Oracle 10g備份與恢復高階使用者指南--第五章 RMAN環境配置

第五章        RMAN環境配置

1.    配置Flash Recovery Area（快速恢復區）

Flash Recovery Area（快速恢復區）：主要存放

            Online redo log（資料夾：onlinelog）

          控制檔案

            歸檔日誌檔案（資料夾：archivelog）

         RMAN檔案（資料夾：backupset）

A．        以下命令都會在Flash Recovery Area產生Online redo log：

l  CREATE DATABASE

l  ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE

l  ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE

l  ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS

初始化引數決定的位置：

l  DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n #online redo log 位置

l  DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST        #快速恢復區檔案位置

l  DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST           # OMF檔案位置

 

B．        控制檔案

初始化引數決定的位置：

l  CONTROL_FILES

l  DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n

l  DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

l  DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST

C．        歸檔日誌

如果希望使用Flash Recovery Area,則不能使用初始化引數（LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST，LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST）

D．       REDO LOG檔案的位置規則

l  如果設定了LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST（或LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST），則儲存歸檔日誌到指定位置；

l  如果DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST被指定，而LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n沒有指定，LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10是預設的快速恢復區位置

l  如果設定引數LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n，則會歸檔到該指定位置，而不會歸檔到閃回區的預設位置；當然，你也可以將閃回區指定為該引數的歸檔位置LOCATION = USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_ DEST

l  如果LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST, LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n, or DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST都沒有指定，則有OS系統預設位置（各系統不同），如，?/dbs，?/dbs/arch

E．        歸檔日誌檔名格式：LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT

2.    配置media 管理器備份

media 管理器是第三方軟體，通常用於管理磁帶等備份裝置；

A.   RMAN使用media管理器的先決條件：支援oracle RMAN並能與其通訊

B.    定位media管理器libray：SBT_LIBRARY引數

SBT_LIBRARY提供媒體管理器軟體的庫位置:

unix: $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libobk.so

windows: %ORACLE_HOME%\bin\orasbt.dll

如果不能定位，則會報錯ORA-27211

Whenever channel allocation fails, the database writes a trace file to the USER_DUMP_DEST directory. The following shows sample output:

SKGFQ OSD: Error in function sbtinit on line 2278

SKGFQ OSD: Look for SBT Trace messages in file /oracle/rdbms/log/sbtio.log

SBT Initialize failed for /oracle/lib/libobk.so

 

C.   測試媒體管理器library整合正確

l  為RMAN備份配置媒體管理軟體

BACKUP命令中分配channel的FORMAT

ALLOCATE CHANNEL、CONFIGURE CHANNEL

環境變數：PARMS='ENV=(NSR_DATA_VOLUME_POOL=oracle_tapes)'

備份片名稱：由format指定，預設為%U

%U：是%u_%p_%c的簡寫形式，利用它可以為每一個備份片段（即磁碟檔案）生成一個唯一名稱，這是最常用的命名方式；

備份片大小：MAXPIECESIZE

 

l  測試allocate channel

例如：

RUN

{ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE sbt

PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so

         ENV=(NSR_SERVER=tape_srv,NSR_GROUP=oracle_tapes)';

     }

如果不成功，則報錯ORA-27211,例如：

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03009: failure of allocate command on c1 channel at 11/30/2001 13:57:18

ORA-19554: error allocating device, device type: SBT_TAPE, device name:

ORA-27211: Failed to load Media Management Library

Additional information: 25

 

或者：

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE sbt PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so ENV=(NSR_SERVER=tape_svr,NSR_CLIENT=oracleclnt,NSR_GROUP=ora_tapes)'   FORMAT "BACKUP_%U";

RMAN> BACKUP DEVICE TYPE sbt CURRENT CONTROLFILE;

 

l  測試備份到媒體管理器

RUN

{

  ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE sbt

    PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so ENV=(NSR_SERVER=tape_srv,NSR_GROUP=oracle_tapes)';

  BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE;

}

 

D.   配置SBT通道

      c

 

3.    配置通道

預設情況下，RMAN會自動配置磁碟通道用於備份與恢復；你也可以手動配置通道來提升效能；

l  配置channel並行

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 3;

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO sbt; # default backup device is tape

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE sbt PARALLELISM 2; # configure two tape channels

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE; # backup goes to two tapes, in two parallel streams

l  配置channel裝置型別

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT = '?/bkup_%U';

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE sbt

  PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so ENV=(NSR_SERVER=tape_svr,NSR_CLIENT=oracleclnt,NSR_GROUP=ora_tapes)';

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE 2G;

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT = /tmp/%U;

l  show

RMAN> SHOW CHANNEL; 

SHOW DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE;  # shows the CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE setting

SHOW DEVICE TYPE;   # shows the CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE ... PARALLELISM settings

l  手動配置channel

RMAN> RUN

{

  ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE DISK;

  BACKUP TABLESPACE users;

}

l  為裝置配置特定channel

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO sbt;    # backup goes to sbt

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE sbt PARALLELISM 2; # two sbt channels will be allocated by default

# Assume media manager takes NSR_DATA_VOLUME_POOL to

# specify a pool

# Configure channel 1 to pool named first_pool

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE sbt

  PARMS 'SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so ENV=(NSR_DATA_VOLUME_POOL=first_pool)';

# configure channel 2 to pool named second_pool

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE sbt

  PARMS 'SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so ENV=(NSR_DATA_VOLUME_POOL=second_pool)';

BACKUP DATABASE; # first stream goes to 'first_pool' and second to 'second_pool'

l  混合channel

# disk channel configuration

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 4;

CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT = '/tmp/backup_%U';

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE = 20M;

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 4 DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE = 40M;

 

# sbt channel configuration

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE sbt PARALLELISM 3;

CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE sbt

      PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=oracle.disksbt, ENV=(BACKUP_DIR=?/oradata)';

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 3 DEVICE TYPE sbt

      PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=oracle.disksbt, ENV=(BACKUP_DIR=/tmp)';

l  恢復channel預設值

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE ... CLEAR

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE CLEAR

CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE ... CLEAR

CONFIGURE CHANNEL n DEVICE TYPE ... CLEAR (where n is an integer)

 

4.    配置備份集和備份片的最大尺寸

CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO 7500K;

BACKUP TABLESPACE tools MAXSETSIZE 5G;

 

5.    配置備份最佳化

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF;

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION CLEAR;

 

6.    配置多備份

# Makes 2 disk copies of each datafile and control file backup set

# (autobackups excluded)

CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 2;

# Makes 3 copies of every archived redo log backup to tape

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE sbt TO 3;

BACKUP DATABASE FORMAT '/tmp/%U', '?/dbs/%U', '?/oradata/%U';

 

SHOW DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES;    # shows CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES setting

 

7.    配置排除表空間的資料庫備份

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE sbt TO 3;

ONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE cwmlite;

CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE example;

BACKUP DATABASE NOEXCLUDE;

BACKUP TABLESPACE cwmlite, example;  # backs up only cwmlite and example

 

CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE cwmlite CLEAR;

CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE example CLEAR;

 

8.    配置輔助資料庫的資料檔名

CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR datafileSpec TO 'filename';

CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 2 TO '/newdisk/datafiles/df2.df;'

CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 2 CLEAR;

RMAN> SHOW AUXNAME;

 

9.    設定快照控制檔案位置

當RMAN需要從一個讀一致版本的控制檔案重新同步，才會建立控制檔案快照；RMAN只有以下2種情況下才會需要控制檔案快照：從恢復目錄重新同步、用當前控制檔案備份；

預設快照名：$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/snapcf_@.f

SHOW SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME;   # shows CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE setting

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/dev/vgd_1_0/rlvt5';

 

 

10. RMAN共享伺服器設定

tnsname.ora:

inst1_shs =

  (DESCRIPTION=

    (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=inst1_host)(port1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=inst1)(SERVER=shared))

  )

 

 

RMAN命令列表

 

deviceSpecifier