1）nginx的反向代理：proxy_pass 2）nginx的負載均衡：upstream
下面是nginx的反向代理和負載均衡的例項：
負載機：A機器：103.110.186.8/192.168.1.8 後端機器1：B機器：192.168.1.102 後端機器2：C機器：192.168.1.103
需求： 1）訪問A機器的8080埠，反向代理到B機器的8080埠； 訪問A機器的8088埠，反向代理到C機器的8088埠； 訪問http://103.110.86.8:8090/ios，反向代理到B機器http://192.168.1.102:8090/ios/
2）訪問A機器的80埠，負載均衡到後端的兩臺機器B和C的80埠
操作記錄： -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 負載機：A機器上的操作記錄： 1）編譯安裝nginx [root@opd ~]# yum install -y pcre* openssl* gcc gcc+ [root@opd ~]# cd /opt/src [root@src ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz [root@src ~]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz [root@src ~]# cd nginx-1.8.0 #新增www使用者，其中-M參數列示不新增使用者家目錄，-s參數列示指定shell型別
[root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]#useradd www -M -s /sbin/nologin [root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]#vim auto/cc/gcc #將這句註釋掉 取消Debug編譯模式 大概在179行 #CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"
#我們再配置下nginx編譯引數 [root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module [root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]#make [root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]#make install clean
2）配置nginx [root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]# cd /opt/nginx/conf [root@nginx-1.8.0 conf]# vim nginx.conf //這個可以作為nginx安裝後的配置規範
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;
log_format main '$http_x_forwarded_for $remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_cookie" $host $request_time';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_send_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_buffer_size 256k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
client_header_timeout 600s;
client_body_timeout 600s;
client_max_body_size 100m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php;
gzip_vary on;
include vhosts/*.conf;
}[root@nginx-1.8.0 conf]# ulimit -n 65535 [root@nginx-1.8.0 conf]# mkdir vhosts [root@nginx-1.8.0 conf]# cd vhosts
配置反向代理和負載均衡 [root@nginx-1.8.0 vhosts]# vim 8080.conf
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root /var/www/html;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.102:8080;
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300; #跟後端伺服器連線超時時間，發起握手等候響應時間
proxy_send_timeout 300; #後端伺服器回傳時間，就是在規定時間內後端伺服器必須傳完所有資料
proxy_read_timeout 600; #連線成功後等待後端伺服器的響應時間，已經進入後端的排隊之中等候處理
proxy_buffer_size 256k; #代理請求緩衝區,會儲存使用者的頭資訊以供nginx進行處理
proxy_buffers 4 256k; #同上，告訴nginx儲存單個用幾個buffer最大用多少空間
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k; #如果系統很忙時候可以申請最大的proxy_buffers
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k; #proxy快取臨時檔案的大小
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}[root@nginx-1.8.0 vhosts]# cat 8088.conf
server {
listen 8088;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root /var/www/html;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8088-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8088-error.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.103:8088;
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_send_timeout 300;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 下面這個匹配path的代理設定需要注意幾點： 首先一定要保證目標B機器，也就是192.168.1.102的8090埠站點目錄下有這個匹配path的目錄ios存在！！ 也就是要保證A機器本機能順利訪問到目標B機器的8090埠的ios路徑，即： [root@nginx-1.8.0 vhosts]# curl http://192.168.1.102:8090/ios/ #一定要保證這個能從A機器訪問成功！
下面幾種配置都是可以的：
第一種： [root@nginx-1.8.0 vhosts]# cat 8090.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root /var/www/html;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-error.log;
location /ios/ { #這種情況，這裡一定要匹配的是/ios/，不能是/ios
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.102:8090; #一定要保證192.168.1.102機器8090埠站點目錄下有ios目錄！否則訪問會報錯404！
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_send_timeout 300;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}第二種： [root@nginx-1.8.0 vhosts]# cat 8090.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root /var/www/html;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-error.log;
location /ios/ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.102:8090/ios/;
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_send_timeout 300;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}第三種： [root@nginx-1.8.0 vhosts]# cat 8090.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root /var/www/html;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-error.log;
location /ios {
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.102:8090/ios/; 這種情況，這裡一定要匹配的是/ios/，不能是/ios
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_send_timeout 300;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}以上三種配置方法都保證了訪問http://103.110.86.8:8090/ios會自動變為http://103.10.86.8:8090/ios/，並代理到http://192.168.1.102:8090/ios/的結果
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@nginx-1.8.0 vhosts]# cat LB.conf
upstream lb {
server 192.168.1.102:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; #max_fails = 3 為允許失敗的次數，預設值為1
server 192.168.1.103:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; #fail_timeout = 30s 當max_fails次失敗後，暫停將請求分發到該後端伺服器的時間
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
root /var/www/html;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-error.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http://lb;
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_send_timeout 300;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
}
}啟動nginx [root@nginx-1.8.0 vhosts]# /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 【檢查配置是否正確】 nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@host-192-168-1-102 vhosts]# /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx 【啟動nginx】
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 後端機：B機器上的操作記錄： 1）編譯安裝nginx [root@B ~]# yum install -y pcre* openssl* gcc gcc+ [root@B ~]# cd /opt/src [root@B ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz [root@B ~]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz [root@B ~]# cd nginx-1.8.0 #新增www使用者，其中-M參數列示不新增使用者家目錄，-s參數列示指定shell型別
[root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]#useradd www -M -s /sbin/nologin [root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]##vim auto/cc/gcc #將這句註釋掉 取消Debug編譯模式 大概在179行 #CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"
#我們再配置下nginx編譯引數 [root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module [root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]#make [root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]#make install clean
2）配置nginx [root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]# cd /opt/nginx/conf 注意，把預設的nginx.conf檔案中的server區域配置註釋掉，設定vhosts虛擬主機的配置，如下： [root@nginx-1.8.0 conf]# vim nginx.conf
user www;
worker_processes 8;
events {
worker_connections 65535;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;
log_format main '$http_x_forwarded_for $remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_cookie" $host $request_time';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_send_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_buffer_size 256k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
client_header_timeout 600s;
client_body_timeout 600s;
client_max_body_size 100m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php;
gzip_vary on;
include vhosts/*.conf;
}[root@nginx-1.8.0 conf]# ulimit -n 65535 [root@nginx-1.8.0 conf]# mkdir vhosts [root@nginx-1.8.0 conf]# cd vhosts
[root@nginx-1.8.0 conf]# vim 8080.conf
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8080;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}[root@nginx-1.8.0 conf]# vim 8090.conf
server {
listen 8090;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8090-error.log;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/8090; #針對上面匹配ios的path代理，要保證站點目錄/var/www/html/8080下有ios目錄存在
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}[root@nginx-1.8.0 conf]# vim 80.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-error.log;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}啟動nginx [root@nginx-1.8.0 vhosts]# /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 【檢查配置是否正確】 nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@host-192-168-1-102 vhosts]# /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx 【啟動nginx】
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 後端機：C機器上的操作記錄： 1）編譯安裝nginx [root@C ~]# yum install -y pcre* openssl* gcc gcc+ [root@C ~]# cd /opt/src [root@C ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz [root@C ~]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz [root@C ~]# cd nginx-1.8.0 #新增www使用者，其中-M參數列示不新增使用者家目錄，-s參數列示指定shell型別
[root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]#useradd www -M -s /sbin/nologin [root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]##vim auto/cc/gcc #將這句註釋掉 取消Debug編譯模式 大概在179行 #CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"
#我們再配置下nginx編譯引數 [root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module [root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]#make [root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]#make install clean
2）配置nginx [root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]# cd /opt/nginx/conf 注意，把預設的nginx.conf檔案中的server區域配置註釋掉，設定vhosts虛擬主機的配置，如下： [root@nginx-1.8.0 conf]# vim nginx.conf
user www;
worker_processes 8;
events {
worker_connections 65535;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;
log_format main '$http_x_forwarded_for $remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_cookie" $host $request_time';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_send_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_buffer_size 256k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
client_header_timeout 600s;
client_body_timeout 600s;
client_max_body_size 100m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php;
gzip_vary on;
include vhosts/*.conf;
}[root@nginx-1.8.0 conf]# vim 80.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/80-error.log;
location ~ / {
root /var/www/html/;
index index.html index.php index.htm;
}
}啟動nginx
[root@nginx-1.8.0 vhosts]# /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 【檢查配置是否正確】 nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@host-192-168-1-102 vhosts]# /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx 【啟動nginx】
到此，上面需求中的nginx反向代理和負載均衡就已經配置完成了！ 訪問http://103.110.86.8:8080的結果顯示的就是B機器，即http://192.168.1.102:8080的結果 訪問http://103.110.86.8:8088的結果顯示的就是C機器，即http://192.168.1.108:8088的結果 訪問http://103.110.86.8:8090/ios的結果顯示的就是B機器，即http://192.168.1.102:8090/ios/的結果
訪問http://103.110.86.8的請求就會被負載給到後端兩臺機器http://192.168.1.102和http://192.168.1.103
可以在103.110.86.8本機可以使用curl和telnet測試到目標機器是否通順~ [root@nginx-1.8.0 vhosts]# curl http://192.168.1.102:8080 [root@nginx-1.8.0 vhosts]# telnet 192.168.1.102 8080
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 說明一下： 上面的nginx反向代理的需求，除了nginx反代配置之外，也可以使用iptables的nat轉發實現。
比如： 訪問A機器的8080埠，反向代理到B機器的80埠；
iptables的nat轉發規則設定如下： [root@opd ~]# iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8080 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.102:80 [root@opd ~]# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -d 192.168.1.102 -p tcp -m tcp --sport 80 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.1.8 [root@opd ~]# iptables -t filter -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT
[root@opd ~]# service iptables save
************************************** 需要注意的是： 要開啟A機器的ip轉發功能： [root@opd ~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward 然後後端機器B的route路由最好也設定成192.168.1.8 **************************************
這樣，訪問http://103.110.86.8:8080的結果就是http://192.168.1.102的結果
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nginx反向代理一例： 訪問http://testwx3.wangshibo.com/apiwx3反向代理到https://testwww.wangshibo.com
[root@dev-new-test vhosts]# cat testwx3.wangshibo.com.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name testwx3.wangshibo.com;
root /Data/app/xqsj_wx3/dist;
index index.html;
location /apiwx3/ {
proxy_pass https://testwww.wangshibo.com/;
}如上配置後： 訪問http://testwx3.wangshibo.com/apiwx3自動跳轉到http://testwx3.wangshibo.com/apiwx3/ 訪問http://testwx3.wangshibo.com/apiwx3/$1的內容和https://testwww.wangshibo.com/$1內容一致 比如： 訪問http://testwx3.wangshibo.com/apiwx3/xqsj.php?r=HouseGroup/create 顯示的內容既是 http://testwww.wangshibo.com/xqsj.php?r=HouseGroup/create的內容
如果將上面的代理配置改為：
location /apiwx3 {
proxy_pass https://testwww.wangshibo.com;
}
或者
location /apiwx3/ {
proxy_pass https://testwww.wangshibo.com/;
}那麼只能實現：訪問http://testwx3.wangshibo.com/apiwx3的結果和https://testwww.wangshibo.com一致 不能實現：訪問http://testwx3.wangshibo.com/apiwx3/$1的內容和https://testwww.wangshibo.com/$1內容一致