好久沒有研究Oracle了，最近覺得有必要研究下Oracle 12c的新特性，下面主要是記錄我在學習Oracle 12c新特性之pdb的相關內容。
1.Oracle Pluggable Database
1.1 根據seed建立pdb
SQL> select pdb_id,pdb_name,con_id from dba_pdbs;

PDB_ID PDB_NAME CON_ID
---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 PDB$SEED 2

三種建立場景：
SQL> create pluggable database pdb01 admin user pdbadmin01 identified by oracle
default tablespace pdb_tbs
datafile '/u01/oracle/oradata/ASIAINFO/datafile/pdb_tbs01.dbf' size 100M;

SQL> create pluggable database pdb02 admin user pdbadmin02 identified by oracle
default tablespace pdb_tbs2 roles=(dba);

SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb03 ADMIN USER pdbadmin03 IDENTIFIED BY oracle
STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G MAX_SHARED_TEMP_SIZE 100M)
DEFAULT TABLESPACE pdb_tbs3
DATAFILE '/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb03/pdb03.dbf' SIZE 250M AUTOEXTEND ON
PATH_PREFIX = '/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb03/'
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/u01/oracle/oradata/ASIAINFO/datafile/', '/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb03/');
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb03 ADMIN USER pdbadmin03 IDENTIFIED BY oracle
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01276: Cannot add file /u01/oracle/oradata/pdb03/o1_mf_system_cqsjkz37_.dbf. File has an Oracle Managed Files file name.

解決方法：
SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb03 ADMIN USER pdbadmin03 IDENTIFIED BY oracle
STORAGE (MAXSIZE 2G MAX_SHARED_TEMP_SIZE 100M)
DEFAULT TABLESPACE pdb_tbs3
DATAFILE '/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb03/pdb03.dbf' SIZE 250M AUTOEXTEND ON
PATH_PREFIX = '/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb03/'
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/u01/oracle/oradata/ASIAINFO/datafile/o1_mf_system_cqsjkz37_.dbf', '/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb03/system01.dbf',
'/u01/oracle/oradata/ASIAINFO/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_cqsjkz1r_.dbf', '/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb03/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/oracle/oradata/ASIAINFO/datafile/pdbseed_temp012016-07-06_04-33-42-PM.dbf','/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb03/pdbseed_temp01.dbf');

Pluggable database created.

SQL> select pdb_id,pdb_name,con_id,status from dba_pdbs;

PDB_ID PDB_NAME CON_ID STATUS
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---------
3 PDB01 3 NEW
2 PDB$SEED 2 NORMAL


1.2 克隆一個pdb
SQL> create pluggable database pdb02 from pdb01;
create pluggable database pdb02 from pdb01
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65036: pluggable database PDB01 not open in required mode

解決方法：
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb01 open;
Warning: PDB altered with errors.

SQL> show pdbs;

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ WRITE NO
3 PDB01 READ WRITE YES

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> alter session set container=PDB01;
Session altered.

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB01
SQL> create pluggable database pdb02 from pdb01;
create pluggable database pdb02 from pdb01
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65040: operation not allowed from within a pluggable database

解決方法：
SQL> alter session set container=cdb$root;
Session altered.

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

SQL> create pluggable database pdb02 from pdb01;
Pluggable database created.

SQL> show pdbs;

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ WRITE NO
3 PDB01 READ WRITE YES
4 PDB02 MOUNTED

1.3 刪除pdb
SQL> drop pluggable database PDB02 keep datafiles;
drop pluggable database PDB02 keep datafiles
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65179: cannot keep datafiles for a pluggable database that is not unplugged

解決方法：
SQL> alter pluggable database PDB02 unplug into '/u01/oracle/pdb01.xml';
Pluggable database altered.

SQL> show pdbs;

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ WRITE NO
3 PDB01 READ WRITE YES
4 PDB02 MOUNTED

SQL> drop pluggable database PDB02 keep datafiles;
Pluggable database dropped.

SQL> show pdbs;

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ WRITE NO
3 PDB01 READ WRITE YES

1.4 啟停pdb
SQL> show pdbs;

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ WRITE NO
3 PDB01 READ WRITE YES
4 PDB02 READ WRITE YES
5 PDB03 MOUNTED

SQL> alter pluggable database PDB03 open ;
Warning: PDB altered with errors.

解決方法：
SQL> select name,cause ,type,message,status from pdb_plug_in_violations;

NAME CAUSE TYPE MESSAGE STATUS
----- ------------- --------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- -------
PDB03 Sync Failure ERROR Sync PDB failed with ORA-959 during 'CREATE USER c##scott PENDING
IDENTIFIED BY * DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
QUOTA 20M ON users
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp container = all'

SQL> alter session set container=pdb03;
Session altered.

SQL> create tablespace users datafile '/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb03/user01.dbf' size 10M;
Tablespace created.

SQL> alter pluggable database pdb03 close;
Pluggable database altered.

SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
5 PDB03 MOUNTED

SQL> alter pluggable database pdb03 open;
Pluggable database altered.

SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
5 PDB03 READ WRITE NO

1.5 連線pdb
[orauser@CIT-BATTON-BJTMP01 datafile]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.1.0 - Production on 13-JUL-2016 17:09:55

Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.1.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 12-JUL-2016 16:03:13
Uptime 1 days 1 hr. 6 min. 43 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/CIT-BATTON-BJTMP01/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=CIT-BATTON-BJTMP01)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "asiainfo" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "asiainfo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "asiainfoXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "asiainfo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "pdb01" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "asiainfo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "pdb02" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "asiainfo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "pdb03" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "asiainfo", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

[orauser@CIT-BATTON-BJTMP01 datafile]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@`hostname`:1521/pdb03 as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 13 17:14:55 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
5 PDB03 READ WRITE NO

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB03

SQL> alter session set container=cdb$root;
Session altered.

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ WRITE NO
3 PDB01 READ WRITE YES
4 PDB02 READ WRITE YES
5 PDB03 READ WRITE NO


1.5 unplug and plug pdb
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb03 unplug into '/u01/oracle/pdb03.xml';
alter pluggable database pdb03 unplug into '/u01/oracle/pdb03.xml'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65025: Pluggable database PDB03 is not closed on all instances.

解決方法：
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb03 close;
Pluggable database altered.

SQL> show pdbs;

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ WRITE NO
3 PDB01 READ WRITE YES
4 PDB02 READ WRITE YES
5 PDB03 MOUNTED

SQL> alter pluggable database pdb03 unplug into '/u01/oracle/pdb03.xml';
Pluggable database altered.

SQL> select pdb_name,CON_ID,STATUS from dba_pdbs;

PDB_NAME CON_ID STATUS
-------------------- ---------- ---------
PDB01 3 NORMAL
PDB$SEED 2 NORMAL
PDB02 4 NORMAL
PDB03 5 UNPLUGGED

SQL> drop pluggable database PDB03 keep datafiles;
Pluggable database dropped.

SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ WRITE NO
3 PDB01 READ WRITE YES
4 PDB02 READ WRITE YES

SQL> create pluggable database pdb04 using '/u01/oracle/pdb03.xml' move;
create pluggable database pdb04 using '/u01/oracle/pdb03.xml' move
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65018: FILE_NAME_CONVERT or NOCOPY must be specified

SQL> create pluggable database pdb04 using '/u01/oracle/pdb03.xml' copy;
create pluggable database pdb04 using '/u01/oracle/pdb03.xml' copy
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65018: FILE_NAME_CONVERT or NOCOPY must be specified

解決方法：
SQL> create pluggable database pdb04 using '/u01/oracle/pdb03.xml' copy
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb03/system01.dbf', '/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb04/system01.dbf',
'/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb03/sysaux01.dbf', '/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb04/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb03/pdbseed_temp01.dbf','/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb04/temp01.dbf',
'/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb03/pdb03.dbf', '/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb04/pdb03.dbf',
'/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb03/user01.dbf', '/u01/oracle/oradata/pdb04/user01.dbf');

Pluggable database created.

SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ WRITE NO
3 PDB01 READ WRITE YES
4 PDB02 READ WRITE YES
5 PDB04 MOUNTED

至此，pdb的一些常用操作演示到此。

小丸子學Oracle 12c系列之——Oracle Pluggable Database

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