AIX、HP-UX、Linux、Solaris 常用命令及配置檔案對照表

Directory Mappings 

AIX

FreeBSD

HP-UX

LINUX(RedHat)

SOLARIS

Tru64

Root filesystem

/{/dev/hd4}

/{/dev/ad0s1a}

/{/dev/vg00/lvol1}

/{/dev/sda1}

/{/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol}

/{/dev/rz0a}

Home Directory

/home{/dev/hd1}

/home{/dev/vg00/lvol4}

/export/home 
       /dev/vx/dsk/home}

/tmp{/dev/hd3}

/tmp{/dev/vg00/lvol6}

/tmp  
    /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol}

/usr{/dev/hd2}

/usr{/dev/ad0s1f}

/usr{/dev/vg00/lvol7}

/usr 

/usr{/dev/rz0g}

/var{/dev/hd9var}

/var{/dev/ad0s1e}

/var{/dev/vg00/lvol8}

/var

Sample configuration files

-

/usr/newconfig

User Accounts

AIX

FreeBSD

HP-UX

LINUX(RedHat)

Solaris

Tru64

Password files

/etc/passwd 
/etc/security/passwd

/etc/passwd 
/etc/master.passwd

/etc/passwd 
/tcb/files/auth/r/root

/etc/passwd 
/etc/shadow

/etc/passwd  
/etc/shadow

/etc/passwd 

Groups file

/etc/group 
/etc/security/group

/etc/group

/etc/group 
/etc/logingroup

/etc/group

/etc/group

/etc/group

Maximum # of user ID

4294967295

65535

2147483647

65535

2147483647

65535

Allow/Deny remote login

/etc/security/user 
{rlogin=true}

/etc/ttys  
{secure}

/etc/securetty 
{console}

/etc/securetty 
{ttyp1}

/etc/default/login 
{CONSOLE=/dev/console}

/etc/securettys 
{ttyp1}

User nobody's id #

4294967294

65534

-2

99

60001 & 65534(nobody4)

65534

Group nobody's id #

4294967294

65534

-2(nogroup)

99

60002 & 65534(nogroup)

65534

Recover root password

boot from CD/Tape 
Installation/Maintenance
Start Limited Shell 
getrootfs hdisk0 
vi /etc/security/passwd

ok boot -s 
passwd root

>boot
Interact with IPL ? Y
ISL>hpux -iS 
passwd root

{lilo}
control-x
linux S
passwd root

{grub}
c
kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single   ro root=/dev/hda8
initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img
boot
passwd root

boot cdrom -s 
mkdir /tmp/a 
mount /dev/c0t0d0s0 /tmp/a 
vi /tmp/a/etc/shadow

press the HALT Button or (Control-P) 
>>>boot -fl s 
lsmbstartup 
/sbin/bcheckrc 
passwd root

Create new user

mkuser

adduser

useradd

useradd

useradd

useradd

Delete user

rmuser

rmuser

userdel

userdel

userdel

userdel

List users

lsuser -f ALL

logins

logins

Modify user account

chuser -a

usermod

usermod

usermod

usermod

General Commands

AIX

FreeBSD

HP-UX

LINUX(RedHat)

Solaris

Tru64

Unique host ID

hostid

uname -i

hostid

hostid

hostid

Administrator

smit

sam

linuxconf

admintool

sysman

Performance monitor

top 
monitor

top

top 
glance

top

top

top

System activity reporter

sar

sa

sar

sar{sysstat}

sar

/usr/opt/svr4/bin/sar

Virtual Memory statistics

vmstat

vmstat

vmstat

vmstat

vmstat

vmstat

I/O statistics

iostat

iostat

iostat

iostat{sysstat}

iostat

iostat

Error logs

alog -o -t boot 
errpt

dmesg

dmesg

dmesg 

dmesg

uerf -R -o full

Physical RAM

1TB

4TB

64 GB{>2.3.24}

16TB

4TB

Shared Memory

2.75GB

8TB

sysctl kernel.shmmax

Process Data Space

2GB

4GB

900 MB

Swap device

/dev/hd6

/dev/ad0s1b

/dev/vg00/lvol2

/dev/sda2

/dev/vx/dsk/swapvol

/dev/rz0b

Swap file type

/etc/swapspaces

swap

swap

partition type 82 

swap

raw

Display swap size

lsps -a

swapinfo

swapinfo -a

free

swap -l

swapon -s

Activate Swap

swapon -a

swapon -a

swapon -a

swapon -a

swap -a

swapon -a

Printers

AIX

FreeBSD

HP-UX

LINUX

Solaris

Tru64

Printer Queues

/etc/qconfig

/var/spool/print

/etc/lp/interface/*

/var/spool/lpd/lp/*

/etc/lp/interfaces/*

/usr/spool/lpd

Stop LP 

stopsrc -s lpd

lpshut

/etc/init.d/lpd stop

/usr/lib/lp/lpshut

/sbin/init.d/lpd stop

Start LP

startsrc -s lpd

lpd

lpsched

/etc/init.d/lpd start

/usr/lib/lp/lpsched

/sbin/init.d/lpd start

Submit print jobs

enq 
lp 
lpr 
qprt

lp

lp

lpr

lp 
lpr

lp 
lpr

LP statistics

enq -A 
lpq 
lpstat 
qchk

lpq

lpstat

lpq

lpstat

lpstat

Remove print jobs

cancel 
lprm 
qcan 
enq -x

cancel 
lprm

cancel

lprm

cancel 
lprm

cancel 
lprm

Add printer queue

smit mkpq

lpadmin -p pq

printtool

lpadmin -p pq

lprsetup

Remove Printer queue

smit rmpq

lpadmin -x pq

lpadmin -x pq

lprsetup

Make default printer

export LPDEST="pq"

lpadmin -d pq

lpadmin -d pq

export PRINTER="lp"

TCP/IP

AIX

HP-UX

LINUX(RedHat)

Solaris

Tru64

Network IP configuration

lsattr -E -l inet0

/etc/rc.conf

/etc/rc.config.d/netconf

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ 

/etc/hostname.* 
/etc/inet/* 
/etc/defaultrouter

/etc/rc.config

Hosts IP addresses

/etc/hosts

/etc/hosts

/etc/hosts

/etc/hosts

/etc/inet/hosts

/etc/hosts

Name service switch

/etc/netsvc.conf

/etc/host.conf

/etc/nsswitch.conf

/etc/nsswitch.conf

/etc/nsswitch.conf

/etc/svc.conf

Network parameters

no -a

sysctl

ndd -h

sysctl -a | grep net

ndd /dev/[tcp|ip] ?

Routing daemon

gated

routed

gated

routed

in.routed

routed

NIC Configurations

ifconfig -a

ifconfig -a

lanscan -v

ifconfig -a

ifconfig -a

ifconfig -a

Secondary IP Address

ifconfig en0 alias IP 

ifconfig xl0 alias IP

ifconfig lan0:1 IP 

modprobe ip_alias 
ifconfig eth0:1 IP

ifconfig hme0:1 IP up

ifconfig ln0 alias

Login prompt

HERALD @ 
/etc/security/login.cfg 

telnetd -b /etc/issue 

/etc/issue

BANNER @ 
/etc/default/telnetd

/etc/issue

Increase the # of pseudo-terminals

odmget -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" PdAt | sed "s/0-64/0-512/" | 
odmchange -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" -o PdAt

chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -P
reboot

rebuild your kernel with these new values NPTY=#  
NSTRPY=#

reboot

insf -d ptys -n # 
insf -d ptym -n # 
insf -d pts -s # -e -v 
 

cd /dev 
./MAKEDEV -v pty

{/etc/system} 
set pt_cnt = #{SYSV} 
set npty = #{BSD}

{/etc/iu.ap} 
ptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompat

halt 
boot -r

cd /dev 
./MAKEDEV PTY_1

Maximum # of ptys

512

{MAXUSERS}

256

176{BSD} 
3000{SYSV}

8192

Remote Shell

remsh 
rsh

rsh

remsh

rsh

rsh

rsh

YP/NIS service binder

/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind 

/usr/sbin/ypbind

/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind 

/sbin/ypbind

/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind

/usr/sbin/ypbind

System Files

AIX

FreeBSD

HP-UX

LINUX(RedHat)

Solaris

Tru64

NFS exported

/etc/exports

/etc/exports

/etc/exports

/etc/exports

/etc/dfs/dfstab 
/etc/dfs/sharetab

/etc/exports

NFS Client mounted directories

/etc/xtab

/etc/xtab

/var/lib/nfs/xtab

/etc/rmtab

/var/adm/mountdtab

Max File System

128 GB

128 GB

2 TB 

1 TB
8000 TB{vxfs}

128 GB{<= 3.2G} 
512 GB{>= 4.0} 
16 TB{advfs}

Max File Size

64 GB

128 GB

2 GB{512B block size}  
8192 GB{8KB block size} 

1 TB
2 GB{=<2.5.1}

128 GB{<= 3.2G} 
512 GB{>= 4.0} 
16 TB{advfs}

Max # File Descriptors

64 K

60~ K

sysctl fs.file-max

64 K

64 K

DISK/LVM Commands

AIX

FreeBSD

HP-UX:Disk &Filesystem

LINUX(RedHat)

SOLARIS

Tru64

Filesystem table

/etc/filesystems

/etc/fstab

/etc/fstab

/etc/fstab

/etc/vfstab

/etc/fstab

Free disk blocks

df -k

df -k

bdf

df -k

df -k

df -k

Device listing

lsdev -C

/sbin/ioscan

cat /proc/devices

sysdef

Disk information

bootinfo -s hdisk# 

fdisk -v ad0

diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d#

cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model

format -d c#t#d# 
format>current 
format>inquiry

file /dev/rrz0c

Disk Label

lspv -l hdisk#

disklabel ad0

pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d#

fdisk -l

prtvtoc

disklabel -p rz0

LVM Concepts

Partition 

sub disk

logical extents

logical extents

sub disk

sub disk

Volume

Volume

logical volume

logical volume

Volume

Volume

Plex

Plex

Plex

Volume group

volume group

volume group

disk group

disk group

Journal Filesystem type

jfs

vxfs

ext3
reiserfs

vxfs

advfs

Default volume group

/dev/rootvg

/dev/vg00

/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg

/dev/vol/rootdg

Display volume group

lsvg -l rootvg

vgdisplay -v vg00

vgdisplay -v

vxprint -l -g rootdg

volprint -l -g rootdg

Modify physical volume

chpv

pvchange

pvchange

Prepare physical disk

mkdev -c disk -l hdisk#

pvcreate

pvcreate

vxdiskadd

voldiskadd

List physical volume

lspv

vinum ld

pvdisplay

pvdisplay

vxprint -dl

volprint -dl

Remove disk from volume group

reducevg

vgreduce

vgreduce

vxdg rmdisk

voldg rmdisk

Move logical volumes to another physical volumes

migratepv

vinum move -f drive object

pvmove

pvmove

vxassist move

volassist move

Create volume group

mkvg

vgcreate

vgcreate

vxdg init

voldg init

Remove volume group

vgremove

vgremove

Volume group availability

chvg 
varyonvg 
varyoffvg

vgchange

vgchange

Restore volume group

vgcfgrestore

vgcfgrestore

Exports volume group

exportvg

vgexport

vgexport

vxdg deport

voldg deport

Imports volume group

importvg

vgimport

vgimport

vxdg import

voldg import

Volume group listing

lsvg

vgscan

vgscan

Change logical volume characteristics 

chlv

lvchange

lvchange 

vxedit set

voledit set

List logical volume

lslv

vinum lv

lvdisplay

lvdisplay

vxprint -vl

volprint -vl

Make logical volume

mklv

lvcreate

lvcreate

vxassist make

volassist make

Extend logical volume

extendlv

lvextend

lvextend

vxassist growto

volassist growto

Reduce logical volume

AIX reduce LV

lvreduce

lvreduce

vxassist shrinkto

volassist shrinkto

Remove logical volume

rmlv

vinum rm vol

lvremove

lvremove

vxedit rm

voledit -g rootdg -rf rm vol1

Prepare boot volumes

bootlist -m normal

lvlnboot

lilo

vxbootsetup

Remove boot volumes

lvrmboot

Extend File system

chfs -a size=# /mt

extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8 
fsadm -F vxfs -b{LE * 1024} /mt

resize2fs
resize_reiserfs

vxva 
mkfs -M

Reduce/Split mirrors

rmlvcopy

lvsplit

lvsplit

Merge mirrors

lvmerge

lvmerge

Create mirrors

mklv -c 2

vinum mirror drive

lvcreate -m 1

vxassist mirror

volassist make vol 100mb mirror=true

Add mirrors

mklvcopy lv 2 

lvextend -m 1

Create striped volumes

mklv -u 3 -S 64K

vinum stripe drive

lvcreate -i 3 -I 64

lvcreate -i 3 -I 64

vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5

volassist make vol 100mb layout=stripe

System recovery tape

mksysb -i /dev/rmt0

/opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery

/usr/sys/bin/btcreate

Backup

savevg -i rootvg

vinum saveconfig

fbackup

tar cvf /dev/rst0 /

ufsdump

vdump

Restore

restvg 

frecover

tar xvf /dev/rst0 

ufsrestore

vrestore

MISC

AIX

FreeBSD

HP-UX

LINUX(RedHat)

SOLARIS

Tru64

Startup script

/etc/rc

/etc/rc

/sbin/rc

/etc/rc.d/rc

/etc/init.d

/sbin/init.d

Kernel

/usr/lib/boot/unix_up

/kernel

/stand/vmunix

/boot/vmlinuz

/kernel/genunix

/vmunix

Kernel Parameters

lsattr -E -l sys0

sysctl -a

sysdef 
kmtune 
kmsystem

sysctl -a

sysdef -i

sysconfig 
dxkerneltuner

Reconfigure the kernel

chdev -l sys0 -a 

cd /sys/i386/conf 
vi KERNEL 
config KERNEL 
cd ../../compile/KERNEL
make depend 
make 
make install

cd /stand/build 
/usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s system 
vi system 
mk_kernel -s system 
cd /stand 
mv system system.prev 
mv vmunix vmunix.prev 
mv dlkm dlkm.prev 
mv /stand/build/system system 
kmupdate /stand/build/vmunix_test

cd /usr/src/linux  
make mrproper  
make menuconfig  
make dep  
make clean  
make bzImage 
make install 
make modules 
make modules_install

cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16 
mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.2.16.img 2.2.16 
vi /etc/lilo.conf 
lilo

vi /etc/system 
reboot

doconfig

List modules

genkex

kldstat

kmadmin -s

lsmod

modinfo

Load module

kldload

kmadmin -L

insmod

modload

Unload module

kldunload

kmadmin -U

rmmod

modunload

Initialize system

install_assist

/stand/sysinstall

set_parms initial

netconf

sys-unconfig

netsetup

Physical RAM

bootinfo -r

sysctl hw.physmem

grep -i Physical /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log

free

prtconf

uerf | grep memory

Kernel Bits

bootinfo -K

getconf KERNEL_BITS

getconf LONG_BIT

isainfo -kv

64

Crash utility

crash

crash

adb

lcrash

crash

kdbx

Trace System Calls

syscalls

truss

tusc

strace

truss

trace

Machine model

uname -m 
bootinfo -m

uname -m

model 
uname -m

uname -m

uname -imp

uname -p

OS Level

oslevel

uname -r

uname -r

uname -r

uname -r

sizer -v

Run Level

who -r

who -r

runlevel

who -r

who -r

Core dump files

/var/adm/ras

/var/adm/crash

/var/crash/`uname -n`

Boot single user

Key on service mode/F4 
Boot from CD/Tape 
Select Maintenance 
Limited function Shell

ok boot -s

>boot
Interact with IPL ? Y
ISL>hpux -iS

{lilo}
control-x
linux S

{grub}
c
kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single   ro root=/dev/hda8
initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img
boot

ok boot -s

>>> boot -fl s

Maintenance mode

ok boot -as

>boot
Interact with IPL ? Y
ISL>hpux -lm

ok boot -as

Interrupt Key

control-B

Stop-A

control-P

Return to console

co

ok go

Timezone Management

/etc/environment
/etc/profile

/etc/localtime

/etc/TIMEZONE

/etc/sysconfig/clock

/etc/TIMEZONE
/etc/default/init

/etc/svid3_tz
timezone

NTP Daemon

/etc/ntp.conf
startsrc -s xntpd

/etc/rc.conf{xntpd_enable="YES"}
/etc/rc.network

/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons
/sbin/init.d/xntpd

/etc/ntp.conf
/etc/rc.d/init.d/xntpd

/etc/inet/ntp.conf
/etc/init.d/xntpd

rcmgr set XNTPD_CONF YES
/sbin/init.d/xntpd

Software

AIX

HP-UX

LINUX(RedHat)

SOLARIS

Tru64

Install Software

installp -a

pkg_add

swinstall

rpm -i package

pkgadd

setld -l

Uninstall software

installp -u

pkg_delete

swremove

rpm -e package

pkgrm

setld -d

List installed software

lslpp -L all

pkg_info -a

swlist

rpm -qa

pkginfo

setld -i

Verify installed software

lppchk -v

swlist -l fileset -a state

rpm -V package

pkginfo -i 
pkginfo -p

setld -v

List all files

lslpp -f fileset

pkg_info -L package

swlist -l file fileset

rpm -ql package

pkgchk -l package

setld -i package

List installed patches

instfix -i

swlist -l patch 
what /stand/vmunix

patchadd -p

dupatch -track -type patch

Package owner

lslpp -w path

swlist -l file | grep path

rpm -qf file

pkgchk -l -p path

SW Directory

/usr/lpp

/var/db/pkg

/var/adm/sw/

/var/lib/rpm

/var/sadm

/var/adm/smlogs

Devices

AIX

FreeBSD

HP-UX

LINUX(RedHat)

SOLARIS

Tru64

Devices

/dev

/dev

/dev

/dev

/devices

/dev

Install devices for attached peripherals

cfgmgr -v

/dev/MAKEDEV

insf -e

/dev/MAKEDEV

drvconfig 
devlinks 
disks 
tapes 
ports

scu scan edt
scsimgr -scan_all

Remove device

rmdev -l

rmsf

rem_drv

Device drivers

lscfg

lsdev

prtconf -D

CPU

lsdev -Cc processor

sysctl hw.model

ioscan -fnC processor

cat /proc/cpuinfo

psrinfo -v

psrinfo -v

List Terminal

lsdev -Cc tty

ioscan -fnC tty

pmadm -l

Diagnostics

diag

pciconf -l

stm

lspci
pnpdump

/usr/platform/`uname -m`/ 
sbin/prtdiag 
ok test-all 
/opt/SUNWvts/bin/sunvts

Whole Disk

/dev/hdisk#

/dev/ad0s1c

/dev/dsk/c#t#d0

/dev/sda

/dev/c#t#d0s2

/dev/rz0c

CDROM

/dev/cd0

/dev/acd0c

/dev/dsk/c#t2d0

/dev/cdrom

/dev/dsk/c#t6d0s2

/dev/rz3c

CDROM file type

cdrfs

cd9660

cdfs

iso9660

hsfs

cdfs

Rewinding tape drive

/dev/rmt0

/dev/rwt0d

/dev/rmt/0m

/dev/rst0{ c 9 0}

/dev/rmt/0

/dev/rmt0

Non-rewinding tape drive

/dev/rmt0.1

/dev/nrwt0d

/dev/rmt/0mn

/dev/nrst0{ c 9 128 }

/dev/rmt/0n

/dev/nrmt0

Floppy drive

/dev/rfd0

/dev/fd0

-

/dev/fd0

/dev/diskette

/dev/fd0c

Links

AIX

FreeBSD

HP-UX

LINUX(RedHat)

SOLARIS

Tru64

FAQ

AIX-FAQ

FreeBSD FAQ

HP-UX FAQ

LINUX FAQ

Solaris 2 FAQ

Tru64 FAQ

Online Manual

AIX 5.3 Docs

FreeBSD Hand Book

HP-UX Reference Manual

Linux Documentation Project

Solaris 10 Documentation

Tru64 Documents

Technical Support

p5 TechSupport

IT Resource Center

Red Hat support

SunSolve

Alpha Systems Support

Phone Number

1-800-CALL-AIX

1-800-633-3600

1-888-REDHAT1

1-800-USA-4SUN

1-800-474-6836

Free Software

Public Domain Software Library

FreeBSD Primary Site

HP-UX Ports

Linux Software Map

Sun Freeware

Tru64 Demos, Shareware & Freeware

Certification

education.hp.com

RHCE

suned.sun.com

ASE Information