穩定性測試:測試應用程式在長時間執行過程中是否存在記憶體洩漏、崩潰等問題,以確保應用程式具有較高的穩定性和可靠性。
對於安卓端,官方提供了很好的穩定性測試工具:monkey。 相比較而言,iOS則沒有,而且當前網路上似乎也沒有很好的第三方工具可以使用,因此只能自己寫了。
我們要開發的iOS穩定性測試程式,應該至少包含以下內容:
- 持續隨機觸發UI事件
- 崩潰重啟,測試不中斷
- 日誌記錄
首先我們確定以上設想的可行性,然後再製定實施方案。在iOS原生開發語言swift和object-C中提供了可進行單元測試和UI測試的XCTest框架,而同樣可進行移動端UI測試的第三方框架還有Appium等,但相比較第三方的開源框架,原生的XCTest框架效能更好且更穩定,因此這裡我們選擇基於swift語言和XCTest框架來開發。XCTest框架提供了非常全面的啟動App和UI操作相關的API介面, 因此1、2兩點完全可以實現,當然第三點的日誌記錄的實現也同樣不會有什麼問題。接下來就是具體實施了。
首先,我們建立一個用來執行測試的主類:StabilityTestRunner,然後再編寫程式碼去實現以上三點。
一、持續隨機觸發UI事件
讓我們拆分一下,隨機觸發UI事件,實際上包含兩部分:隨機UI元素和隨機的UI操作。那麼:
隨機生成UI元素:
func randomElement(of types: [ElementType]) -> XCUIElement? {
var allElement:[XCUIElement] = []
for type in types {
if !self.exists{
break
}
var elements: [XCUIElement]
if self.alerts.count > 0 {
elements = self.alerts.descendants(matching: type).allElementsBoundByIndex
}else {
elements = self.descendants(matching: type).allElementsBoundByIndex
}
let filteredElements = elements.filter { element in
if !element.exists {
return false
}
if !element.isHittable || !element.isEnabled {
return false // Filter out non clickable and blocked elements.
}
return true
}
allElement.append(contentsOf: filteredElements)
}
return allElement.randomElement()
}
隨機生成UI操作:
/**
Random execution of the given UI operation.
- parameter element: Page Elements.
- parameter actions: Dictionary objects containing different UI operations.
*/
private func performRandomAction(on element: XCUIElement, actions: [String: (XCUIElement) -> ()]) {
let keys = Array(actions.keys)
let randomIndex = Int.random(in: 0..<keys.count)
let randomKey = keys[randomIndex]
let action = actions[randomKey]
if action == nil {
return
}
if !element.exists {
return
}
if !element.isHittable {
return
}
Utils.log("step\(currentStep): \(randomKey) \(element.description)")
action!(element)
}
二、持續測試和崩潰重啟
while !isTestingComplete{
// Randomly select page elements.
let element = app.randomElement(of: elementType)
if element != nil {
currentStep += 1
takeScreenshot(element: element!)
performRandomAction(on: element!, actions: actions) // Perform random UI operations.
XCTWaiter().wait(for: [XCTNSPredicateExpectation(predicate: NSPredicate(format: "self == %d", XCUIApplication.State.runningForeground.rawValue), object: app)], timeout: stepInterval)
if app.state != .runningForeground {
if app.state == .notRunning || app.state == .unknown {
Utils.saveImagesToFiles(images: screenshotData)
Utils.saveImagesToFiles(images: screenshotOfElementData, name: "screenshot_element")
Utils.log("The app crashed. The screenshot before the crash has been saved in the screenshot folder.")
}
app.activate()
}
}
}
三、日誌記錄
記錄截圖並標記UI元素:
private func takeScreenshot(element: XCUIElement) {
let screenshot = app.windows.firstMatch.screenshot().image
if screenshotData.count == 3 {
let minKey = screenshotData.keys.sorted().first!
screenshotData.removeValue(forKey: minKey)
}
let screenshotWithRect = Utils.drawRectOnImage(image: screenshot, rect: element.frame)
screenshotData[currentStep] = screenshotWithRect.pngData()
let screenshotOfElement = element.screenshot().pngRepresentation
if screenshotOfElementData.count == 3 {
let minKey = screenshotOfElementData.keys.sorted().first!
screenshotOfElementData.removeValue(forKey: minKey)
}
screenshotOfElementData[currentStep] = screenshotOfElement
}
透過文字日誌記錄測試執行過程:
static func log(_ message: String) {
print(message)
let dateFormatter = DateFormatter()
dateFormatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
let dateString = dateFormatter.string(from: Date())
let fileManager = FileManager.default
do {
try fileManager.createDirectory(atPath: logSavingPath, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)
} catch {
print("Error creating images directory: \(error)")
}
var fileURL: URL
if #available(iOS 16.0, *) {
fileURL = URL.init(filePath: logSavingPath).appendingPathComponent("log.txt")
} else {
fileURL = URL.init(fileURLWithPath: logSavingPath).appendingPathComponent("log.txt")
}
do {
try "\(dateString) \(message)".appendLineToURL(fileURL: fileURL)
} catch {
print("Error writing to log file: \(error)")
}
日誌匯出:
// To add the log files to the test results file, you can view it on your Mac. The test results file path: /User/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AppStability-*/Logs.
let zipFile = "\(NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(.documentDirectory, .userDomainMask, true)[0])/Logs.zip"
let attachment = XCTAttachment(contentsOfFile: URL(fileURLWithPath: zipFile))
attachment.name = "Logs"
attachment.lifetime = .keepAlways
// Add the "Logs.zip" file to the end of test result file.
add(attachment)
Utils.log("The logs for test steps has been added to the end of test result file at /User/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/AppStability-*/Logs")
注:以上程式碼只是主體實現,瞭解相關細節可透過GitHub或Gitee查閱完整程式碼。
總結
總的來說實現起來並不是很困難,當然從程式使用角度而言,使用者可自定義隨機UI事件的UI元素範圍和UI操作的範圍以及測試執行的時長和時間間隔,因此需要對ios應用程式和Xcode的使用以及iOS UI事件有一定的瞭解,具體使用可檢視完整工程中的示例。