linux下使用npm install報EACCES的解決方法

weixin_33912246發表於2018-11-21
LinuxNPM

前端專案需要進行CI/CD整合，CI伺服器是linux的，所以需要在伺服器上安裝npm環境，記錄一下安裝過程以及碰到的坑。安裝很簡單，直接下載官網的linux二進位制包，並將bin目錄設定在環境變數中就ok了，執行

[root@localhost dist]# npm -version
6.4.1

說明安裝成功了，接下來在執行專案的初始化（基於vue-cli）npm install時，卻反覆提示許可權不足

[root@localhost bocsh-vue-admin]# npm install

> nodent-runtime@3.2.1 install /home/gitlab-runner/builds/0444212d/0/7310754/bocsh-vue-admin/node_modules/nodent-runtime
> node build.js

fs.js:115
    throw err;
    ^

Error: EACCES: permission denied, open '/home/gitlab-runner/builds/0444212d/0/7310754/bocsh-vue-admin/node_modules/nodent-runtime/dist/index.js'
    at Object.openSync (fs.js:436:3)
    at Object.writeFileSync (fs.js:1187:35)
    at Object.<anonymous> (/home/gitlab-runner/builds/0444212d/0/7310754/bocsh-vue-admin/node_modules/nodent-runtime/build.js:5:4)
    at Module._compile (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:688:30)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:699:10)
    at Module.load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:598:32)
    at tryModuleLoad (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:537:12)
    at Function.Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:529:3)
    at Function.Module.runMain (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:741:12)
    at startup (internal/bootstrap/node.js:285:19)
npm WARN ajv-errors@1.0.0 requires a peer of ajv@>=5.0.0 but none is installed. You must install peer dependencies yourself.
npm WARN ajv-keywords@2.1.1 requires a peer of ajv@^5.0.0 but none is installed. You must install peer dependencies yourself.
npm WARN eslint-config-standard@12.0.0-alpha.0 requires a peer of eslint@>=5.0.0-alpha.2 but none is installed. You must install peer dependencies yourself.
npm WARN bocsh-vue-admin@2.1.0 No repository field.
npm WARN bocsh-vue-admin@2.1.0 No license field.
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: fsevents@1.2.4 (node_modules/fsevents):
npm WARN notsup SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Unsupported platform for fsevents@1.2.4: wanted {"os":"darwin","arch":"any"} (current: {"os":"linux","arch":"x64"})

npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE
npm ERR! errno 1
npm ERR! nodent-runtime@3.2.1 install: `node build.js`
npm ERR! Exit status 1
npm ERR! 
npm ERR! Failed at the nodent-runtime@3.2.1 install script.
npm ERR! This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above.

這裡百思不得其解，谷歌了半天，還是官網的一篇文章解決問題，就是更換npm的預設儲存庫（至於為什麼換了就好了，也不明白，我是root使用者啊。。），步驟如下：

  1. Back up your computer.
  2. On the command line, in your home directory, create a directory for global installations:
mkdir ~/.npm-global
  1. Configure npm to use the new directory path:
 npm config set prefix '~/.npm-global'
  1. In your preferred text editor, open or create a ~/.profile file and add this line:
export PATH=~/.npm-global/bin:$PATH
  1. On the command line, update your system variables:
 source ~/.profile
  1. To test your new configuration, install a package globally without using sudo:
npm install -g jshint

重新安裝package順利下載。
另外還有一個小問題是我們放在版本庫裡面的程式碼是沒有node_modules模組的，這樣的話CI伺服器每次檢出後都要執行npm install去下載所有的依賴modules，效率比較低，這邊的解決方案是先把node_modules目錄放在伺服器某個位置，在CI指令碼中增加

ln -s 源路徑  目標路徑

建立軟連線，這樣每次編譯的時候就不需要都執行npm install了。
總結：其實也沒啥好總結的，碰到問題多看官網多看英文文件（能谷歌最好），一般都比較靠譜。
官網文章連結

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