>文章首發於公眾號《程式設計師果果》
>地址：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/0PAUErDh0qmcR4SUsTn15Q

## 簡介
OAuth是一個關於授權（authorization）的開放網路標準，在全世界得到廣泛應用，目前的版本是2.0版。本文重點講解Spring Boot專案對OAuth2進行的實現，如果你對OAuth2不是很瞭解，你可以先理解 [OAuth 2.0 - 阮一峰](http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2014/05/oauth_2_0.html)，這是一篇對於oauth2很好的科普文章。

## OAuth2概述
oauth2根據使用場景不同，分成了4種模式

- 授權碼模式（authorization code）
- 簡化模式（implicit）
- 密碼模式（resource owner password credentials）
- 客戶端模式（client credentials）

在專案中我們通常使用授權碼模式，也是四種模式中最複雜的，通常網站中經常出現的微博，qq第三方登入，都會採用這個形式。

Oauth2授權主要由兩部分組成：

- Authorization server：認證服務
- Resource server：資源服務

在實際專案中以上兩個服務可以在一個伺服器上，也可以分開部署。下面結合spring boot來說明如何使用。

## 快速上手
之前的文章已經對 Spring Security 進行了講解，這一節對涉及到 Spring Security 的配置不詳細講解。若不瞭解 Spring Security 先移步到 [Spring Boot Security 詳解](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/vxw4EeJ-LWxQtD0xlyB0nA)。
### 建表
客戶端資訊可以儲存在記憶體、redis和資料庫。在實際專案中通常使用redis和資料庫儲存。本文采用資料庫。Spring 0Auth2 己經設計好了資料庫的表，且不可變。表及欄位說明參照：[Oauth2資料庫表說明](http://andaily.com/spring-oauth-server/db_table_description.html) 。

建立0Auth2資料庫的指令碼如下:

```sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `clientdetails`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `oauth_access_token`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `oauth_approvals`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `oauth_client_details`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `oauth_client_token`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `oauth_refresh_token`;

CREATE TABLE `clientdetails` (
  `appId` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
  `resourceIds` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `appSecret` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `scope` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `grantTypes` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `redirectUrl` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `authorities` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `access_token_validity` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `refresh_token_validity` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `additionalInformation` varchar(4096) DEFAULT NULL,
  `autoApproveScopes` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`appId`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `oauth_access_token` (
  `token_id` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `token` blob,
  `authentication_id` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
  `user_name` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `client_id` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `authentication` blob,
  `refresh_token` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`authentication_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `oauth_approvals` (
  `userId` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `clientId` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `scope` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `status` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `expiresAt` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `lastModifiedAt` datetime DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `oauth_client_details` (
  `client_id` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
  `resource_ids` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `client_secret` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `scope` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `authorized_grant_types` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `web_server_redirect_uri` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `authorities` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `access_token_validity` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `refresh_token_validity` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `additional_information` varchar(4096) DEFAULT NULL,
  `autoapprove` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`client_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `oauth_client_token` (
  `token_id` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `token` blob,
  `authentication_id` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
  `user_name` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `client_id` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`authentication_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `oauth_code`;
CREATE TABLE `oauth_code` (
  `code` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `authentication` blob
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `oauth_refresh_token` (
  `token_id` varchar(256) DEFAULT NULL,
  `token` blob,
  `authentication` blob
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

```

為了測試方便，我們先插入一條客戶端資訊。

```sql
INSERT INTO `oauth_client_details` VALUES ('dev', '', 'dev', 'app', 'password,client_credentials,authorization_code,refresh_token', 'http://www.baidu.com', '', 3600, 3600, '{\"country\":\"CN\",\"country_code\":\"086\"}', 'false');
```

使用者、許可權、角色用到的表如下:

```sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user_role`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role_permission`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `permission`;

CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) 
);
CREATE TABLE `role` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) 
);
CREATE TABLE `user_role` (
`user_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL,
`role_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE `role_permission` (
`role_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL,
`permission_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE `permission` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`url` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`description` varchar(255) NULL,
`pid` bigint(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) 
);

INSERT INTO user (id, username, password) VALUES (1,'user','e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e'); 
INSERT INTO user (id, username , password) VALUES (2,'admin','e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e'); 
INSERT INTO role (id, name) VALUES (1,'USER');
INSERT INTO role (id, name) VALUES (2,'ADMIN');
INSERT INTO permission (id, url, name, pid) VALUES (1,'/**','',0);
INSERT INTO permission (id, url, name, pid) VALUES (2,'/**','',0);
INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (1, 1);
INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (2, 2);
INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (1, 1);
INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (2, 2);
```

### 關鍵程式碼
#### pom.xml
```xml
<dependency>
    <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
    <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactid>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
    <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactid>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
    <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-oauth2-client</artifactid>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
    <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-oauth2-resource-server</artifactid>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupid>org.springframework.security.oauth.boot</groupid>
    <artifactid>spring-security-oauth2-autoconfigure</artifactid>
    <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
```

#### SecurityConfig
支援password模式要配置AuthenticationManager

```java
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

@Autowired
    private MyUserDetailsService userService;

@Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {

//校驗使用者
        auth.userDetailsService( userService ).passwordEncoder( new PasswordEncoder() {
            //對密碼進行加密
            @Override
            public String encode(CharSequence charSequence) {
                System.out.println(charSequence.toString());
                return DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(charSequence.toString().getBytes());
            }
            //對密碼進行判斷匹配
            @Override
            public boolean matches(CharSequence charSequence, String s) {
                String encode = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(charSequence.toString().getBytes());
                boolean res = s.equals( encode );
                return res;
            }
        } );

}

@Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.csrf().disable();
        http.requestMatchers()
                .antMatchers("/oauth/**","/login","/login-error")
                .and()
                .authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/oauth/**").authenticated()
                .and()
                .formLogin().loginPage( "/login" ).failureUrl( "/login-error" );
    }

@Override
    @Bean
    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception{
        return super.authenticationManager();
    }

@Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new PasswordEncoder() {
            @Override
            public String encode(CharSequence charSequence) {
                return charSequence.toString();
            }

@Override
            public boolean matches(CharSequence charSequence, String s) {
                return Objects.equals(charSequence.toString(),s);
            }
        };
    }

}
```

### AuthorizationServerConfiguration 認證伺服器配置
```java
/**
 * 認證伺服器配置
 */
@Configuration
@EnableAuthorizationServer
public class AuthorizationServerConfiguration extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter {

/**
     * 注入許可權驗證控制器 來支援 password grant type
     */
    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

/**
     * 注入userDetailsService，開啟refresh_token需要用到
     */
    @Autowired
    private MyUserDetailsService userDetailsService;

/**
     * 資料來源
     */
    @Autowired
    private DataSource dataSource;

/**
     * 設定儲存token的方式，一共有五種，這裡採用資料庫的方式
     */
    @Autowired
    private TokenStore tokenStore;

@Autowired
    private WebResponseExceptionTranslator webResponseExceptionTranslator;

@Bean
    public TokenStore tokenStore() {
        return new JdbcTokenStore( dataSource );
    }

@Override
    public void configure(AuthorizationServerSecurityConfigurer security) throws Exception {
        /**
         * 配置oauth2服務跨域
         */
        CorsConfigurationSource source = new CorsConfigurationSource() {
            @Override
            public CorsConfiguration getCorsConfiguration(HttpServletRequest request) {
                CorsConfiguration corsConfiguration = new CorsConfiguration();
                corsConfiguration.addAllowedHeader("*");
                corsConfiguration.addAllowedOrigin(request.getHeader( HttpHeaders.ORIGIN));
                corsConfiguration.addAllowedMethod("*");
                corsConfiguration.setAllowCredentials(true);
                corsConfiguration.setMaxAge(3600L);
                return corsConfiguration;
            }
        };

security.tokenKeyAccess("permitAll()")
                .checkTokenAccess("permitAll()")
                .allowFormAuthenticationForClients()
                .addTokenEndpointAuthenticationFilter(new CorsFilter(source));
    }

@Override
    public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception {
        clients.jdbc(dataSource);
    }

@Override
    public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception {
        //開啟密碼授權型別
        endpoints.authenticationManager(authenticationManager);
        //配置token儲存方式
        endpoints.tokenStore(tokenStore);
        //自定義登入或者鑑權失敗時的返回資訊
        endpoints.exceptionTranslator(webResponseExceptionTranslator);
        //要使用refresh_token的話，需要額外配置userDetailsService
        endpoints.userDetailsService( userDetailsService );

}

}
```

### ResourceServerConfig 資源伺服器配置
```java
/**
 * 資源提供端的配置
 */
@Configuration
@EnableResourceServer
public class ResourceServerConfig extends ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter {

/**
     * 這裡設定需要token驗證的url
     * 這些url可以在WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter中排除掉，
     * 對於相同的url，如果二者都配置了驗證
     * 則優先進入ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter,進行token驗證。而不會進行
     * WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 的 basic auth或表單認證。
     */
    @Override
    public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.requestMatchers().antMatchers("/hi")
                .and()
                .authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/hi").authenticated();
    }

}
```
關鍵程式碼就是這些，其他類程式碼參照後面提供的原始碼地址。

## 驗證
### 密碼授權模式
[ 密碼模式需要引數：username , password , grant_type , client_id , client_secret ]

請求token

```shell
curl -X POST -d "username=admin&password=123456&grant_type=password&client_id=dev&client_secret=dev" http://localhost:8080/oauth/token
```

返回

```json
{
	"access_token": "d94ec0aa-47ee-4578-b4a0-8cf47f0e8639",
	"token_type": "bearer",
	"refresh_token": "23503bc7-4494-4795-a047-98db75053374",
	"expires_in": 3475,
	"scope": "app"
}
```

不攜帶token訪問資源，

```shell
curl http://localhost:8080/hi\?name\=zhangsan
```

返回提示未授權

```json
{
	"error": "unauthorized",
	"error_description": "Full authentication is required to access this resource"
}
```

攜帶token訪問資源

```shell
curl http://localhost:8080/hi\?name\=zhangsan\&access_token\=164471f7-6fc6-4890-b5d2-eb43bda3328a
```

返回正確

```
hi , zhangsan
```

重新整理token

```shell
curl  -X POST -d 'grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=23503bc7-4494-4795-a047-98db75053374&client_id=dev&client_secret=dev' http://localhost:8080/oauth/token
```

返回

```
{
    "access_token": "ef53eb01-eb9b-46d8-bd58-7a0f9f44e30b",
    "token_type": "bearer",
    "refresh_token": "23503bc7-4494-4795-a047-98db75053374",
    "expires_in": 3599,
    "scope": "app"
}
```

### 客戶端授權模式
[ 客戶端模式需要引數：grant_type , client_id , client_secret ]

請求token

```shell
curl -X POST -d "grant_type=client_credentials&client_id=dev&client_secret=dev" http://localhost:8080/oauth/token
```

返回

```json
{
	"access_token": "a7be47b3-9dc8-473e-967a-c7267682dc66",
	"token_type": "bearer",
	"expires_in": 3564,
	"scope": "app"
}
```

### 授權碼模式
獲取code

瀏覽器中訪問如下地址：

```
http://localhost:8080/oauth/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=dev&redirect_uri=http://www.baidu.com
```

跳轉到登入頁面，輸入賬號和密碼進行認證：

![](http://img.blog.itpub.net/blog/2019/05/31/85711e21f239d4d3.png?x-oss-process=style/bb)

認證後會跳轉到授權確認頁面（oauth_client_details 表中 “autoapprove” 欄位設定為true 時，不會出授權確認頁面）：

![](http://img.blog.itpub.net/blog/2019/05/31/848516ea8f7a5cc0.png?x-oss-process=style/bb)

確認後，會跳轉到百度，並且位址列中會帶上我們想得到的code引數：

![](http://img.blog.itpub.net/blog/2019/05/31/b57ea17c2ce9b51a.png?x-oss-process=style/bb)

透過code換token

```shell
curl -X POST -d "grant_type=authorization_code&code=qS03iu&client_id=dev&client_secret=dev&redirect_uri=http://www.baidu.com" http://localhost:8080/oauth/token
```

返回

```json
{
    "access_token": "90a246fa-a9ee-4117-8401-ca9c869c5be9",
    "token_type": "bearer",
    "refresh_token": "23503bc7-4494-4795-a047-98db75053374",
    "expires_in": 3319,
    "scope": "app"
}
```

## 參考
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000012260914

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28537181/spring-security-oauth2-which-decides-security

## 原始碼
https://github.com/gf-huanchupk/SpringBootLearning/tree/master/springboot-security-oauth2

Spring Boot Security 整合 OAuth2 設計安全API介面服務

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