Ansible playbook實戰
1.基礎準備
#1.安裝ansible
[root@m01 ~]# yum install -y ansible
#2.配置ansible
[root@m01 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
host_key_checking = False #這個解開註釋
#3.配置主機清單
[root@m01 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[web_group]
web01 ansible_ssh_pass='admin123'
web02 ansible_ssh_pass='admin123'
[db_group]
db01 ansible_ssh_pass='admin123'
db02 ansible_ssh_pass='admin123'
#4.建立專案目錄
[root@m01 ~]# mkdir /project/{web,mariadb,rsyncd,nfs,sersync,base} -p
[root@m01 ~]# tree /project/
/project/
├── base
├── mariadb
├── nfs
├── rsyncd
├── sersync
└── web
6 directories, 0 files
2.編寫playbook
1）第一部分：所有伺服器最佳化和建立使用者
[root@m01 ~]# cd /project/base
[root@m01 base]# vim lnmp.yml
- hosts: all
tasks:
- name: Stop Firewalld
systemd:
name: firewalld
state: stopped
enabled: no
- name: Stop Selinux
selinux:
state: disabled
- name: Create www Group
group:
name: www
gid: 666
state: present
- name: Create www User
user:
name: www
uid: 666
group: www
create_home: false # 不需要家目錄
shell: /sbin/nologin
state: present
2）第二部分：安裝nginx伺服器
1.安裝方式選擇
#原始碼包安裝
1.上傳nginx包
copy
2.解壓
unarchive
3.生成
shell
4.編譯
shell
5.安裝
shell
-m shell -a 'cd /nginx/ && ./configure -- && make && make install'
6.編輯system管理nginx檔案
copy
7.配置conf.d的目錄
8.推配置檔案
#官方源安裝
1.配置官方源
copy
2.安裝nginx
yum
3.配置nginx
#rpm包安裝
2.準備工作
#1.上傳rpm包
[root@m01 ~]# rz nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
#2.配置nginx配置檔案
[root@m01 ~]# vim nginx.conf
user www;
...
#3.配置wordpress配置檔案
[root@m01 ~]# vim wordpress.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.linux.com;
root /code/wordpress;
index index.php;
location ~ \.php$ {
root /code/wordpress;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
3.編寫playbook
[root@m01 base]# vim lnmp.yml # 結尾繼續接上
- hosts: web_group
tasks:
- name: Copy Nginx Rpm
copy:
src: /root/nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
dest: /tmp/
- name: Install Nginx Server
yum:
name: /tmp/nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
state: present
- name: Config Nginx Server
copy:
src: /root/nginx.conf
dest: /etc/nginx/
- name: Config Wordpress Conf
copy:
src: /root/wordpress.conf
dest: /etc/nginx/conf.d/
- name: Start Nginx Server
systemd:
name: nginx
state: started
3）第三部分：安裝php服務
1.準備工作
#1.上傳php包
[root@m01 ~]# rz php.tar.gz
#2.配置php使用者
[root@m01 ~]# vim www.conf
user = www
group = www
2.編寫playbook
[root@m01 base]# vim lnmp.yml # 結尾繼續接上
- name: Tar PHP Package
unarchive:
src: /root/php.tar.gz
dest: /tmp/
- name: Install PHP Server
shell: "yum localinstall -y /tmp/*.rpm"
- name: Config PHP Server
copy:
src: /root/www.conf
dest: /etc/php-fpm.d/
- name: Start PHP Server
systemd:
name: php-fpm
state: started
4）第四部分：配置wordpress站點
1.準備工作
#1.上傳wordpress包
[root@m01 ~]# rz wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz
2.編寫playbook
[root@m01 base]# vim lnmp.yml # 結尾繼續接上
- name: Create Code Dir
file:
path: /code
state: directory
- name: Install Wordpress Code
unarchive:
src: /root/wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz
dest: /code/
- name: Chown Code Dir
file:
path: /code
state: directory
owner: www
group: www
recurse: yes
5）第五部分：安裝mariadb
- hosts: db01
tasks:
- name: Install Mariadb Server
yum:
name: mariadb-server
state: present
- name: Install MySQL-python Server #ansible要控制mysql需要安裝這個
yum:
name: MySQL-python
state: present
- name: Start Mariadb Server
systemd:
name: mariadb
state: started
enabled: yes
- name: Create Database Wordpress
mysql_db:
name: wordpress
state: present
- name: Create Database Wordpress User
mysql_user:
name: "wp"
host: "172.16.1.%"
password: '123456'
priv: 'wordpress.*:ALL'
state: present
6）完成wordpress搭建，訪問並配置資料庫測試
3.遷移（擴充套件）
1）編寫資料遷移
[root@m01 base]# cat sql.yml
- hosts: db01
tasks:
- name: Dump Database Wordpress
mysql_db: #把wordpress庫匯出到sql中
state: dump
name: wordpress
target: /root/wordpress.sql
- name: Get wordpress.sql
fetch: #把db01的sql拉到本地路徑
src: /root/wordpress.sql
dest: /root/ #會在下面建立 主機名/檔案路徑 /root/db01/root/wordpress.sql
- hosts: db02
tasks:
- name: Post wordpress.sql
copy:
src: /root/db01/root/wordpress.sql
dest: /tmp/
- name: Install Mariadb Server #下面同上建立資料庫
yum:
name: mariadb-server
state: present
- name: Install MySQL-python Server #ansible要控制mysql需要安裝這個
yum:
name: MySQL-python
state: present
- name: Start Mariadb Server
systemd:
name: mariadb
state: started
enabled: yes
- name: Create Database Wordpress
mysql_db:
name: wordpress
state: present
- name: Create Database Wordpress User
mysql_user:
name: "wp"
host: "172.16.1.%"
password: '123456'
priv: 'wordpress.*:ALL'
state: present
- name: Import wordpress.sql #匯入sql資料
mysql_db:
state: import
name: wordpress
target: /tmp/wordpress.sql
2）一鍵遷移部落格
- hosts: web01
tasks:
- name: Tgz Wordpress Code
- archive:
path: /code/wordpress
dest: /root/wordpress.tgz
- name: Get Wordpress Code
fetch:
src: /root/wordpress.tgz
dest: /root/
- hosts: web02
tasks:
- name: Tar Wordpress Code
unarchive:
src: /root/web01/root/wordpress.tgz
dest: /
Ansible變數
一、變數概述
變數提供了便捷的方式來管理Ansible playbook的每一個專案中的動態值，比如nginx-1.6.3這個軟體包的版本，在其他地方或許會反覆使用，
那麼如果講此值設定為變數，然後再在其他的playbook中呼叫，會方便許多。如此一來還方便維護，減少維護的成本。
二、定義變數的方式
1.透過命令列進行變數定義
2.在play檔案中進行變數定義
3.透過Inventory主機資訊檔案中進行變數定義
4.透過vars_files定義變數
5.透過host_vars和group_vars定義變數
如果在定義變數時，變數衝突了
在上述的三個地方分別設定了：
1.命令列中：age=11
2.play檔案中：age=12
3.Inventory中：age=13
那麼，最終的age結果一定是11
變數的讀取優先順序為：命令列 > playbook檔案 > Inventory檔案
1.在playbook定義變數
方式一：在hosts下直接定義變數
[root@m01 base]# vim install.yml
- hosts: web_group
vars:
package:
- httpd
- mariadb-server
- MySQL-python
- php
- nginx
tasks:
- name: Install Server
yum:
name: "{{ package }}"
方式二：在hosts下定義多個變數
[root@m01 base]# vim install.yml
- hosts: web_group
vars:
web:
- httpd
- nginx
db:
- mariadb-server
- MySQL-python
tasks:
- name: Install Server
yum:
name: "{{ web }}"
方式三：在模組下定義變數
- name: Install LNMP
yum:
name: "{{ packages }}"
vars:
packages:
- nginx
- php
- mariadb-server
2.透過vars_file定義變數
剛才我們學到在playbook中使用vars定義變數，有一個缺陷，就是其他的playbook無法使用該變數。所以我們可以採取第二種定義變數的方式，在vars_file中定義變數。
#1.配置變數檔案
[root@m01 base]# vim vars.yml
web_server: nginx
db_server: mariadb-server
#2.呼叫變數檔案再使用變數
[root@m01 base]# vim host.yml
- hosts: db_group
vars_files: /project/base/vars.yml
tasks:
- name: Install Mariadb Server
yum:
name: "{{ db_server }}"
#3.定義多個變數檔案
[root@m01 base]# vim host.yml
- hosts: db_group
vars_files:
- /project/base/vars.yml
- /project/base/vars2.yml
tasks:
- name: Install Mariadb Server
yum:
name: "{{ nginx }}"