定 ID 已移除,就會被附加,原始碼:
public function toggle($ids, $touch = true)
{
$changes = [
'attached' => [], 'detached' => [],
];
$records = $this->formatRecordsList($this->parseIds($ids));
$detach = array_values(array_intersect(
$this->newPivotQuery()->pluck($this->relatedPivotKey)->all(),
array_keys($records)
));
if (count($detach) > 0) {
$this->detach($detach, false);
$changes['detached'] = $this->castKeys($detach);
}
$attach = array_diff_key($records, array_flip($detach));
if (count($attach) > 0) {
$this->attach($attach, [], false);
$changes['attached'] = array_keys($attach);
}
if ($touch && (count($changes['attached']) ||
count($changes['detached']))) {
$this->touchIfTouching();
}
return $changes;
}
toggle
函式先 intersect
被關聯的主鍵,進行 detach
所有已經存在的記錄,再 diff
被關聯的主鍵,對其進行 attach
所有記錄。
findOrNew 方法
findOrNew
函式用於 related
模型的主鍵搜尋與新建:
public function findOrNew($id, $columns = ['*'])
{
if (is_null($instance = $this->find($id, $columns))) {
$instance = $this->related->newInstance();
}
return $instance;
}
firstOrNew 方法
firstOrNew
函式用於 related
模型的屬性搜尋與新建:
public function firstOrNew(array $attributes)
{
if (is_null($instance = $this->where($attributes)->first())) {
$instance = $this->related->newInstance($attributes);
}
return $instance;
}
firstOrCreate 方法
firstOrCreate
函式用於 related
模型的屬性搜尋與儲存,attributes
是 related
模型的搜尋屬性或儲存屬性,joining
是中間表屬性:
public function firstOrCreate(array $attributes, array $joining = [], $touch = true)
{
if (is_null($instance = $this->where($attributes)->first())) {
$instance = $this->create($attributes, $joining, $touch);
}
return $instance;
}
updateOrCreate 方法
updateOrCreate
函式用於 related
模型的更新,attributes
是 related
模型的搜尋屬性,values
是 related
模型的更新屬性,joining
是中間表屬性:
public function updateOrCreate(array $attributes, array $values = [], array $joining = [], $touch = true)
{
if (is_null($instance = $this->where($attributes)->first())) {
return $this->create($values, $joining, $touch);
}
$instance->fill($values);
$instance->save(['touch' => false]);
return $instance;
}