Protobuf簡單應用-JSON和Proto Buffer互轉

LuckyJiang-2019發表於2017-01-22

Google Protocol Buffer 的使用和原理
簡介

Protocol Buffers 是一種輕便高效的結構化資料儲存格式，可以用於結構化資料序列化，很適合做資料儲存或 RPC 資料交換格式。它可用於通訊協議、資料儲存等領域的語言無關、平臺無關、可擴充套件的序列化結構資料格式。目前提供了 C++、Java、Python 三種語言的 API。

什麼是 Google Protocol Buffer？假如您在網上搜尋，應該會得到類似這樣的文字介紹：

Google Protocol Buffer( 簡稱 Protobuf) 是 Google 公司內部的混合語言資料標準，目前已經正在使用的有超過 48,162 種報文格式定義和超過 12,183 個 .proto 檔案。他們用於 RPC 系統和持續資料儲存系統。

Protocol Buffers 是一種輕便高效的結構化資料儲存格式，可以用於結構化資料序列化，或者說序列化。它很適合做資料儲存或 RPC 資料交換格式。可用於通訊協議、資料儲存等領域的語言無關、平臺無關、可擴充套件的序列化結構資料格式。目前提供了 C++、Java、Python 三種語言的 API。

或許您和我一樣，在第一次看完這些介紹後還是不明白 Protobuf 究竟是什麼，那麼我想一個簡單的例子應該比較有助於理解它。

例子：

package org.protob;

import org.protob.W.helloworld;

import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
import com.googlecode.protobuf.format.JsonFormat;
import com.googlecode.protobuf.format.JsonFormat.ParseException;
/**
 * 下載 protoc-2.5.0-win32.zip
 * cmd: protoc.exe --java_out=./ w.proto
 * @author liangrui
 *
 */
public class Main {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		main2(null);
		main3(null);
		main4(null);
	}
	
	//序列化  /返序列化
	public static void main2(String[] args) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
		//序列化
		helloworld.Builder builder=helloworld.newBuilder();
		builder.setId(10);
		builder.setStr("fx");
        builder.setOpt(20);
		helloworld info=builder.build();  
	    byte[] result=info.toByteArray() ; 
	    //返序列化
	    helloworld msg = helloworld.parseFrom(result);  
        System.out.println(msg); 
       
	}
	
	//protobuf轉json
	public static void main3(String[] args) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
		
		//序列化
		helloworld.Builder builder=helloworld.newBuilder();
		builder.setId(10);
		builder.setStr("fx");
        builder.setOpt(20);
		helloworld info=builder.build();  
	    byte[] result=info.toByteArray() ;  
	    
	
	    //返序列化
	    helloworld hello = helloworld.parseFrom(result);  
        System.out.println(hello); 
        
		String jsonFormat =JsonFormat.printToString(hello);
		System.out.println(jsonFormat);
		
	}
	
	//josn轉protobuf
	public static void main4(String[] args) throws ParseException {
		helloworld.Builder builder =helloworld.newBuilder();
		String jsonFormat = "{id:11,str:'xxx',opt:50}";
		JsonFormat.merge(jsonFormat, builder);
		
		System.out.println(builder.build());
		
	}

}
/**
output:
id: 10
str: "fx"
opt: 20

id: 10
str: "fx"
opt: 20

{"id": 10,"str": "fx","opt": 20}
id: 11
str: "xxx"
opt: 50
*/

proto檔案 w.proto

package org.protob; 
 message helloworld 
 { 
    required int32     id = 1;  // ID 
    required string    str = 2;  // str 
    optional int32     opt = 3;  //optional field 
 }

生成後的Java類

// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
// source: w.proto

package org.protob;

public final class W {
  private W() {}
  public static void registerAllExtensions(
      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry) {
  }
  public interface helloworldOrBuilder
      extends com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {

    // required int32 id = 1;
    /**
     * <code>required int32 id = 1;</code>
     *
     * <pre>
     * ID 
     * </pre>
     */
    boolean hasId();
    /**
     * <code>required int32 id = 1;</code>
     *
     * <pre>
     * ID 
     * </pre>
     */
    int getId();

    // required string str = 2;
    /**
     * <code>required string str = 2;</code>
     *
     * <pre>
     * str 
     * </pre>
     */
    boolean hasStr();
    /**
     * <code>required string str = 2;</code>
     *
     * <pre>
     * str 
     * </pre>
     */
    java.lang.String getStr();
    /**
     * <code>required string str = 2;</code>
     *
     * <pre>
     * str 
     * </pre>
     */
    com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getStrBytes();

    // optional int32 opt = 3;
    /**
     * <code>optional int32 opt = 3;</code>
     *
     * <pre>
     *optional field 
     * </pre>
     */
    boolean hasOpt();
    /**
     * <code>optional int32 opt = 3;</code>
     *
     * <pre>
     *optional field 
     * </pre>
     */
    int getOpt();
  }
  /**
   * Protobuf type {@code org.protob.helloworld}
   */
  public static final class helloworld extends
      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage
      implements helloworldOrBuilder {
    // Use helloworld.newBuilder() to construct.
    private helloworld(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder<?> builder) {
      super(builder);
      this.unknownFields = builder.getUnknownFields();
    }
    private helloworld(boolean noInit) { this.unknownFields = com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance(); }

    private static final helloworld defaultInstance;
    public static helloworld getDefaultInstance() {
      return defaultInstance;
    }

    public helloworld getDefaultInstanceForType() {
      return defaultInstance;
    }

    private final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields;
    @java.lang.Override
    public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet
        getUnknownFields() {
      return this.unknownFields;
    }
    private helloworld(
        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      initFields();
      int mutable_bitField0_ = 0;
      com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =
          com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
      try {
        boolean done = false;
        while (!done) {
          int tag = input.readTag();
          switch (tag) {
            case 0:
              done = true;
              break;
            default: {
              if (!parseUnknownField(input, unknownFields,
                                     extensionRegistry, tag)) {
                done = true;
              }
              break;
            }
            case 8: {
              bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
              id_ = input.readInt32();
              break;
            }
            case 18: {
              bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
              str_ = input.readBytes();
              break;
            }
            case 24: {
              bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
              opt_ = input.readInt32();
              break;
            }
          }
        }
      } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
      } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
        throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(
            e.getMessage()).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
      } finally {
        this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
        makeExtensionsImmutable();
      }
    }
    public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
        getDescriptor() {
      return org.protob.W.internal_static_org_protob_helloworld_descriptor;
    }

    protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable
        internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
      return org.protob.W.internal_static_org_protob_helloworld_fieldAccessorTable
          .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
              org.protob.W.helloworld.class, org.protob.W.helloworld.Builder.class);
    }

    public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<helloworld> PARSER =
        new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<helloworld>() {
      public helloworld parsePartialFrom(
          com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return new helloworld(input, extensionRegistry);
      }
    };

    @java.lang.Override
    public com.google.protobuf.Parser<helloworld> getParserForType() {
      return PARSER;
    }

    private int bitField0_;
    // required int32 id = 1;
    public static final int ID_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
    private int id_;
    /**
     * <code>required int32 id = 1;</code>
     *
     * <pre>
     * ID 
     * </pre>
     */
    public boolean hasId() {
      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001);
    }
    /**
     * <code>required int32 id = 1;</code>
     *
     * <pre>
     * ID 
     * </pre>
     */
    public int getId() {
      return id_;
    }

    // required string str = 2;
    public static final int STR_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
    private java.lang.Object str_;
    /**
     * <code>required string str = 2;</code>
     *
     * <pre>
     * str 
     * </pre>
     */
    public boolean hasStr() {
      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002);
    }
    /**
     * <code>required string str = 2;</code>
     *
     * <pre>
     * str 
     * </pre>
     */
    public java.lang.String getStr() {
      java.lang.Object ref = str_;
      if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
        return (java.lang.String) ref;
      } else {
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = 
            (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
        java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
        if (bs.isValidUtf8()) {
          str_ = s;
        }
        return s;
      }
    }
    /**
     * <code>required string str = 2;</code>
     *
     * <pre>
     * str 
     * </pre>
     */
    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getStrBytes() {
      java.lang.Object ref = str_;
      if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
            com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                (java.lang.String) ref);
        str_ = b;
        return b;
      } else {
        return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
      }
    }

    // optional int32 opt = 3;
    public static final int OPT_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
    private int opt_;
    /**
     * <code>optional int32 opt = 3;</code>
     *
     * <pre>
     *optional field 
     * </pre>
     */
    public boolean hasOpt() {
      return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004);
    }
    /**
     * <code>optional int32 opt = 3;</code>
     *
     * <pre>
     *optional field 
     * </pre>
     */
    public int getOpt() {
      return opt_;
    }

    private void initFields() {
      id_ = 0;
      str_ = "";
      opt_ = 0;
    }
    private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
    public final boolean isInitialized() {
      byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
      if (isInitialized != -1) return isInitialized == 1;

      if (!hasId()) {
        memoizedIsInitialized = 0;
        return false;
      }
      if (!hasStr()) {
        memoizedIsInitialized = 0;
        return false;
      }
      memoizedIsInitialized = 1;
      return true;
    }

    public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)
                        throws java.io.IOException {
      getSerializedSize();
      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001)) {
        output.writeInt32(1, id_);
      }
      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002)) {
        output.writeBytes(2, getStrBytes());
      }
      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004)) {
        output.writeInt32(3, opt_);
      }
      getUnknownFields().writeTo(output);
    }

    private int memoizedSerializedSize = -1;
    public int getSerializedSize() {
      int size = memoizedSerializedSize;
      if (size != -1) return size;

      size = 0;
      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) == 0x00000001)) {
        size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
          .computeInt32Size(1, id_);
      }
      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) == 0x00000002)) {
        size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
          .computeBytesSize(2, getStrBytes());
      }
      if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) == 0x00000004)) {
        size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
          .computeInt32Size(3, opt_);
      }
      size += getUnknownFields().getSerializedSize();
      memoizedSerializedSize = size;
      return size;
    }

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
    @java.lang.Override
    protected java.lang.Object writeReplace()
        throws java.io.ObjectStreamException {
      return super.writeReplace();
    }

    public static org.protob.W.helloworld parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
    }
    public static org.protob.W.helloworld parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static org.protob.W.helloworld parseFrom(byte[] data)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
    }
    public static org.protob.W.helloworld parseFrom(
        byte[] data,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static org.protob.W.helloworld parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(input);
    }
    public static org.protob.W.helloworld parseFrom(
        java.io.InputStream input,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static org.protob.W.helloworld parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return PARSER.parseDelimitedFrom(input);
    }
    public static org.protob.W.helloworld parseDelimitedFrom(
        java.io.InputStream input,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return PARSER.parseDelimitedFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static org.protob.W.helloworld parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(input);
    }
    public static org.protob.W.helloworld parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
    }

    public static Builder newBuilder() { return Builder.create(); }
    public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }
    public static Builder newBuilder(org.protob.W.helloworld prototype) {
      return newBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
    }
    public Builder toBuilder() { return newBuilder(this); }

    @java.lang.Override
    protected Builder newBuilderForType(
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {
      Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
      return builder;
    }
    /**
     * Protobuf type {@code org.protob.helloworld}
     */
    public static final class Builder extends
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder<Builder>
       implements org.protob.W.helloworldOrBuilder {
      public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
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      public Builder clear() {
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        id_ = 0;
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
        str_ = "";
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
        opt_ = 0;
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
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      public Builder clone() {
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      public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
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      public org.protob.W.helloworld getDefaultInstanceForType() {
        return org.protob.W.helloworld.getDefaultInstance();
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      public org.protob.W.helloworld build() {
        org.protob.W.helloworld result = buildPartial();
        if (!result.isInitialized()) {
          throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);
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        return result;
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      public org.protob.W.helloworld buildPartial() {
        org.protob.W.helloworld result = new org.protob.W.helloworld(this);
        int from_bitField0_ = bitField0_;
        int to_bitField0_ = 0;
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      public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
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      public Builder mergeFrom(org.protob.W.helloworld other) {
        if (other == org.protob.W.helloworld.getDefaultInstance()) return this;
        if (other.hasId()) {
          setId(other.getId());
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        if (other.hasStr()) {
          bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
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          onChanged();
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        if (other.hasOpt()) {
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        this.mergeUnknownFields(other.getUnknownFields());
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      public final boolean isInitialized() {
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        if (!hasStr()) {
          
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      private int bitField0_;

      // required int32 id = 1;
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       *
       * <pre>
       * ID 
       * </pre>
       */
      public boolean hasId() {
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      /**
       * <code>required int32 id = 1;</code>
       *
       * <pre>
       * ID 
       * </pre>
       */
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       * <code>required int32 id = 1;</code>
       *
       * <pre>
       * ID 
       * </pre>
       */
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        bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
        id_ = value;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>required int32 id = 1;</code>
       *
       * <pre>
       * ID 
       * </pre>
       */
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        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
        id_ = 0;
        onChanged();
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      // required string str = 2;
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      /**
       * <code>required string str = 2;</code>
       *
       * <pre>
       * str 
       * </pre>
       */
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       * <code>required string str = 2;</code>
       *
       * <pre>
       * str 
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       * <code>required string str = 2;</code>
       *
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       * <code>required string str = 2;</code>
       *
       * <pre>
       * str 
       * </pre>
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    throw new NullPointerException();
  }
  bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
        str_ = value;
        onChanged();
        return this;
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       * <code>required string str = 2;</code>
       *
       * <pre>
       * str 
       * </pre>
       */
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        str_ = getDefaultInstance().getStr();
        onChanged();
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       * <code>required string str = 2;</code>
       *
       * <pre>
       * str 
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  bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
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        onChanged();
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       * <pre>
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       * <code>optional int32 opt = 3;</code>
       *
       * <pre>
       *optional field 
       * </pre>
       */
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      }
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       * <code>optional int32 opt = 3;</code>
       *
       * <pre>
       *optional field 
       * </pre>
       */
      public Builder setOpt(int value) {
        bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
        opt_ = value;
        onChanged();
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      /**
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       */
      public Builder clearOpt() {
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
        opt_ = 0;
        onChanged();
        return this;
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    }

    static {
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}

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