Flask SocketIO 實現動態繪圖

微軟技術分享發表於2023-11-27

Flask-SocketIO 是基於 Flask 的一個擴充套件,用於簡化在 Flask 應用中整合 WebSocket 功能。WebSocket 是一種在客戶端和伺服器之間實現實時雙向通訊的協議,常用於實現實時性要求較高的應用,如聊天應用、實時通知等,使得開發者可以更輕鬆地構建實時性要求較高的應用。透過定義事件處理函式,可以實現雙向實時通訊,為應用提供更加豐富和實時的使用者體驗。

前端引數拼接

Flask 提供了針對WebSocket的支援外掛flask_socketio直接透過pip命令安裝即可匯入使用,同時前端也需要引入SocketIO.js庫檔案。

如下程式碼透過ECharts圖表庫和WebSocket技術實現了一個實時監控主機CPU負載的動態折線圖。透過WebSocket連線到Flask應用中的Socket.IO名稱空間,前端透過實時接收後端傳來的CPU負載資料,動態更新折線圖,展示1分鐘、5分鐘和15分鐘的CPU負載趨勢。同時,透過控制檯列印實時資料,實現了方便的除錯和監控功能。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.lyshark.com/javascript/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.lyshark.com/javascript/socket.io/socket.io.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.lyshark.com/javascript/echarts/5.3.0/echarts.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="Linechart" style="height:500px;width:1200px;border:1px solid #673ab7;padding:10px;"></div>

    <!-- 執行繪圖函式-->
    <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8">
        var display = function(time,x,y,z)
        {
            var echo = echarts.init(document.getElementById("Linechart"));
            var option = {
                title: {
                    left: 'left',
                    text: 'CPU 利用表動態監控',
                },
                // 調節大小
                grid: {
                    left: '3%',
                    right: '4%',
                    bottom: '3%',
                    containLabel: true
                },
                // tooltip 滑鼠放上去之後會自動出現座標
                tooltip: {
                    trigger: 'axis',
                    axisPointer: {
                        type: 'cross',
                        label: {
                            backgroundColor: '#6a7985'
                        }
                    }
                },
            legend: {
                data: ['1分鐘負載', '5分鐘負載', '15分鐘負載']
            },

            xAxis: {
                type: 'category',
                // data: ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']
                data: time
            },
            yAxis: {
                type: 'value'
            },
            series:
            [
                {
                    name: "1分鐘負載",
                    stack: "總量",
                    //data: [10, 25, 99, 87, 54, 66, 2],
                    data: x,
                    type: 'line',
                    areaStyle: {}
                },
                {
                    name: "5分鐘負載",
                    stack: "總量",
                    //data: [89, 57, 85, 44, 25, 4, 54],
                    data: y,
                    type: 'line',
                    areaStyle: {}
                },
                {
                    name: "15分鐘負載",
                    stack: "總量",
                    //data: [1, 43, 2, 12, 5, 4, 7],
                    data: z,
                    type: 'line',
                    areaStyle: {}
                }
            ]
            };
            echo.setOption(option,true);
        }
    </script>

    <!-- 負責對引數的解析,填充資料 -->
    <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8">
        var time =["","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""];
        var cpu_load1 = [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0];
        var cpu_load5 = [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0];
        var cpu_load15 = [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0];

        var update_function = function(recv)
        {
            time.push(recv.datetime);
            cpu_load1.push(parseFloat(recv.load1));
            cpu_load5.push(parseFloat(recv.load5));
            cpu_load15.push(parseFloat(recv.load15));

            if(time.length >=10)
            {
                time.shift();
                cpu_load1.shift();
                cpu_load5.shift();
                cpu_load15.shift();

                console.log("時間陣列: " + time);
                console.log("1分鐘: " + cpu_load1);
                console.log("5分鐘: " + cpu_load5);
                console.log("15分鐘: " + cpu_load15);

                // 呼叫繪圖函式
                display(time,cpu_load1,cpu_load5,cpu_load15);
            }
        };
    </script>

    <!-- 負責接收目標主機的CPU負載情況 -->
   <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8">
        $(document).ready(function()
        {
            namespace = '/Socket';
            var socket = io.connect("http://" + document.domain + ":" + location.port + namespace);
            socket.emit("message",{"data":"hello lyshark"});  // 初始化完成後,傳送一條訊息.
            socket.on('response', function(recv) {
                console.log("時間: " + recv.datetime);
                console.log("1分鐘: " + recv.load1);
                console.log("5分鐘: " + recv.load5);
                console.log("15分鐘: " + recv.load15);

                // 呼叫函式完成資料填充
                update_function(recv);
            });
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

後臺程式碼使用Flask和Flask-SocketIO搭建了一個實時監控主機CPU負載的WebSocket應用,並將資料透過socketio.emit函式將資料推送給前端展示。

關鍵點概括如下:

Flask和SocketIO整合:

  • 使用Flask框架建立了一個Web應用,並透過Flask-SocketIO整合了WebSocket功能,實現了實時雙向通訊。

訊息接收與實時推送:

  • 定義了socket事件處理函式,用於接收前端透過WebSocket傳送的訊息。在無限迴圈中,透過socketio.sleep方法設定每2秒推送一次實時的CPU負載資料給前端。

前端連線和斷開事件:

  • 定義了connectdisconnect事件處理函式,分別在WebSocket連線建立和斷開時觸發。在控制檯列印相應資訊,用於監控連線狀態。

實時資料推送:

  • 使用socketio.emit方法實時將CPU負載資料推送給前端,以更新折線圖。推送的資料包括當前時間、1分鐘負載、5分鐘負載和15分鐘負載。

前端頁面渲染:

  • 透過Flask的render_template方法渲染了一個HTML頁面,用於展示實時更新的CPU負載折線圖。

除錯資訊輸出:

  • 在每個事件處理函式中使用print語句輸出除錯資訊,方便監測WebSocket連線和訊息的傳遞過程。

總體來說,該應用實現了一個簡單而實用的實時監控系統,透過WebSocket技術實時推送主機CPU負載資料至前端,為使用者提供了實時視覺化的監控體驗。

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
from flask_socketio import SocketIO
import time,psutil

async_mode = None
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = "lyshark"
socketio = SocketIO(app)

@app.route("/")
def index():
    return render_template("index.html")

# 出現訊息後,率先執行此處
@socketio.on("message",namespace="/Socket")
def socket(message):
    print("接收到訊息:",message['data'])

    while True:
        socketio.sleep(2)
        data = time.strftime("%M:%S",time.localtime())
        cpu = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=None,percpu=True)

        socketio.emit("response",
                      {"datetime": data, "load1": cpu[0], "load5": cpu[1], "load15": cpu[2]},
                      namespace="/Socket")

# 當websocket連線成功時,自動觸發connect預設方法
@socketio.on("connect",namespace="/Socket")
def connect():
    print("連結建立成功..")

# 當websocket連線失敗時,自動觸發disconnect預設方法
@socketio.on("disconnect",namespace="/Socket")
def disconnect():
    print("連結建立失敗..")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    socketio.run(app,debug=True)

執行後,即可輸出當前系統下CPU的負載情況,如下圖所示;

後端引數拼接

如上所示的程式碼是在前端進行的資料拼接,如果我們想要在後端進行資料的拼接,則需要對程式碼進行一定的改進。

前端編寫以下程式碼,透過WebSocket建立通訊隧道,而後臺則每隔2秒向前臺推送傳遞字典資料。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.lyshark.com/javascript/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.lyshark.com/javascript/socket.io/socket.io.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.lyshark.com/javascript/echarts/5.3.0/echarts.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div id="Linechart" style="height:500px;width:1200px;border:1px solid #673ab7;padding:10px;"></div>

    <!-- 執行繪圖函式-->
    <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8">
        var display = function(time,x,y,z)
        {
            var echo = echarts.init(document.getElementById("Linechart"));
            var option = {
                title: {
                    left: 'left',
                    text: 'CPU 利用表動態監控',
                },
                // 調節大小
                grid: {
                    left: '3%',
                    right: '4%',
                    bottom: '3%',
                    containLabel: true
                },
                // tooltip 滑鼠放上去之後會自動出現座標
                tooltip: {
                    trigger: 'axis',
                    axisPointer: {
                        type: 'cross',
                        label: {
                            backgroundColor: '#6a7985'
                        }
                    }
                },
            legend: {
                data: ['1分鐘負載', '5分鐘負載', '15分鐘負載']
            },

            xAxis: {
                type: 'category',
                // data: ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']
                data: time
            },
            yAxis: {
                type: 'value'
            },
            series:
            [
                {
                    name: "1分鐘負載",
                    stack: "總量",
                    //data: [10, 25, 99, 87, 54, 66, 2],
                    data: x,
                    type: 'line',
                    areaStyle: {}
                },
                {
                    name: "5分鐘負載",
                    stack: "總量",
                    //data: [89, 57, 85, 44, 25, 4, 54],
                    data: y,
                    type: 'line',
                    areaStyle: {}
                },
                {
                    name: "15分鐘負載",
                    stack: "總量",
                    //data: [1, 43, 2, 12, 5, 4, 7],
                    data: z,
                    type: 'line',
                    areaStyle: {}
                }
            ]
            };
            echo.setOption(option,true);
        }
    </script>

    <!-- 負責接收目標主機的CPU負載情況 -->
   <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8">
        $(document).ready(function()
        {
            namespace = '/Socket';
            var socket = io.connect("http://" + document.domain + ":" + location.port + namespace);
            socket.emit("message",{"data":"hello lyshark"});  // 初始化完成後,傳送一條訊息.
            socket.on('response', function(recv) {
                console.log("時間: " + recv.datetime);
                console.log("1分鐘: " + recv.load1);
                console.log("5分鐘: " + recv.load5);
                console.log("15分鐘: " + recv.load15);

                // 呼叫繪圖函式
                display(recv.datetime,recv.load1,recv.load5,recv.load15);
            });
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

後臺程式碼則是收集資料,並將資料透過socketio.emit函式,推送給前端。

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
from flask_socketio import SocketIO
import time,psutil

async_mode = None
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = "lyshark"
socketio = SocketIO(app)

# 填充資料表
local_time = ["", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ""]
cpu_load1 = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
cpu_load5 = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
cpu_load15 = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

# 左移填充
def shift(Array, Size, Push):
    if len(Array) <= Size and len(Array) >= 0:
        Array.pop(0)
        Array.append(Push)
        return True
    return False

# 右移填充
def unshift(Array, Size, Push):
    if len(Array) <= Size and len(Array) >= 0:
        Array.pop(Size-1)
        Array.insert(0,Push)

@app.route("/")
def index():
    return render_template("index.html")

# 出現訊息後,率先執行此處
@socketio.on("message",namespace="/Socket")
def socket(message):
    print("接收到訊息:",message['data'])
    while True:
        socketio.sleep(1)
        data = time.strftime("%M:%S",time.localtime())
        cpu = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=None,percpu=True)

        # 實現陣列最大35,每次左移覆蓋第一個
        shift(local_time,35,data)
        shift(cpu_load1,35,cpu[0])
        shift(cpu_load5, 35, cpu[1])
        shift(cpu_load15, 35, cpu[2])

        socketio.emit("response",
                      {"datetime": local_time, "load1": cpu_load1, "load5": cpu_load5, "load15": cpu_load15},
                      namespace="/Socket")

# 當websocket連線成功時,自動觸發connect預設方法
@socketio.on("connect",namespace="/Socket")
def connect():
    print("連結建立成功..")

# 當websocket連線失敗時,自動觸發disconnect預設方法
@socketio.on("disconnect",namespace="/Socket")
def disconnect():
    print("連結建立失敗..")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    socketio.run(app,debug=True)

執行動態圖如下所示;

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