python學習之argparse模組

工程師WWW發表於2017-04-28

一、簡介:

argparse是python用於解析命令列引數和選項的標準模組,用於代替已經過時的optparse模組。argparse模組的作用是用於解析命令列引數,例如python parseTest.py input.txt output.txt --user=name --port=8080。

二、使用步驟:

1:import argparse

2:parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()

3:parser.add_argument()

4:parser.parse_args()

解釋:首先匯入該模組;然後建立一個解析物件;然後向該物件中新增你要關注的命令列引數和選項,每一個add_argument方法對應一個你要關注的引數或選項;最後呼叫parse_args()方法進行解析;解析成功之後即可使用,下面簡單說明一下步驟2和3。

 

三、方法ArgumentParser(prog=None, usage=None,description=None, epilog=None, parents=[],formatter_class=argparse.HelpFormatter, prefix_chars='-',fromfile_prefix_chars=None, argument_default=None,conflict_handler='error', add_help=True)

這些引數都有預設值,當呼叫parser.print_help()或者執行程式時由於引數不正確(此時python直譯器其實也是呼叫了pring_help()方法)時,會列印這些描述資訊,一般只需要傳遞description引數,如上。

四、方法add_argument(name or flags...[, action][, nargs][, const][, default][, type][, choices][, required][, help][, metavar][, dest])

其中:

name or flags:命令列引數名或者選項,如上面的address或者-p,--port.其中命令列引數如果沒給定,且沒有設定defualt,則出錯。但是如果是選項的話,則設定為None

nargs:命令列引數的個數,一般使用萬用字元表示,其中,'?'表示只用一個,'*'表示0到多個,'+'表示至少一個

default:預設值

type:引數的型別,預設是字串string型別,還有float、int等型別

help:和ArgumentParser方法中的引數作用相似,出現的場合也一致

 

最常用的地方就是這些,其他的可以參考官方文件。下面給出一個例子,基本包括了常見的情形:

 

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import argparse
 
def parse_args():
    description = usage: %prog [options] poetry-file
 
This is the Slow Poetry Server, blocking edition.
Run it like this:
 
  python slowpoetry.py <path-to-poetry-file>
 
If you are in the base directory of the twisted-intro package,
you could run it like this:
 
  python blocking-server/slowpoetry.py poetry/ecstasy.txt
 
to serve up John Donne's Ecstasy, which I know you want to do.
 
 
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = description)
     
    help = The addresses to connect.
    parser.add_argument('addresses',nargs = '*',help = help)
 
    help = The filename to operate on.Default is poetry/ecstasy.txt
    parser.add_argument('filename',help=help)
 
    help = The port to listen on. Default to a random available port.
    parser.add_argument('-p',--port', type=int, help=help)
 
    help = The interface to listen on. Default is localhost.
    parser.add_argument('--iface', help=help, default='localhost')
 
    help = The number of seconds between sending bytes.
    parser.add_argument('--delay', type=float, help=help, default=.7)
 
    help = The number of bytes to send at a time.
    parser.add_argument('--bytes', type=int, help=help, default=10)
 
    args = parser.parse_args();
    return args
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    args = parse_args()
     
    for address in args.addresses:
        print 'The address is : %s .' % address
     
    print 'The filename is : %s .' % args.filename
    print 'The port is : %d.' % args.port
    print 'The interface is : %s.' % args.iface
    print 'The number of seconds between sending bytes : %f'% args.delay
    print 'The number of bytes to send at a time : %d.' % args.bytes</path-to-poetry-file>
執行該指令碼:python test.py --port 10000 --delay 1.2 127.0.0.1 172.16.55.67 poetry/ecstasy.txt

 

輸出為:

The address is : 127.0.0.1 .
The address is : 172.16.55.67 .
The filename is : poetry/ecstasy.txt .
The port is : 10000.
The interface is : localhost.
The number of seconds between sending bytes : 1.200000
The number of bytes to send at a time : 10.

 

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