微信公眾號:馮文議(ID:fwy-world)
HTTP請求,在日常開發中,還是比較常見的,今天給大家分享HttpUtils如何使用。
閱讀本文,你將收穫:
- 簡單總結HTTP請求常用配置;
- JavaLib中HttpUtils如何使用;
- 如何封裝HTTP請求工具類。
第一部分:簡單總結HTTP請求常用配置
大家好,在 Java 開發中,經常遇到需要呼叫第三方提供的介面服務,常見的形式是 HTTP + JSON,下面,就對 http 請求常見的設定,做一個說明
http提供多種請求方式,以滿足我們日常需要,先按請求方式來做說明:
- GET
- POST
- PUT
- PATCH
- DELETE
在 RESTful API 開發中,我們可以根據這些請求方式設計我們的API介面。舉例:
- GET:獲取資源
- POST:提交資源
- PUT:更新完整資源
- PATCH:更新部分資源
- DELETE:刪除資源
引數格式
- form表單
- json
其他
- 超時時間設定
第二部分:使用JavaLib的HttpUtils
簡單的get請求
System.out.println(HttpUtils.get("https://www.baidu.com"));
響應結果:
透過簡單嘗試,證明兩點:
- 一是,這個還是可以使用的;
- 二是,原來使用如此簡單。
如果要你手寫一個http請求,或許你腦海裡一篇空白,會去搜尋各種資料。
我們再試一個複雜的
介面:
介面地址:https://erwin-api.fengwenyi.com/erwin/blog/page
請求方法:GET
引數:currentPage,pageSize
引數格式:form
響應:application/json
String url = "https://erwin-api.fengwenyi.com/erwin/bookmark/page?currentPage=1&pageSize=10";
Request request = new Request();
request.setUrl(url);
request.setMethod(Request.Method.GET);
Map<String, String> headerMap = new HashMap<>();
headerMap.put("Accept", "application/json");
Request.Option option = new Request.Option();
option.setHeaders(headerMap);
try {
System.out.println(HttpUtils.execute(request, option));
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
響應結果:
{
"code":"SUCCESS",
"message":"Success",
"success":true,
"header":null,
"body":{
"currentPage":1,
"pageSize":10,
"totalRows":661,
"totalPages":67,
"content":[
{
"id":"1634772578877935617",
"timestamp":1678595130000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"VScode 中文顯示出現黃色方框的解決方法_vscode漢字被框住_YJer的部落格-CSDN部落格",
"url":"https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33249042/article/details/123252625",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"軟體",
"classifyId":"1522587269600481281"
},
{
"id":"1632640455110922241",
"timestamp":1678086792000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"Spring中init-method和destroy-method的四種方式_星夜孤帆的部落格-CSDN部落格",
"url":"https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38826019/article/details/117387398",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"Spring",
"classifyId":"1522586360887742466"
},
{
"id":"1631597310596190209",
"timestamp":1677838087000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"vue3 + elemenplus實現導航欄 - 掘金",
"url":"https://juejin.cn/post/7084871748608327687",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"前端",
"classifyId":"1525554881275990018"
},
{
"id":"1631593154401636354",
"timestamp":1677837096000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"Spring bean 建立過程原始碼解析 - 騰訊雲開發者社群-騰訊雲",
"url":"https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1631160",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"Spring",
"classifyId":"1522586360887742466"
},
{
"id":"1631592987673858050",
"timestamp":1677837056000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"SpringBoot之容器啟動原始碼分析與Bean載入_springboot載入bean 原始碼_minemine0418的部落格-CSDN部落格",
"url":"https://blog.csdn.net/minemine0418/article/details/102308912",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"Spring Boot",
"classifyId":"1522586446766116865"
},
{
"id":"1631586585454678018",
"timestamp":1677835530000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"Spring-Bean生命週期 - 知乎",
"url":"https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/158468104",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"Spring",
"classifyId":"1522586360887742466"
},
{
"id":"1631579732104548354",
"timestamp":1677833896000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"一文讀懂 Spring Bean 的生命週期_spring bean的生命週期_老周聊架構的部落格-CSDN部落格",
"url":"https://blog.csdn.net/riemann_/article/details/118500805",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"Spring",
"classifyId":"1522586360887742466"
},
{
"id":"1630768897186697218",
"timestamp":1677640578000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"MySQL同時統計多個條件的記錄條數_ztnhnr的部落格-CSDN部落格",
"url":"https://blog.csdn.net/ztnhnr/article/details/107165942",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"MySQL",
"classifyId":"1522586805693681666"
},
{
"id":"1630768792098410497",
"timestamp":1677640553000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"sql查詢近七天,近兩週,近一個月的資料_sql最近一週資料_心誠則靈'的部落格-CSDN部落格",
"url":"https://blog.csdn.net/wenchangwenliu/article/details/119891790",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"MySQL",
"classifyId":"1522586805693681666"
},
{
"id":"1630480535938764801",
"timestamp":1677571827000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"開源流程引擎哪個好,如何選型? - 知乎",
"url":"https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/369761832",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"Java",
"classifyId":"1522586296119300097"
}
]
}
}
響應結果,還是符合預期的。
當然,HTTP還有其他,比如超時等等,下面看看完整版的請求示例:
Map<String, Object> paramMap = new HashMap<>();
paramMap.put("currentPage", 1);
paramMap.put("pageSize", 10);
Map<String, String> headerMap = new HashMap<>();
headerMap.put("Accept", "application/json");
Request request = new Request();
request.setUrl("https://erwin-api.fengwenyi.com/erwin/bookmark/page");
request.setParam(paramMap);
request.setMethod(Request.Method.GET);
request.setUtil(Request.Util.OkHttp);
Request.Option option = new Request.Option();
option.setHeaders(headerMap);
option.setConnectTimeoutSecond(3);
option.setReadTimeoutSecond(5);
option.setLogLevel(Request.LogLevel.DEBUG);
try {
String result = HttpUtils.execute(request, option);
System.out.println(result);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
響應結果也是跟上面一樣的。
第三部分:分享HttpUtils是如何封裝的
首先是 Request
和 Response
對應HTTP的請求和響應,包路徑如下:
- com.fengwenyi.javalib.http.Request
- com.fengwenyi.javalib.http.Response
另外,com.fengwenyi.javalib.http.Request.Option
來存放HTTP引數配置。
這一部分的思路來源是 Spring Cloud OpenFeign。
為了相容多種HTTP工具實現請求,引入了 HttpClientFactory
,其他工具類,只要實現 HttpClient
介面,就行。
- com.fengwenyi.javalib.http.client.HttpClient
- com.fengwenyi.javalib.http.client.HttpClientFactory
歐克,下面我們就以程式碼來看看:
HttpUtils#execute
public static String execute(Request request, Request.Option option) throws IOException {
check(request);
HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientFactory.get(request.getUtil());
Response response = httpClient.execute(request, option);
return handleResponse(response);
}
HttpClientFactory#get
public static HttpClient get(Request.Util httpUtil) {
if (Request.Util.JDK == httpUtil) {
return new JdkHttpClient();
} else if (Request.Util.OkHttp == httpUtil) {
return new OkHttpClient();
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("not find http util: " + httpUtil.name());
}
}
所以,只需要實現 HttpClient#execute
介面就行。
Response execute(Request request, Request.Option option) throws IOException;
原始碼:https://github.com/fengwenyi/JavaLib
好了,今天的分享就到這裡了。我是小馮,一名Java程式設計師,專注於程式設計和開發,如果你在開發上遇到問題,歡迎一起交流,微信公眾號:馮文議(ID:fwy-world)。