SpringMVC檔案上傳
1.基本介紹
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SpringMVC 為檔案上傳提供了直接的支援,這種支援是透過即插即用的 MultipartResolver 實現的。spring 用 Jacarta Commons FileUpload 技術實現了一個 MultipartResolver 的實現類:CommonsMultipartResovler
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SpringMVC 上下文預設沒有裝配 MultipartResolver ,因此預設情況下不能處理檔案的上傳工作。如果要使用 Spring 檔案上傳功能,要先在上下文(容器檔案)中配置 MultipartResolver
<!--配置檔案上傳解析器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" id="multipartResolver"> </bean>
2.應用例項
(1)引入 SpringMVC 檔案上傳需要的 jar 包
(2)建立 fileUpload.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>檔案上傳</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/fileUpload"
method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
檔案介紹:<input type="text" name="introduce"/><br/>
選擇檔案:<input type="file" name="file"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="上傳檔案"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
(3)web.xml 檔案中配置過濾器,處理中文亂碼問題(這裡使用 spring 提供的過濾器)
<!--使用spring提供的過濾器處理中文-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<!--大小寫都支援-->
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
(4)MyCharacterFilter.java
package com.li.web.filter;
import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author 李
* @version 1.0
* 編寫過濾器處理中文亂碼問題
*/
public class MyCharacterFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest,
ServletResponse servletResponse,
FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
//加入對編碼的處理
servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//放行請求
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {}
}
(5)在 spring 的容器檔案中,配置檔案上傳解析器
<!--配置檔案上傳解析器-->
<!--這裡是按照介面名字獲取bean,因此 id要寫為 multipartResolver(介面)-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"
id="multipartResolver">
</bean>
(6)建立 FileUploadHandler.java
package com.li.web.fileupload;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author 李
* @version 1.0
* 處理檔案上傳的 handler
*/
@Controller
public class FileUploadHandler {
//編寫方法,處理檔案上傳的請求
@RequestMapping(value = "/fileUpload")
public String fileUpload(@RequestParam(value = "file") MultipartFile multipartFile,
HttpServletRequest request, String introduce)
throws IOException {
//接收到提交的檔名
String originalFilename = multipartFile.getOriginalFilename();
System.out.println("你上傳的檔案介紹=" + introduce);
System.out.println("你上傳的檔名=" + originalFilename);
//得到上傳的檔案要儲存的路徑[全路徑:包括檔名]
//這裡其實是out目錄下的路徑
String fileFullPath =
request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/img/" + originalFilename);
//建立檔案
File saveToFile = new File(fileFullPath);
//將上傳檔案轉存到 saveToFile
multipartFile.transferTo(saveToFile);
return "success";
}
}
(7)啟動 tomcat,訪問 fileUpload.jsp,選擇檔案上傳
後臺輸出:
上傳的檔案:
這裡只是模擬,真正開發中不會將檔案存放在專案目錄中,而是存放在主機的另外的磁碟上,每次存放檔案時會將存放路徑儲存到資料庫中。下載檔案時會讀取資料庫資料,得到路徑,尋找檔案。
postman 也可以進行檔案上傳:
3.transferTO()方法
@Override
public void transferTo(File dest) throws IOException, IllegalStateException {
//首先判斷該檔案(路徑)在磁碟中是不是可獲取的
if (!isAvailable()) {
throw new IllegalStateException("File has already been moved - cannot be transferred again");
}
//判斷上傳的檔案在磁碟中存不存在,如果存在就會去嘗試刪除該檔案,如果刪除失敗,就會丟擲異常
if (dest.exists() && !dest.delete()) {
throw new IOException(
"Destination file [" + dest.getAbsolutePath() + "] already exists and could not be deleted");
}
//如果檔案不存在,或者存在但刪除成功了
try {
//將上傳的檔案複製到目標目錄 dest 下
//this.fileItem 就是你要上傳檔案的臨時檔案(tmp檔案)
//就是說 SpringMVC 上傳檔案也是先將上傳檔案儲存為臨時檔案,然後再複製為目標檔案
this.fileItem.write(dest);
LogFormatUtils.traceDebug(logger, traceOn -> {
String action = "transferred";
if (!this.fileItem.isInMemory()) {
action = (isAvailable() ? "copied" : "moved");
}
return "Part '" + getName() + "', filename '" + getOriginalFilename() + "'" +
(traceOn ? ", stored " + getStorageDescription() : "") +
": " + action + " to [" + dest.getAbsolutePath() + "]";
});
}
catch (FileUploadException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
}
catch (IllegalStateException | IOException ex) {
// Pass through IllegalStateException when coming from FileItem directly,
// or propagate an exception from I/O operations within FileItem.write
throw ex;
}
catch (Exception ex) {
throw new IOException("File transfer failed", ex);
}
}