Maven中POM專案物件模型

隨風yy發表於2018-09-12
Maven物件模型
  • POM代表專案物件模型，它是Maven中工作的基本單位，這是一個XML檔案，它始終儲存在該專案基本目錄中的pom.xml檔案中。
  • POM包含的專案是使用Maven來構建的，它用來包含各種配置資訊。
  • POM也包含了目標和外掛。在執行任務和目標時，Maven會使用當前目錄中的POM.它讀取POM得到所需要的配置資訊，然後執行目標，部分的配置可以在POM下使用如下：
    project dependencies、plugins、goals、build profiles、project version、developers、mailing list
  • 建立一個POM之前，應該先決定專案組（groupId）,它的名字（artifacId）和版本，因為這些屬性在專案倉庫是唯一的標識。
  • POM示例：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.test</groupId>
  <artifactId>testWeb</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 </project>

要注意的是，每個專案只有一個POM檔案。

  • 所有的 POM 檔案要專案元素必須有三個必填欄位: groupId(專案組編號)，artifactId（專案的ID），version(版本號)
  • 在庫中的專案符號是：groupId:artifactId:version
  • pom.xml 的根元素是 project，它有三個主要的子節點。
  • 所有的POM繼承自父類(儘管明確界定)。這個基礎的 POM 被稱為超級 POM，幷包含繼承預設值。 Maven使用有效的POM(超級POM加專案配置的配置)執行有關目標。它可以幫助開發人員指定最低配置的詳細資訊寫在 pom.xml 中。雖然配置可以很容易被覆蓋。 一個簡單的方法來看看超級POM的預設配置，通過執行下面的命令：mvn help:effective-pom 建立一個 pom.xml。
<!--                                                                        -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!--                                                                        -->
<!-- Effective POM for project 'com.test:testWeb:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT'          -->
<!--                                                                        -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/
2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 h
ttp://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.test</groupId>
  <artifactId>testWeb</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>testWeb</name>
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>
  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Central Repository</name>
      <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
    </repository>
  </repositories>
  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <releases>
        <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
      </releases>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Central Repository</name>
      <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>
  <build>
    <sourceDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\src\main\java</source
Directory>
    <scriptSourceDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\src\main\script
s</scriptSourceDirectory>
    <testSourceDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\src\test\java</te
stSourceDirectory>
    <outputDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\target\classes</outpu
tDirectory>
    <testOutputDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\target\test-class
es</testOutputDirectory>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\src\main\resources</dir
ectory>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <testResources>
      <testResource>
        <directory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\src\test\resources</dir
ectory>
      </testResource>
    </testResources>
    <directory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\target</directory>
    <finalName>testWeb-1.0-SNAPSHOT</finalName>
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>1.3</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.2-beta-5</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.3.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.7.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.20.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-clean</id>
            <phase>clean</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>clean</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.2</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-testResources</id>
            <phase>process-test-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>testResources</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-resources</id>
            <phase>process-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>resources</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.2</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-jar</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>jar</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.7.0</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-compile</id>
            <phase>compile</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>compile</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-testCompile</id>
            <phase>test-compile</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>testCompile</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.20.1</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-test</id>
            <phase>test</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>test</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.2</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-install</id>
            <phase>install</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>install</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.8.2</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-deploy</id>
            <phase>deploy</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>deploy</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.3</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-site</id>
            <phase>site</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>site</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <outputDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\target\site
</outputDirectory>
              <reportPlugins>
                <reportPlugin>
                  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                  <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                </reportPlugin>
              </reportPlugins>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-deploy</id>
            <phase>site-deploy</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>deploy</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <outputDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\target\site
</outputDirectory>
              <reportPlugins>
                <reportPlugin>
                  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                  <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                </reportPlugin>
              </reportPlugins>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
        <configuration>
          <outputDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\target\site</ou
tputDirectory>
          <reportPlugins>
            <reportPlugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
            </reportPlugin>
          </reportPlugins>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
  <reporting>
    <outputDirectory>C:\software\develop\workplace\testWeb\target\site</outputDi
rectory>
  </reporting>
</project>


[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 0.947 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-09-12T16:34:29+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 12M/183M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

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