（翻譯）2016美國數學建模MCM B題（離散型）翻譯:Space Junk太空垃圾

PROBLEM B: Space Junk

The amount of small debris in orbit around earth has been a growing concern. It is estimated that more than 500,000 pieces of space debris, also called orbital debris, are currently being tracked as potential hazards to space craft. The issue itself became more widely discussed in the news media when the Russian satellite Kosmos-2251 and the USA satellite Iridium-33 collided on 10 February, 2009.

A number of methods to remove the debris have been proposed. These methods include small, space-based water jets and high energy lasers used to target specific pieces of debris and large satellites designed to sweep up the debris, among others. The debris ranges in size and mass from paint flakes to abandoned satellites. The debris’ high velocity orbits make capture difficult.

Develop a time-dependent model to determine the best alternative or combination of alternatives that a private firm could adopt as a commercial opportunity to address the space debris problem. Your model should include quantitative and/or qualitative estimates of costs, risks, benefits, as well as other important factors. Your model should be able to assess independent alternatives as well as combinations of alternatives and be able to explore a variety of important “What if?” scenarios.

Using your model, determine whether an economically attractive opportunity exists or no such opportunity is possible. If a viable commercial opportunity exists as an alternative solution, provide a comparison of the different options for removing debris, and include a specific recommendation as to how the debris should be removed. If no such opportunity is possible, then provide innovative alternatives for avoiding collisions.

In addition to the required one-page summary for your MCM submission, your report must include a two-page Executive Summary that describes the options considered and major modeling results, and provides a recommendation for a particular action, combination of actions, or no action, as appropriate from your work. The Executive Summary should be written for high level policy makers and news media analysts who do not have a technical background.

B: 小碎片在軌道上繞地球金額已日益受到關注。據估計，超過50萬件的空間碎片，也被稱為軌道碎片，目前都被跟蹤的潛在危害航天器。這個問題本身變得更廣泛的討論，在新聞媒體時，俄羅斯衛星的Kosmos-2251和美國銥衛星-33相撞2009年2月10日。

有許多方法以除去碎片已被提出。這些方法包括小的，基於空間的水射流和用於針對特定的碎片高能鐳射器和設計，以清掃雜物，其中包括大型衛星。從漆片的廢棄衛星的大小和質量的碎片範圍。碎片“高速軌道進行採集困難。

開發時間依賴模型來確定的替代品，私人公司可以採取作為一個商業機會，以解決空間碎片問題的最佳替代品或組合。您的模型應該包括成本，風險，效益的定量和/或定性的估計，以及其他重要的因素。您的模型應該能夠評估獨立的替代品的替代品，以及組合和能夠探索各種重要的“如果？”的情景。

使用模型，確定了經濟上有吸引力的機會是否存在，或沒有這樣的機會是可能的。如果一個可行的商業機會的存在作為一種替代解決方案，提供了不同的選擇去除雜物進行比較，幷包括具體建議，以碎片應該如何去除。如果沒有這樣的機會是可能的，然後提供用於避免碰撞的創新性的替代品。

除了必需的單頁摘要您的MCM提交，你的報告必須包括一份兩頁的內容摘要，介紹了考慮的選擇和主要模擬結果，並提供了一​​個特定的行動建議，這些動作的組合，或無動作酌情從你的工作。執行摘要應為高層決策者和新聞媒體分析誰沒有技術背景來寫。