POJ 2031-Building a Space Station（最小生成樹-三維座標系）

You are a member of the space station engineering team, and are assigned a task in the construction process of the station. You are expected to write a computer program to complete the task. 
The space station is made up with a number of units, called cells. All cells are sphere-shaped, but their sizes are not necessarily uniform. Each cell is fixed at its predetermined position shortly after the station is successfully put into its orbit. It is quite strange that two cells may be touching each other, or even may be overlapping. In an extreme case, a cell may be totally enclosing another one. I do not know how such arrangements are possible. 

All the cells must be connected, since crew members should be able to walk from any cell to any other cell. They can walk from a cell A to another cell B, if, (1) A and B are touching each other or overlapping, (2) A and B are connected by a `corridor', or (3) there is a cell C such that walking from A to C, and also from B to C are both possible. Note that the condition (3) should be interpreted transitively. 

You are expected to design a configuration, namely, which pairs of cells are to be connected with corridors. There is some freedom in the corridor configuration. For example, if there are three cells A, B and C, not touching nor overlapping each other, at least three plans are possible in order to connect all three cells. The first is to build corridors A-B and A-C, the second B-C and B-A, the third C-A and C-B. The cost of building a corridor is proportional to its length. Therefore, you should choose a plan with the shortest total length of the corridors. 

You can ignore the width of a corridor. A corridor is built between points on two cells' surfaces. It can be made arbitrarily long, but of course the shortest one is chosen. Even if two corridors A-B and C-D intersect in space, they are not considered to form a connection path between (for example) A and C. In other words, you may consider that two corridors never intersect. 

The input consists of multiple data sets. Each data set is given in the following format. 

n 
x1 y1 z1 r1 
x2 y2 z2 r2 
... 
xn yn zn rn 

The first line of a data set contains an integer n, which is the number of cells. n is positive, and does not exceed 100. 

The following n lines are descriptions of cells. Four values in a line are x-, y- and z-coordinates of the center, and radius (called r in the rest of the problem) of the sphere, in this order. Each value is given by a decimal fraction, with 3 digits after the decimal point. Values are separated by a space character. 

Each of x, y, z and r is positive and is less than 100.0. 

The end of the input is indicated by a line containing a zero. 

For each data set, the shortest total length of the corridors should be printed, each in a separate line. The printed values should have 3 digits after the decimal point. They may not have an error greater than 0.001. 

Note that if no corridors are necessary, that is, if all the cells are connected without corridors, the shortest total length of the corridors is 0.000. 

3
10.000 10.000 50.000 10.000
40.000 10.000 50.000 10.000
40.000 40.000 50.000 10.000
2
30.000 30.000 30.000 20.000
40.000 40.000 40.000 20.000
5
5.729 15.143 3.996 25.837
6.013 14.372 4.818 10.671
80.115 63.292 84.477 15.120
64.095 80.924 70.029 14.881
39.472 85.116 71.369 5.553
0

20.000
0.000
73.834

Japan 2003 Domestic

空間站可以看成是圓球體，是建立在三維座標系中的，給出N個空間站的（x,y,z）座標及其半徑r。

如果兩個空間站之間有接觸（兩球相交或相切），那麼這兩個空間站可以互相直接到達，否則（兩球相離）需要在他們之間建立道路來連線。

計算出將所有空間站連線起來所需要的最短路程。

記圓心A(x1,y1,z1),B(x2,y2,z2),則A,B之間的距離為 ：d=√[(x1-x2)^2+(y1-y2)^2+(z1-z2)^2]；

以每個空間站為節點，它們之間的距離為邊權，建立無向圖，求最小生成樹。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <iomanip>
#include <algorithm>
#define MAXN 110
#define INF 0xfffffff//0X代表16進位制，後面是數字，十進位制是4294967295
using namespace std;
struct Node
{
    double x,y,z,r;
} p[MAXN];
double cost[MAXN][MAXN],dis[MAXN],mincost[MAXN];
int n;
bool used[MAXN];//標識是否使用過

void prim()
{
    fill(mincost,mincost+n,INF);
    fill(used,used+n,false);
    mincost[0]=0;
    double res=0;
    while(true)
    {
        int v=-1;
        for(int u=0; u<n; ++u)
        {
            //從不屬於已加入生成樹的頂點中選取從已加入生成樹的點到該頂點的權值最小的點
            if(!used[u]&&(v==-1||mincost[u]<mincost[v]))
                v=u;
        }
        if(v==-1) break;
        used[v]=true;
        res+=mincost[v];
        for(int u=0; u<n; ++u)
            mincost[u]=min(mincost[u],cost[v][u]);
    }
    cout<<fixed<<setprecision(3)<<res<<endl;
}

int main()
{
#ifdef ONLINE_JUDGE
#else
    freopen("F:/cb/read.txt","r",stdin);
    //freopen("F:/cb/out.txt","w",stdout);
#endif
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0);
    while(cin>>n&&n)
    {
        for(int i=0; i<n; ++i)
            for(int j=0; j<n; ++j)
                cost[i][j]=INF;
        for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
            cin>>p[i].x>>p[i].y>>p[i].z>>p[i].r;
        for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
            for(int j=i+1; j<n; j++)
            {
                if(cost[i][j]!=INF) continue;
                double t=sqrt((p[i].x-p[j].x)*(p[i].x-p[j].x)+(p[i].y-p[j].y)*(p[i].y-p[j].y)+(p[i].z-p[j].z)*(p[i].z-p[j].z));
                t-=(p[i].r+p[j].r);//計算兩個圓心之間的距離
                if(t<=0) cost[i][j]=cost[j][i]=0;//特判小於0的情況，兩個空間站直接可達
                else cost[i][j]=cost[j][i]=t;//無向圖
            }
        prim();
    }
    return 0;
}
/*
3
10.000 10.000 50.000 10.000
40.000 10.000 50.000 10.000
40.000 40.000 50.000 10.000
2
30.000 30.000 30.000 20.000
40.000 40.000 40.000 20.000
5
5.729 15.143 3.996 25.837
6.013 14.372 4.818 10.671
80.115 63.292 84.477 15.120
64.095 80.924 70.029 14.881
39.472 85.116 71.369 5.553
0
*/