交易系統先鋒、圖靈獎得主 Jim Gray

一、簡歷

Dr. Gray is a specialist in database and transaction processing computer systems. At Microsoft his research focuses on applying computers to solve data-intensive scientific problems: eScience.   He has a long-standing interest in scaleable computing: building super-servers and work-group systems from commodity software and hardware.  Prior to joining Microsoft, he worked at Digital, Tandem, IBM and AT&T on database and transaction processing systems including Rdb, ACMS, NonStop SQL, Pathway, System R, SQL/DS, DB2, and IMS-Fast Path.  He is editor of the Performance Handbook for Database and Transaction Processing Systems, and co-author of Transaction Processing Concepts and Techniques.  He holds doctorates from Berkeley and honorary doctorates from Stuttgart(1990) and Paris, is a Member of the National Academy of Engineering, American Academy of Arts and Science, and the National Academy of Science, a Fellow of the ACM, and Editor of the Morgan Kaufmann series on Data Management.  In 1998 he received the ACM Turing Award.In that year also he received the IEEE Charles Babbage Award for high-performance database systems. He frequently lectures at universities, and often reviews application designs.  He has been a McKay Fellow at UC Berkeley.

Education
1961-1966: UC Berkeley, Departments of Mathematics and Engineering. BS Degree in Mathematics and Engineering.  
1966: Courant Institute at New York University.  
1967-1969: UC Berkeley, Department of Computer Science.  PhD Degree in Computer Science.   
 
Employment History
1962, 1963  Co-op Student, General Dynamics Astronautics, San Diego, CA.
1964  Reader, Mathematics Department, U.C. Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
1965-1966 Research Assistant, Electronics Research Laboratory, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
1966-1967 Member of Technical Staff, Bell Telephone Laboratory, Whippany, NJ.
1967-1969  Research Assistant, Dept. of Computer Science, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
1969-1971 IBM Post Doctoral Fellow, Dept. of Computer Science, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
1971-1972 Research Staff Member, General Science Department, IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY.
1972  UNESCO Expert, Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest, Romania
1972-1980 Research Staff Member, Computer Science Department, IBM Research, San Jose, CA.
1980-1990 Software Designer, Software Development Department, Tandem Computers, Cupertino, CA.
1988 (spring): Stanford University Department of Computer Science
1990 - 1994 Corporate Consulting Engineer: Digital Equipment Corporation
1994 -1995  McKay Fellow at University of California Computer Science Department
1995-     Senior Researcher, Microsoft Research, San Francisco, CA,
                promoted to Distinguished Engineer in 2000.

Professional Honors
Phi Beta Kappa
Sigma Chi
Honorary Doctorate of Natural Science, University of Stuttgart, 1990,
IBM Outstanding Innovation Award
Tandem Outstanding Performer Award          
Association for Computing Machinery
                1982: Best Systems Paper -- for paper on System R recovery manger.
                1989: Best Systems Award – for work on Relational DBs  Shared award with 8 others.
                1993 SIGMOD Data Management Software Systems Award
                1994 Elected ACM Fellow
                1994 SIGMOD best paper award
                1998 VLDB best paper award 10 years later (with Dina Bitton)
                1998 Turing Award
National Academy of Engineering: 1997 Elected to membership.
IEEE      1998 Charles Babbage Award - for High Performance Database Systems
US Geological Survey:  2000  John Wesley Powell Award (with Tom Barclay for TerraServer)
National Academy of Science: Elected to membership
American Academy of Arts And Sciences: 2001 Elected to membership
European Academy of Science: 2003 Elected to membership
University of Paris Dauphine: 2004 Honorary Doctorate
Distinguished Lecturer at:
CMU, Ga. Tech., MIT, Simon Frazer U., U Alberta, U Virginia, U Washington, U. Illinois, U. Minnesota,  U. Minnesota, U. Stuttgart, U. Wisconsin at Madison, UC Bakersfield, Berkeley, Irvine, Los Angles, Rice, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, San Diego, U. Texas, U Maryland
Keynote Speaker:
                ? Italian ACM Conference 1980
                ? VLDB 1981, 1985, 1991, 1998
                ? German ACM Conference 1982
                ? Australian ACM Conference 1983,
                ? Principles of Distributed Computing 1985
                ? SIGMETRICS 1987
                ? Workshop on Database Machines 1989
                ? International Conference on Distributed Computer Systems, 1990
                ? DBexpo 92, 93, 94, 95, 96
                ? RdbExpo, DECUS 92, 93, 94
                ? FCRC 99
                ? SIGMOD 97, 99, 04
                ? NetStore 99, HPTS99,..
                ?  many more
 
Taught many short-courses at various institutes
 
Professional Affiliations
Member of National Academy of Engineering
Member of National Academy of Science
Member of American Academy of Arts and Science
Member of European Academy of Science
Regent of National Library of Medicine
Fellow of Association of Computing Machinery
Former Trustee of VLDB Endowment
Former Member of National Research Council, study group on
Directions of Computer Science,
Library of Congress IT plan
Sustainability Research
               Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (1990-1999)
Former Member of Presidential Advisory Committee on Next Generation Internet, High Performance Computing, and Information Technology
 
Association of Computing Machines
                ? Special Interest Group on Operating Systems
                ? Special Interest Group on Management of Data
                ? Special Interest Group on Programming Languages
                ? Past Chairman of ACM Distinguished Doctoral Dissertation Award Committee
                ? SIGMOD program committee (9 years)
                ? SIGOPS program committee (3 years)
                ? PODS program committee (2 years)
                ? VLDB program committee (7 years)
                ? OSDI program committee (2 years)
                ? Turing Award committee (4 years, now chairman).
 
IEEE
                ? Western Area Program Committee
                ? CompCon Program Committee (ten years)
? John von Neumann Award
VLDB Foundation
                ? VLDB program committee (six years)
                ? Former Editor in Chief of Very Large Database Journal (1990-1998)
? Former Trustee of the VLDB foundation (1990-2000)
? Organizer of CIDR and HPTS workshops
Industrial Affiliate
                ? UC Berkeley
                ? Stanford
                ? U. Wisconsin
Federation of American Scientists
Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility
Editor of Morgan Kaufmann Series in Data Management Systems
                   
二、一些對照時間點

Before we can look at the future, we have to go back to August 1969（這一年也是Gray博士畢業的同一年） to discover the origins of the relational model. This was when Dr. E. F. Codd published his paper, "Derivability, Redundancy, and Consistency of Relations Stored in Large Data Banks" in an IBM Research Report. - From In the Beginning: An RDBMS history - by Colin White,Teradata Magazine,September 2004

三、與Gray合作過的人物

Joseph S. Barrera III: Since early 2004 I have been a Senior Software Architect at Collation, working on Confignia, an automated enterprise software discovery tool; my responsibilities are mainly for the discovery of Windows software. In late 2005, Collation was acquired by IBM, but my responsibilities have remained the same, albeit as part of the TADDM product.

Wilbur H. Highleyman - 高可用系統領域名人，《Performance Analysis of Transaction Processing Systems》(Prentice Hall,1989)一書作者.The founder of The Sombers Group, Dr. Bill Highleyman, acted as the performance auditor on two of Tandem's performance prediction products - Tandem Capacity Model (TCM) and Guardian Performance Analyzer (GPA). Bill has been an ITUG member since 1980, becoming president of the Northeast Region Tandem User Group (NRTUG) in 1981. In 1984, he joined the ITUG Board of Directors, where he served as the ITUG chair in 1986. He has contributed heavily to the ITUG technical journal, "The Connection," and currently serves on the HP enterprise advocacy committee.Gray在Tandem工作過
.


四、訪談

A Conversation with Jim Gray - A computing great takes time to discuss transaction theory, databases, and more in this 2001 interview - by Philippe Lourier,Dr.Dobb's Journal,2001
訪談內容：Introduction、 The Computer Industry: the early days、 Records,Fields,and FORTRAN、Out of Bell Labs、Developing Relational Databases、Transaction Theory、Algorithms and the Web、SQL、Stored Procedures、Performance,Time and Space、Conclusion - 這篇訪談側重交易理論及其歷史，而在Charles Babbage Institute關於Gray的口述歷史中，對交易談得不多

A Talk With Database Guru Jim Gray: Find out about the future of SQL Server 2000 and extreme scaling from Microsoft's resident expert in large databases, February 1, 2002

An Interview with Jim Gray - by David A. Patterson,ACMQueue,June 2003
兩人探討了三個方面的問題：一存貯的當前狀態；二在存貯層之上的資料庫和關係模型；三是開源資料庫現狀及未來展望。在存貯層面，他們談到了大容量磁碟與磁帶的關係，Gray認為大容量磁碟可以取代磁帶做備份，Gray還談到了T級資料庫藉助大容量磁碟進行快遞的問題。在談到關係模型時，Gray特別提到Codd對穿孔卡應用的深刻理解和洞見，在比較IMS老一代資料庫與關聯式資料庫優劣時，Gray從易用性(usability)上進行了闡述，Gray還談到OLTP與批處理，他說批處理並沒有死，仍然在繼續演化。對於開源資料庫如Postgress、MySql，Gray在一定程度上是看好它們的，但也指出了它們在開發質量、專業支援和產品特色上同DB巨頭的差距，Oracle不會受到大的影響，Sybase不清楚。

Deconstructing databases with Jim Gray - by Mark Whitehorn,Register Developer,May 2006
Mark是一位受人尊重的技術評論員，他從87年開始發表各種文章，他出版了多部書籍，他在Personal Computer World雜誌上的資料庫專欄是時間跨度最長的資料庫專欄之一，他在教育、研究和實踐領域都有建樹。在對Gray的這篇專訪中，他們談到了平行計算，就圖形計算領域使用的GPU並行技術的現狀、用在企業資料處理領域的可能性做了探討，GPU領域早就有CPU多核的概念，而且它們可能有幾百個核，這個領域值得關注，GPU並行程式設計的複雜性，以及所需要的思維方式的轉變限制了它在其它領域發揮更大的作用。Mark多次談到Gray令人敬佩的品格，引用幾句原文 - One of the great exceptions to this rule is Jim Gray, who has managed to combine an outstanding academic career  with a very practical one.....If all that wasn't enough, Jim Gray is further renowned for being a humanist. One of the most decent, honest, upright, pleasant people you could hope to meet....Even hardened cynical computer journalists treat this guy with serious respect.在談到交易完整性方面時，對於補償(compensation)和逆向(reverse)交易，Gray認為它們不能解決所有問題，對它們要進行界定，有些不屬於計算機領域考慮的問題，需要人工介入。在談到實時分析時，Gray認為多維資料庫中的Fact Table實質上就是原始表的Index，關於SQL，他以SQL Server為例說其中容納了太多東西，一些人並不清楚多維資料是什麼、資料探勘模型如何工作，但這不影響那些人成為專家。

An interview with Jim Gray - by Philip L. Frana,Charles Babbage Institute,January 3,2002
這是一篇口述歷史，對Gray為何選擇加州伯克利大學，在大學、博士期間的學習情況，如何知道並進入計算機行業，如何對高效能、高可靠計算感興趣有深度挖掘

五、Courses of Jim Gray Teaching




六、Clues of Articles Related Jim Gray（文章線索）


Vera Watson，Gray 與 Vera Watson 於75年發表的一篇文章似乎是他轉向實踐的作業系統研究的第一篇文章，在前期與導師 Michael Harrison 合作發表的文章集中在語法及邏輯關係方面

The 1995 SQL Reunion: People, Projects, and Politics edited by Paul McJones - 這篇關於SQL 20年回憶錄中有些涉及1968——1974年間工作

In the Beginning: An RDBMS history - by Colin White,Teradata Magazine,September 2004 - [注]：前面一篇SQL 25年回憶錄是一篇好的回憶文章，這也是一篇不錯的回憶文章

The Rise of Relational Databases - Chapter 6 in "Funding a Revolution" - [注]：該文件存放在Read_index中
His insights, humor, encouragement and good will are things I will never forget - From Thoughts on Jim Gray, Database Pioneer - by Dave Stodder,February 20, 2007

List of Nobel laureates associated with UC Berkeley, Turing Award laureates

Microsoft Researcher Jim Gray Receives Turing Award for Helping to Transform Databases into Dynamic Tools Used by Millions - SAN FRANCISCO, May 14, 1999 - [注]：這是介紹Gray成就及經歷的一篇相當好的文章，寫作者的姓名沒有署上，他應該對Gray作了深度訪談，Gray對自己六、七十年代早年的事項也做了不少交代，比如在大學階段如何迷上計算機，職業工作初期如何確定資料庫技術作為研究方向，等等。

Don Burleson - 把Don放這兒，因為他也在實踐著支援上千併發使用者的系統。- Don is also a noted expert on Oracle web technology systems, and he has been instrumental in the development of numerous Web-based systems that support thousands of concurrent users.

The late 1980s and early 1990s saw big changes on the software side for Sequent. DYNIX was replaced by DYNIX/ptx, which was based on a merger of AT&T's version of UNIX and BSD 4.2. And this was during a period when Sequent's high-end systems became particularly successful due to a close working relationship with Oracle, specifically their high-end database servers. In 1993 they added the Symmetry 2000/x90 along with their ptx/Cluster software, which added various high availability features and introduced custom support for Oracle Parallel Server. - [注]：80年代晚期到90年代早期，Sequent公司與Oracle公司有過緊密的合作，合作的影響體現在Sequent高可用作業系統的出現，以及在Client/Server環境中擔剛Database Server的能力。Gray在回憶文章中曾說Tandem 80年代與Oracle在聯機交易處理效能領域有過激烈的競爭，最後是Oracle取勝，不知Sequent在其中起到什麼作用

在Tandem Technical Reports中，可以以技術報告發布時間為線索瞭解Gray在Tandem的工作情況，比如"A Measure of Transaction Processing Power"在Tandem報告中登記為85年發表，這是多人合作的一份報告，Gray是其中的成員

在Bill Highleyman,Paul Holenstein和Bruce Holenstein的《Breaking the Availability Barrier：Survivable Systems for Enterprise Computing 》(2003)前言致謝一節中，作者感謝Gray寫的許多優秀的技術文章點燃了本書寫作熱情(Jim Gray whose many writings fueled the fire)

Jim Gray紀念文章整理

Jim Gray寫過序言的書籍

Transactional Information Systems: Theory, Algorithms, and the Practice of Concurrency Control(Morgan Kaufmann,Gerhard Weikum,Gottfried Vossen,2001)

Databases and Transaction Processing(Addison Wesley,Arthur Bernstein,Philip Lewis,Michael Kifer,2001)

Inside Microsoft SQL Server 2000(Microsoft Press,Kalen Delaney,Ron Soukup,2001)

Database: Principles, Programming, and Performance, Second Edition(Morgan Kaufmann,Patrick O'Neil, Elizabeth O'Neil,2000)

Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques(Morgan Kaufmann,Jiawei Han,Micheline Kamber,2000)

Scaling for E-Business: Technologies, Models, Performance, and Capacity Planning(Prentice Hall,Daniel Menasce,2000)

評論員

Mark Whitehorn - Deconstructing databases with Jim Gray(Register Developer,May 2006)一文的作者。Mark現供職於PenguinSoft Consulting Ltd，他從1987年開始在計算機世界上發表各種技術評論文章

Jim Gray Recommended Articles - From Jim Gray's Website at Microsoft

SQL Server大型伺服器：伸縮性、可用性與易管理性. July 2004 - 由Jim Gray和Microsoft SQL Server開發團隊合作的一個專案

七、以 Jim Gray 命名的教授職位和研究中心

伯克利加大電氣與電腦科學學院設立了電腦科學Jim Gray講席教授，首任講席教授是 Joseph M. Hellerstein

威斯康辛麥迪遜大學電腦科學系和微軟於08年共同發起設立了微軟Jim Gray系統實驗室（The Microsoft Jim Gray System Labs），首任負責人是 David DeWitt 教授