Linux架構26 playbook實戰, 安裝資料庫, 網站遷移, ansible變數

Ansible playbook實戰

1.基礎準備

#1.安裝ansible
[root@m01 ~]# yum install -y ansible

#2.配置ansible
[root@m01 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
host_key_checking = False        #這個解開註釋

#3.配置主機清單
[root@m01 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[web_group]
web01 ansible_ssh_pass='admin123'
web02 ansible_ssh_pass='admin123'

[db_group]
db01 ansible_ssh_pass='admin123'
db02 ansible_ssh_pass='admin123'

#4.建立專案目錄
[root@m01 ~]# mkdir /project/{web,mariadb,rsyncd,nfs,sersync,base} -p
[root@m01 ~]# tree /project/
/project/
├── base
├── mariadb
├── nfs
├── rsyncd
├── sersync
└── web
6 directories, 0 files

2.編寫playbook

1）第一部分：所有伺服器最佳化和建立使用者

[root@m01 ~]# cd /project/base
[root@m01 base]# vim lnmp.yml
- hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: Stop Firewalld
      systemd:
        name: firewalld
        state: stopped
        enabled: no

    - name: Stop Selinux
      selinux:
        state: disabled

    - name: Create www Group
      group:
        name: www
        gid: 666
        state: present

    - name: Create www User
      user:
        name: www
        uid: 666
        group: www
        create_home: false    # 不需要家目錄
        shell: /sbin/nologin
        state: present

2）第二部分：安裝nginx伺服器

1.安裝方式選擇

#原始碼包安裝
1.上傳nginx包
copy
2.解壓
unarchive
3.生成
shell
4.編譯
shell
5.安裝
shell
-m shell -a 'cd /nginx/ && ./configure -- && make && make install'
6.編輯system管理nginx檔案
copy
7.配置conf.d的目錄
8.推配置檔案

#官方源安裝
1.配置官方源
copy
2.安裝nginx
yum
3.配置nginx

#rpm包安裝

2.準備工作

#1.上傳rpm包
[root@m01 ~]# rz nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm

#2.配置nginx配置檔案
[root@m01 ~]# vim nginx.conf
user  www;
...

#3.配置wordpress配置檔案
[root@m01 ~]# vim wordpress.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name blog.linux.com;
    root /code/wordpress;
    index index.php;

    location ~ \.php$ {
        root /code/wordpress;
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

3.編寫playbook

[root@m01 base]# vim lnmp.yml    # 結尾繼續接上
- hosts: web_group
  tasks:
    - name: Copy Nginx Rpm
      copy: 
        src: /root/nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
        dest: /tmp/

    - name: Install Nginx Server
      yum:
        name: /tmp/nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
        state: present

    - name: Config Nginx Server
      copy:
        src: /root/nginx.conf
        dest: /etc/nginx/

    - name: Config Wordpress Conf
      copy:
        src: /root/wordpress.conf
        dest: /etc/nginx/conf.d/

    - name: Start Nginx Server
      systemd:
        name: nginx
        state: started

3）第三部分：安裝php服務

1.準備工作

#1.上傳php包
[root@m01 ~]# rz php.tar.gz

#2.配置php使用者
[root@m01 ~]# vim www.conf
user = www
group = www

2.編寫playbook

[root@m01 base]# vim lnmp.yml    # 結尾繼續接上
    - name: Tar PHP Package
      unarchive:
        src: /root/php.tar.gz
        dest: /tmp/

    - name: Install PHP Server
      shell: "yum localinstall -y /tmp/*.rpm"

    - name: Config PHP Server
      copy:
        src: /root/www.conf
        dest: /etc/php-fpm.d/

    - name: Start PHP Server
      systemd:
        name: php-fpm
        state: started

4）第四部分：配置wordpress站點

1.準備工作

#1.上傳wordpress包
[root@m01 ~]# rz wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz

2.編寫playbook

[root@m01 base]# vim lnmp.yml    # 結尾繼續接上
    - name: Create Code Dir
      file:
        path: /code
        state: directory

    - name: Install Wordpress Code
      unarchive:
        src: /root/wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz
        dest: /code/

    - name: Chown Code Dir
      file:
        path: /code
        state: directory
        owner: www
        group: www
        recurse: yes

5）第五部分：安裝mariadb

- hosts: db01
  tasks:
    - name: Install Mariadb Server
      yum:
        name: mariadb-server
        state: present
        
    - name: Install MySQL-python Server        #ansible要控制mysql需要安裝這個
      yum:
        name: MySQL-python
        state: present
        
    - name: Start Mariadb Server
      systemd:
        name: mariadb
        state: started
        enabled: yes

    - name: Create Database Wordpress
      mysql_db:
        name: wordpress
        state: present

    - name: Create Database Wordpress User
      mysql_user:
        name: "wp"
        host: "172.16.1.%"
        password: '123456'
        priv: 'wordpress.*:ALL'
        state: present

6）完成wordpress搭建，訪問並配置資料庫測試

3.遷移（擴充套件）

1）編寫資料遷移

[root@m01 base]# cat sql.yml
- hosts: db01
  tasks:
    - name: Dump Database Wordpress
      mysql_db:        #把wordpress庫匯出到sql中
        state: dump
        name: wordpress
        target: /root/wordpress.sql

    - name: Get wordpress.sql
      fetch:    #把db01的sql拉到本地路徑
        src: /root/wordpress.sql
        dest: /root/    #會在下面建立 主機名/檔案路徑  /root/db01/root/wordpress.sql

- hosts: db02
  tasks:
    - name: Post wordpress.sql
      copy:
        src: /root/db01/root/wordpress.sql
        dest: /tmp/

    - name: Install Mariadb Server    #下面同上建立資料庫
      yum:
        name: mariadb-server
        state: present
        
    - name: Install MySQL-python Server        #ansible要控制mysql需要安裝這個
      yum:
        name: MySQL-python
        state: present
        
    - name: Start Mariadb Server
      systemd:
        name: mariadb
        state: started
        enabled: yes

    - name: Create Database Wordpress
      mysql_db:
        name: wordpress
        state: present

    - name: Create Database Wordpress User
      mysql_user:
        name: "wp"
        host: "172.16.1.%"
        password: '123456'
        priv: 'wordpress.*:ALL'
        state: present
        
    - name: Import wordpress.sql    #匯入sql資料
      mysql_db:
        state: import
        name: wordpress
        target: /tmp/wordpress.sql

2）一鍵遷移部落格

- hosts: web01
  tasks:
    - name: Tgz Wordpress Code
    - archive:
      path: /code/wordpress
      dest: /root/wordpress.tgz
      
    - name: Get Wordpress Code
      fetch:
        src: /root/wordpress.tgz
        dest: /root/

- hosts: web02
  tasks:
    - name: Tar Wordpress Code
      unarchive: 
        src: /root/web01/root/wordpress.tgz
        dest: /

Ansible變數

一、變數概述

變數提供了便捷的方式來管理Ansible playbook的每一個專案中的動態值，比如nginx-1.6.3這個軟體包的版本，在其他地方或許會反覆使用，
那麼如果講此值設定為變數，然後再在其他的playbook中呼叫，會方便許多。如此一來還方便維護，減少維護的成本。

二、定義變數的方式

1.透過命令列進行變數定義
2.在play檔案中進行變數定義
3.透過Inventory主機資訊檔案中進行變數定義
4.透過vars_files定義變數
5.透過host_vars和group_vars定義變數

如果在定義變數時，變數衝突了
在上述的三個地方分別設定了：
    1.命令列中：age=11
    2.play檔案中：age=12
    3.Inventory中：age=13
    那麼，最終的age結果一定是11
    變數的讀取優先順序為：命令列 > playbook檔案 > Inventory檔案

1.在playbook定義變數

方式一：在hosts下直接定義變數

[root@m01 base]# vim install.yml
- hosts: web_group
  vars:
    package:
      - httpd
      - mariadb-server
      - MySQL-python
      - php
      - nginx
  tasks:
    - name: Install Server
      yum:
        name: "{{ package }}"

方式二：在hosts下定義多個變數

[root@m01 base]# vim install.yml
- hosts: web_group
  vars:
    web:
      - httpd
      - nginx
    db:
      - mariadb-server
      - MySQL-python
      
  tasks:
    - name: Install Server
      yum:
        name: "{{ web }}"

方式三：在模組下定義變數

- name: Install LNMP
  yum:
      name: "{{ packages }}"
  vars:
      packages:
      - nginx
      - php
      - mariadb-server

2.透過vars_file定義變數

剛才我們學到在playbook中使用vars定義變數，有一個缺陷，就是其他的playbook無法使用該變數。所以我們可以採取第二種定義變數的方式，在vars_file中定義變數。

#1.配置變數檔案
[root@m01 base]# vim vars.yml
web_server: nginx
db_server: mariadb-server

#2.呼叫變數檔案再使用變數
[root@m01 base]# vim host.yml
- hosts: db_group
  vars_files: /project/base/vars.yml
  tasks:
    - name: Install Mariadb Server
      yum:
        name: "{{ db_server }}"

#3.定義多個變數檔案
[root@m01 base]# vim host.yml
- hosts: db_group
  vars_files: 
      - /project/base/vars.yml
      - /project/base/vars2.yml
  tasks:
    - name: Install Mariadb Server
      yum:
        name: "{{ nginx }}"