RHCE7認證學習筆記38——Apache配置與管理

一、Httpd.conf配置檔案主要引數

ServerRoot：

Listen：新增除80之外的監聽埠，如808,需要加入selinux的上下文，
[root@linuxidc ~]# semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 808

Include：載入的模組

[root@linuxidc ~]# httpd -M 檢視載入的模組

    ServerName：設定站點名，標記不同的站點；
       
    DocumentRoot：站點主目錄

    Directory：目錄

 <Directory "/var/www/html/iso">
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks ----Index指index.html不存在，則列出訪問資源，FollowSymLinks是否允許軟連結訪問；
    AllowOverride None ：是否允許.htaccess檔案的內容覆蓋httpd.conf
    Allow open access:
    Require all granted
    或者Require all denied
        Require ip 192.168.1.10
        Require local
</Directory>

 
[root@linuxidc test]# htpasswd -mc .htpasswd tom

  .htaccess
  1 AuthName "test"
  2 AuthType Basic
  3 AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/conf/.htpasswd
  4 require user

 <IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html
 </IfModule>

   
    設定訪問別名：
Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path

動態網頁：

CGI: 公共閘道器介面

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

WSGI:web server gateway interface

SSI：server side include 預設的字尾名需為：shtml shtm

地址重寫，頁面跳轉：

URL:域名+URI
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^/test$ /test/ [R]

二、配置虛擬主機

    1、基於主機名

  <VirtualHost *:80>
      #ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
      DocumentRoot /var/www/html/linuxidc
      ServerName
      ServerAlias www1.linuxidc.com
    # ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
    # CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common
  </VirtualHost>

    2、基於IP地址
12345678  <VirtualHost IP地址:80>
      #ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
      DocumentRoot /var/www/html/linuxidc
      ServerName
      ServerAlias www1.linuxidc.com
    # ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
    # CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common
  </VirtualHost>

3、基於埠

三、配置HTTPS

Https -- http + ssl(or tls)

伺服器端進入/etc/pki/tls/certs目錄，生成測試用的證書和私鑰：
[root@linuxidc certs]# make test.crt

    安裝ssl模組：

yum install mod_ssl.x86_64 -y

    編輯虛擬主機配置檔案   

 43 <VirtualHost *:443>
 44    #ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
 45    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/sg
 46    ServerName
 47    ServerAlias www1.sg.com
 48    SSLEngine on
 49    SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/conf/sg.crt
 50    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/conf/sg.key
 51    # ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
 52    # CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common
 53 </VirtualHost>

 32 <VirtualHost *:80>
 33    #ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
 34    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/sg
 35    ServerName
 36    ServerAlias www1.sg.com
 37    RewriteEngine on
 38    RewriteRule ^/(.*)  https:///$1 [L,R]
 39    # ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
 40    # CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common
 41 </VirtualHost>