Oracle BBED 工具說明

一. BBED 介紹有關BBED 詳細使用說明的pdf 文件，也是從網上下載的：

Thename bbed is an acronym for Block Browser and EDitor and it is shipped with thedatabase. It
is intended for Oracle internal use only and the company neverpublishes any details about it. It is a
very powerful tool but also extremelydangerous since it can change and/or corrupt data blocks of
any Oracledatabase.
Ifyou use this tool, you do so at your own risk. Any modifications made with thistool render the
database unsupported by Oracle.
BBED(OracleBlockBrowerandEDitor Tool)，用來直接檢視和修改資料檔案資料的一個工具，
是Oracle 一款內部工具，可以直接修改Oracle 資料檔案塊的內容，在一些極端恢復場景下
比較有用。該工具不受Oracle 支援，所以預設是沒有生成可執行檔案的，在使用前需要重
新連線。
二. BBED 的安裝和使用2.1 BBED 安裝Oracle8i 的BBED 在windows 平臺下的
$ORACLE_HOME/bin 下可以找到，9i 中似乎未隨軟體釋出，故在windows 沒有這個工具，
在linux 上面有，需要編譯。
在9i/10g 中連線生成bbed:
cd$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
make-f ins_rdbms.mk $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/bbed
示例：
[oracle@db2 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
[oracle@db2 lib]$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/bbed
Linking BBED utility (bbed)
rm -f /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/bbed
gcc
-o/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/bbed-L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdb
ms/lib/-L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/-L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/stubs/
-L/usr/lib -lirc
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/s0main.o/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/s
sbbded.o/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/sbbdpt.o
`cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10
-ln10-lnnz10 -lnl10 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/defopt.o-ldbtools10 -lclntsh
`cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10
-lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10
-lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10-lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lmm
-lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10-lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10
-lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 `cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10
-lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10
`cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10
-lnnz10 -lnl10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10-lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10-lsnls10 -lnls10
-lcore10-lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10-lnls10
-lcore10 -lnls10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10-lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10
-lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10-lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10
`cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist`-Wl,-rpath,/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/d
b_1/lib -lm `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist`-ldl
-lm-L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib
[oracle@db2 lib]$
以上生成的bbed 可執行檔案在$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib 目錄，可以複製到其他位置或
者其他同Oracle 版本的機器上執行。
也可透過以下命令將bbed 生成到$ORACLE_HOME/bin 目錄
[oracle@db2 lib]$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk BBED=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed
Linking BBED utility (bbed)
rm -f /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/bbed
gcc
-o/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/bbed-L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/-
L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/-L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/stubs/
-L/usr/lib -lirc
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/s0main.o/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/s
sbbded.o/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/sbbdpt.o
`cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10
-lnnz10 -lnl10 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/defopt.o-ldbtools10 -lclntsh
`cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10
-lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10
-lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10-lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lmm
-lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10-lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10
-lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10
-lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10
`cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10
-lnnz10 -lnl10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10-lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10-lsnls10 -lnls10
-lcore10-lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10-lnls10
-lcore10 -lnls10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10-lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10
-lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10-lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10
`cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist`-Wl,-rpath,/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/d
b_1/lib -lm `cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist` -ldl -lm
-L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib
[oracle@db2 lib]$ ls -lrt bbed
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 536161 Aug 1118:30 bbed
[oracle@db2 lib]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
[oracle@db2 bin]$ ls -lrt bbed
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 536161 Aug 11 18:33bbed
OracleDatabase 11g 中預設的未提供BBED 庫檔案，但是可以用10g 的檔案編譯出來，需要
先從10g 中複製如下檔案到相應目錄，然後再執行上述連線命令，參考如下步驟：（1）複製
Oracle 10g 檔案
Copy $ORA10g_HOME/rdbms/lib/ssbbded.o to$ORA11g_HOME/rdbms/libCopy
$ORA10g_HOME/rdbms/lib/sbbdpt.o to $ORA11g_HOME/rdbms/libCopy
$ORA10g_HOME/rdbms/mesg/bbedus.msb to $ORA11g_HOME/rdbms/mesgCopy
$ORA10g_HOME/rdbms/mesg/bbedus.msg to $ORA11g_HOME/rdbms/mesgCopy
$ORA10g_HOME/rdbms/mesg/bbedar.msb to $ORA11g_HOME/rdbms/mesg（2）編譯
make -f $ORA11g_HOME/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mkBBED=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed
2.2 使用BBED BBED 是Oracle 內部使用的命令，所以Oracle 不提供技術支援。為了安
全，BBED 設定了口令保護，預設密碼為blockedit。
[oracle@db2 bin]$ bbed
Password:
BBED-00113: Invalid password. Please rerunutility with the correct password.
[oracle@db2 bin]$ bbed
Password:
BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - LimitedProduction on Thu Aug 11 18:51:47 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
************* !!! For Oracle Internal Useonly !!! ***************
BBED>
一般使用bbed，都是將一些配置資訊寫入到一個引數文字里，在呼叫bbed 時，指定該參
數檔案。如：
$bbedparfile=bbed.par
相關的引數可以透過help 檢視：
[oracle@db2 admin]$ bbed help=y
PASSWORD - Required parameter
FILENAME - Database file name
BLOCKSIZE - Database block size
LISTFILE - List file name
MODE - [browse/edit]
SPOOL - Spool to logfile [no/yes]
CMDFILE - BBED command file name
LOGFILE - BBED log file name
PARFILE - Parameter file name
BIFILE - BBED before-image file name
REVERT - Rollback changes from BIFILE[no/yes]
SILENT - Hide banner [no/yes]
HELP - Show all valid parameters [no/yes]
這裡我們先演示一個示例。
（1）先獲取datafile 的資訊
將datafile 的資訊寫入一個檔案，格式為：檔案編號檔名字檔案大小。可以透過如下
SQL 獲取：
SYS@dave2(db2)> select file#||' '||name||' '||bytes from v$datafile ;
FILE#||''||NAME||''||BYTES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf 1761607680
2/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/undotbs01.dbf 927989760
3/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/sysaux01.dbf 398458880
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/users01.dbf5242880
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/example01.dbf104857600
6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/dave01.dbf10485760
7/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/undotbs02.dbf 1048576
8/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/huaining01.dbf 52428800
8 rows selected.
注意，這裡的file id。我們這裡的file id 和oracle 系統內部的file id 相同。當然這個id
我們也可以自己指定。當我們在bbed 裡設定file id 時，就是根據這個引數檔案中的的設
置來的。最好設定為相同，不然以後可能會混淆。
將上面查詢出來的datafile 資訊儲存到文字里。
[oracle@db2 ~]$ cat /u01/filelist.txt
1/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf 1761607680
2/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/undotbs01.dbf 927989760
3/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/sysaux01.dbf 398458880
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/users01.dbf5242880
5/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/example01.dbf 104857600
6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/dave01.dbf10485760
7/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/undotbs02.dbf 1048576
8/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/huaining01.dbf 52428800
(2) 建立parameter file：
[oracle@db2 ~]$ cat /u01/bbed.par
blocksize=8192
listfile=/u01/filelist.txt
mode=edit
（3）使用parameter file 連線bbed：
[oracle@db2 ~]$ bbed parfile=/u01/bbed.par
Password:
BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - LimitedProduction on Thu Aug 11 20:47:49 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
************* !!! For Oracle Internal Useonly !!! ***************
BBED> show
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 0
DBA 0x00400001(4194305 1,1)
FILENAME/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf
BIFILE bifile.bbd
LISTFILE /u01/filelist.txt
BLOCKSIZE 8192
MODE Edit
EDIT Unrecoverable
IBASE Dec
OBASE Dec
WIDTH 80
COUNT 512
LOGFILE log.bbd
SPOOL No
三. BBED 命令說明先看幫助的說明：
BBED> help all
SET DBA [ dba | file#, block# ]
SET FILENAME 'filename'
SET FILE file#
SET BLOCK [+/-]block#
SET OFFSET [ [+/-]byte offset | symbol |*symbol ]
SET BLOCKSIZE bytes
SET LIST[FILE] 'filename'
SET WIDTH character_count
SET COUNT bytes_to_display
SET IBASE [ HEX | OCT | DEC ]
SET OBASE [ HEX | OCT | DEC ]
SET MODE[ BROWSE | EDIT ]
SET SPOOL [ Y | N ]
SHOW [ <SET parameter> | ALL ]
INFO
MAP[/v] [ DBA | FILENAME | FILE | BLOCK ]
DUMP[/v] [ DBA | FILENAME | FILE | BLOCK |OFFSET | COUNT ]
PRINT[/x|d|u|o|c] [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME |BLOCK | OFFSET | symbol | *symbol ]
EXAMINE[/Nuf] [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME |BLOCK | OFFSET | symbol | *symbol ]
</Nuf>:
N - a number which specifies a repeatcount.
u - a letter which specifies a unit size:
b -b1, ub1 (byte)
h -b2, ub2 (half-word)
w -b4, ub4(word)
r -Oracle table/index row
f - a letter which specifies a displayformat:
x -hexadecimal
d -decimal
u -unsigned decimal
o -octal
c -character (native)
n -Oracle number
t -Oracle date
i -Oracle rowid
FIND[/x|d|u|o|c] numeric/character string [TOP | CURR ]
COPY [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ] TO [DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ]
MODIFY[/x|d|u|o|c] numeric/character string
[ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK | OFFSET | symbol | *symbol ]
ASSIGN[/x|d|u|o] <targetspec>=<source spec>
<target spec> : [ DBA | FILE |FILENAME | BLOCK | OFFSET | symbol | *symbol ]
<source spec> : [ value | <targetspec options> ]
SUM [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ] [APPLY ]
PUSH [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK |OFFSET ]
POP [ALL]
REVERT [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ]
UNDO
HELP [ <bbed command> | ALL ]
VERIFY [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ]
CORRUPT [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ]
下面是幾個常用的：
set 設定當前的環境
show 檢視當前的環境引數，跟sqlplus 的同名命令類似。
dump 列出指定block 的內容
find 在指定的block 中查詢指定的字串，結果是顯示出字串，及其偏移量--offset，偏移
量就是在block 中的位元組數
modify 修改指定block 的指定偏移量的值，可以線上修改。
copy 把一個block 的內容copy 到另一個block 中
verify 檢查當前環境是否有壞塊
sum 計算block 的checksum，modify 之後block 就被標識為壞塊，current checksum 與reqired
checksum 不一致，sum 命令可以計算出新的checksum 並應用到當前塊。
undo 回滾當前的修改操作，如果手誤做錯了，undo 一下就ok 了，回到原來的狀態。
revert 回滾所有之前的修改操作，意思就是undo all
3.1 SET 命令3.1.1 set dba
Setsthe current data block using the standard Oracle DBA (Data Block Address)format. This is
entered as file_id, block.
關於DBA 說明，參考：
Oracle rdba 和dba 說明
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6529346
SQL> select
2 rowid,
3 dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid)rel_fno,
dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid)blockno,
dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) rowno
from t1 where object_id=100;
ROWID REL_FNO BLOCKNOROWNO
------------------ ---------- --------------------
AAAMxZAABAAAO3SAAA 160882 0
AAAMxZAABAAAO3TAAH 160883 7
設定file 1，block 60882
BBED> set dba 1,60882
DBA 0x0040edd2(4255186 1,60882)
如果設定成功，會返回該block 的RDBA (Relative Data Block Address)，rdba 就是rowid 中
的rfile#+block#。括號裡面的是DBA 值和block 和file id。我們驗證一下：
SYS@dave2(db2)> variable dbavarchar2(30);
SYS@dave2(db2)> exec :dba :=dbms_utility.make_data_block_address(1,60882);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SYS@dave2(db2)> print dba
DBA
----------------------------------------------------------
4255186
3.1.2 set filename
Setsthe current file to the one specified. It must be a valid Oracle data file andit must be enclosed
in single quotes. If the file is not in the current path itmust also be fully qualified. If successful,
bbed will respond showing the filenow being accessed.
BBED>set filename '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/users01.dbf'
FILENAME/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/users01.dbf
--必須是一個有效的datafile，並且用單引號括起來
3.1.3 set file
Setsthe current file to the number specified. The number specified must be one ofthe file ids
supplied in the filelist referenced at startup. If successful,bbed will respond showing the file id
now being accessed.
BBED> set file 4
FILE# 4
--注意這裡的number，是我們之前配置的filelist 裡的number。它可以和我們db 裡的file id
不一樣。不過最好是配置一樣的。
3.1.4 set block
Setsthe current block. The block is relative to the filename or file already set.The absolute block
can be specified, or an offset to the current block can bespecified using the plus (+) or (-) symbols.
If successful, bbed will respondshowing the current block.
--注意這裡的block 是一個相對的位置，我們需要先指定一個file，然後在指定block。即
對應file 裡的block。可以對當前block 的位置進行+和-操作。
BBED> set file 4
FILE# 4
BBED> set block 60882
BBED-00309: out of range block number(60882)
BBED> set file 1
FILE# 1
BBED> set block 60882
BLOCK# 60882
BBED> set bock +10
BBED-00202: invalid parameter (bock)
BBED> set block +10
BLOCK# 60892
BBED> set block -10
BLOCK# 60882
3.1.5 set offset
Setsthe current offset. The offset is relative to the block already set. Theabsolute offset can be
specified, or an offset to the current offset can bespecified using the plus (+) or minus (-) symbols.
If successful, bbed willrespond showing the current offset.
--偏移量是相對某個block 裡的偏移量，可以用+和-進行操作
BBED> set offset 20
OFFSET 20
BBED> set offset +2
OFFSET 22
BBED> set offset -2
OFFSET 20
3.1.6 set blocksize
Setsthe blocksize of the current file. The blocksize must match the file selectedor an error will be
reported. If successful, bbed will respond showing thecurrent blocksize.
設定當前datafile 的blocksize 大小，該大小必須和datafile 的實際block 匹配，否則會報
錯。
BBED> set blocksize 8192
BLOCKSIZE 8192
3.1.7 set listfile
Setsthe listfile to the specified file. This option can be used if the listfile wasnot specified on the
command line. The listfile must be enclosed in singlequotes. If successful, bbed will respond
showing the current listfile.
--在前面講過，可以透過parameter file 來指定bbed 的屬性，當然也可以透過set 來指定這
些資訊。對於listfile 的檔案，必須用單引號括起來。
BBED> set listfile '/u01/filelist.txt'
LISTFILE /u01/filelist.txt
3.1.8 set width
Setsthe current screen width. If not specified bbed will assume an 80-characterdisplay.
設定當前螢幕的寬度，預設是80.
BBED> set width 200
WIDTH 200
3.1.9 set count
Setsthe number of bytes of the data block to display from the dump command. Thedefault is 512.
Tosee an entire 8Kb block therefore you would need to dump the block eight timesat offsets 0,
512, 1024, 1536, 2048, 2560, 3092 and 3604.
Bysetting the count higher bbed will dump more of the block each time. Byreducing it a smaller
dump can be achieved.
設定dump 命令顯示bytes 的數量。預設是512 bytes。
BBED> set count 512
COUNT 512
3.1.10 set ibase
Setsthe internal number base. The default is decimal. However it can also be set tohexadecimal
or octal. This allows the set file, set block and set offsetcommands to use an alternate base to
decimal. If successful, bbed will respondshowing the current base:
--設定內部的數字格式，預設是十進位制。也可以設定為十六進位制或者八進位制。設定完數字
格式之後，可是使用該格式來設定blcok，offset 等。
BBED> set ibase hex
IBASE Hex
BBED> set block +D
BLOCK# 14
BBED> set ibase decimal
IBASE Dec
3.1.11 set obase
Thepurpose of this command is unknown.
3.1.12 set mode
Setsthe bbed mode. The options are browse or edit. In browse mode no changes can bemade.
This is the suggested mode for first-time users, or if you are intendingto use the tool only to
inspect data blocks.
--設定bbed 的模式，該預設有2 種：browse 和edit。browse 模式不允許進行修改。如
果要修改，就選擇edit 模式。這個在我們的之前的配置檔案裡，我們選擇了edit。
BBED> set mode browse
MODE Browse
BBED> set mode edit
MODE Edit
3.1.13 set spool
Thiscommand appears to not be implemented.
3.2 show 命令顯示當前的配置選項。
BBED> show
FILE# 1
BLOCK# 14
OFFSET 0
DBA 0x0040000e(4194318 1,14)
--注意這裡的block 變成了14. 是我們剛才設定的。
FILENAME/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf
BIFILE bifile.bbd
LISTFILE /u01/filelist.txt
BLOCKSIZE 8192
MODE Edit
EDIT Unrecoverable
IBASE Dec
OBASE Dec
WIDTH 200
COUNT 512
LOGFILE log.bbd
SPOOL No
3.3 info 顯示當前可以進行browse 或者edit 的file。即我們filelist 裡指定的datafile 資訊。
BBED> info
File#NameSize(blks)
-------------------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf 215040
2/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/undotbs01.dbf 113280
3/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/sysaux01.dbf 48640
4/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/users01.dbf 640
5/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/example01.dbf 12800
6/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/dave01.dbf 1280
7/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/undotbs02.dbf 128
8/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/huaining01.dbf 6400
--一行不能完整顯示，設定一下width 引數，就ok 了
BBED> set width 65
WIDTH 65
BBED> info
File#NameSize(blks)
-------------------
1/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf 215040
2/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/undotbs01.dbf 113280
3/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/sysaux01.dbf 48640
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/users01.dbf 640
5/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/example01.dbf 12800
6/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/dave01.dbf 1280
7/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/undotbs02.dbf 128
8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/huaining01.db 6400
3.4 Map Themap command shows a map of the current block. It can be combined with the
/voption to produce a more verbose output. The map shows the offsets throughoutthe block where
certain information can be found such as the block header, thedata block header or the row
directory.
Ifthe set commands have not been used to set a current block, or it the user simplywishes to
examine another block while keeping the current block their focus,the file name, file id, block or
DBA can be specified with the command.
Map 會透過偏移量來顯示block 裡的詳細資訊，如block header，data block header 和row
directory。使用/v 選項，可以檢視更詳細的資訊。
在不指定block 的情況下，會顯示當前block 的資訊，如果想顯示其他block 的資訊，可以
使用file name，file id，block 和DBA 來指定要顯示的block。
BBED> map
File:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 60882 Dba:0x0040edd2
------------------------------------------------------------
KTBData Block (Table/Cluster)
struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0
struct ktbbh, 72 bytes @20
struct kdbh, 14 bytes @92
struct kdbt[2], 8 bytes @106
sb2kdbr[4]@114
ub1freespace[7974]@122
ub1rowdata[92]@8096
ub4tailchk@8188
--這個是預設情況，@後面代表的對應的資訊在block 裡的偏移量，即offset。
--透過dba 來指定某個block
BBED> map /v dba 1,60882
File:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 60882 Dba:0x0040edd2
------------------------------------------------------------
KTBData Block (Table/Cluster)
struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0
ub1 type_kcbh@0
ub1 frmt_kcbh@1
ub1 spare1_kcbh@2
ub1 spare2_kcbh@3
ub4 rdba_kcbh@4
ub4 bas_kcbh@8
ub2 wrp_kcbh@12
ub1 seq_kcbh@14
ub1 flg_kcbh@15
ub2 chkval_kcbh@16
ub2 spare3_kcbh@18
struct ktbbh, 72 bytes @20
ub1 ktbbhtyp @20
union ktbbhsid, 4 bytes@24
struct ktbbhcsc, 8 bytes@28
b2 ktbbhict@36
ub1 ktbbhflg@38
ub1 ktbbhfsl@39
ub4 ktbbhfnx@40
struct ktbbhitl[2], 48 bytes@44
struct kdbh, 14 bytes @92
ub1 kdbhflag@92
b1 kdbhntab@93
b2 kdbhnrow@94
sb2 kdbhfrre@96
sb2 kdbhfsbo@98
sb2 kdbhfseo @100
b2 kdbhavsp@102
b2 kdbhtosp@104
struct kdbt[2], 8 bytes @106
b2 kdbtoffs@106
b2 kdbtnrow @108
sb2kdbr[4]@114
ub1freespace[7974]@122
ub1rowdata[92]@8096
ub4tailchk@8188
--透過block 來map
BBED> map block 60888
File:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 60888 Dba:0x0040edd8
------------------------------------------------------------
KTBData Block (Table/Cluster)
struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0
struct ktbbh, 72 bytes @20
struct kdbh, 14 bytes @92
struct kdbt[2], 8 bytes @106
sb2kdbr[4]@114
ub1freespace[7936]@122
ub1rowdata[130]@8058
ub4tailchk@8188
Map 顯示的具體資訊解釋如下：
struct kcbh, 20 bytes
Block Header Structure
ub1 type_kcbh
Block type (see Header Block Types below)
ub1 frmt_kcbh
Block format 1=Oracle 7, 2=Oracle 8+
ub1 spare1_kcbh
Not used
ub1 spare2_kcbh
Not used
ub4 rdba_kcbh
RDBA -Relative Data Block Address
ub4 bas_kcbh
SCN Base
ub2 wrp_kcbh
SCN Wrap
ub1 seq_kcbh
Sequence number, incremented for every change made to the block at the same SCN
ub1 flg_kcbh
Flag:
0x01 New Block
0x02 Delayed Logging Change advanced SCN/seq 0x04 Check value saved - block XOR‘s to
zero
0x08 Temporary block
ub2 chkval_kcbh
Optional block checksum (if DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM=TRUE)
ub2 spare3_kcbh
Not used
struct ktbbh, 72 bytes
Transaction Fixed Header Structure
ub1 ktbbhtyp
Block type (1=DATA, 2=INDEX)
union ktbbhsid, 4 bytes
Segment/Object ID
struct ktbbhcsc, 8 bytes
SCN at last block cleanout
b2 ktbbhict
Number of ITL slots
ub1 ktbbhflg
0=on the freelist
ub1 ktbbhfsl
ITL TX freelist slot
ub4 ktbbhfnx
DBA of next block on the freelist
struct ktbbhitl[2], 48 bytes
ITL list index
struct kdbh, 14 bytes
Data Header Structure
ub1 kdbhflag
N=pctfree hit(clusters); F=do not put on freelist; K=flushable cluster keys
b1 kdbhntab
Number of tables (>1 in clusters)
b2 kdbhnrow
Number of rows
sb2 kdbhfrre
First free row entry index; -1 = you have to add one
sb2 kdbhfsbo
Freespace begin offset
sb2 kdbhfseo
Freespace end offset
b2 kdbhavsp
Available space in the block
b2 kdbhtosp
Total available space when all TXs commit
struct kdbt[1], 4 bytes
Table Directory Entry Structure
b2 kdbtoffs
b2 kdbtnrow
sb2 kdbr[1]
Row Directory
ub1 freespace[8030]
Free Space
ub1 rowdata[38]
Row Data
ub4 tailchk
(See Tailchecks below)
Differentblock types are designated by the first byte of the block. The following tableshows how
to decode the block type:
不同的block 可以第一個byte 的值是不一樣的。具體值對應block 型別如下。
Header Block Types
ID
Type
01
Undo segment header
02
Undo data block
03
Save undo header
04
Save undo data block
05
Data segment header (temp, index, data and so on)
06
KTB managed data block (with ITL)
07
Temp table data block (no ITL)
08
Sort Key
09
Sort Run
10
Segment free list block
11
Data file header
可以透過dump block 來檢視對應的具體的值。下文講dump 時會有相關的示例。
oracleblocks 的最後4 個bytes 是tail check。下面看一下oracle 9i block 的tail check 組成。
Tailchecks
Thetail of an Oracle 8+ block is a concatenation of the lower order two bytes ofthe SCN base, the
block type and the SCN sequence number.
Oracleblock tail 由4 個bytes 組成，但實際上只用了低2 個bytes 來存放。2 個bytes 的tail
由scn base，block type 和scn sequence 組成。
E.g, if the SCN base number is 0x00029728,the block type is 06 and the SCN sequence number is
0x02, the tail check wouldbe 0x97280602:
SCN base Type SCN seq
9728 06 02
Althoughthis tail check value is generated from three components, Oracle treats thefinal value as
a single unsigned integer stored as a word (4-bytes). Onlittle-endian architecture machines, which
include Intel, the value will bestores as low-order byte first.
雖然tail check 由3 個部分組成，但是oracle 把這3 部分作為一個整體來儲存，並且佔用4
個bytes。
對於little-endian（低端）架構的機器，包括Intel, 他們會先存放low-order byte，即低位字
節。
Thereforeif the tail check is examined in the block using a standard block editor, orthe dump
command which will be explained in the next section, the byte ordermay look different. A tail
check of 0x97280602 stored on an Intel machine wouldbe written to disk as
"02062897".
可以透過標準block editor 或者dump 來檢視tail check。對於不同的機器，他們儲存的順
序是不一樣的。比如tail check 0x97280602 在Intel Machine 就被儲存為02062897，因為它
會先儲存low-order bytes。
3.5 dump （ d ） Thedump command dumps the content of the block to the screen. It can be
combinedwith the /v option to produce a more verbose output. TheDBA, Filename, File, Block
and/or Offset to dump can be specified with thecommand. If these are not specified the current file,
block and offsetas established with the set command will be dumped. The size of the dump
islimited by the set count option and defaults to 512 bytes or alternatively thesize of the dump can
be specified with the command.
dump 命令可以講block 的內從顯示到螢幕。每次顯示的bytes 由count 控制，預設是512
bytes。使用/v 選項，可以顯示更多詳細資訊。
示例：
BBED> dump /vdba 1,60884 offset 0 count 128
File:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 60884Offsets: 0 to 127Dba:0x0040edd4
-------------------------------------------------------
06a20000 d4ed4000 e3580900 00000106 l.￠..?í@.?X......
64610000 01000000 fb000000 de580900 lda......?...TX..
00000000 02000200 00000000 01002900 l..............).
15010000 a3008000 ce002700 00800000 l....￡...?.'.....
de580900 01002800 15010000 a4008000 lTX....(.....¤...
ce003500 06200000 e3580900 01020700 l ?.5....?X......
ffff2400 021fde1e de1e0000 01000100 l..$...T.T.......
0600851f 6f1f591f 441f2e1f 181f021f l....o.Y.D.......
<16 bytes per line>
我們看一下blockheader 中第一行16 個bytes 的架構：
Type
Format
Unused
RDBA
SCN Base
SCN Wrap
Seq
Flag
06
a2
0000
d4ed4000
e3580900
0000
01
06
在上一節講到不同的blocktype id 代表不同的型別：
06
KTB managed data block (with ITL)
我們在dump 一個看看：
BBED> dump /v dba 1,6081 offset 0 count128
File:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 6081Offsets: 0 to 127Dba:0x004017c1
-------------------------------------------------------
10a20000 c1174000 972a0000 00000104 l.￠..á.@..*......
cbf20000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l?ò..............
00000000 01000000 07000000 20100000 l............ ...
00000000 01000000 07000000 c3174000 l............?.@.
00000000 00000000 00000000 01000000 l................
00000000 00000000 00000000 01000000 l ................
00000000 7e030000 00000040 c2174000 l....~......@?.@.
07000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l................
這個block headertype 就變成了10.
3.6 print （ p ） Theprint command allows data structures to be printed in raw or formatted
output.The DBA, Filename, File, Block and/or Offset to print can be specified with thecommand.
If these are not specified the current file, block and offset asestablished with the set command will
be printed.
print 命令輸出datastructures。在使用print 時，可以指定dba，block 等引數來限定輸出特
定block。
Ifthe print command is issued with just the block and offset to print, bbed willdisplay the data
structure at that offset.
在3.4 節map 裡講了block 的結構，在前面，我們講過，可以透過dump 來檢視block 的
type。透過print 也可以檢視。現在我們print 一個file 1，block 60811 的Data Block Header 的
type。
BBED> set dba 1,60811
DBA 0x0040ed8b(4255115 1,60811)
BBED> set offset 0
OFFSET 0
BBED> p kcbh.type_kcbh
ub1 type_kcbh @0 0x06
--type 型別為06.
Itis also possible to use the print command to print individual data structuresby specifying the
name.
可以透過print 輸出指定名稱的block structures。
BBED> p kcbh
struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0
ub1 type_kcbh@0 0x06
ub1 frmt_kcbh@1 0xa2
ub1 spare1_kcbh@2 0x00
ub1 spare2_kcbh@3 0x00
ub4 rdba_kcbh@4 0x0040ed8b
ub4 bas_kcbh @8 0x00095560
ub2 wrp_kcbh@12 0x0000
ub1 seq_kcbh@14 0x01
ub1 flg_kcbh@15 0x06 (KCBHFDLC,KCBHFCKV)
ub2 chkval_kcbh@16 0x4667
ub2 spare3_kcbh@18 0x0000
Ifwe wanted to determine the number of rows in the block, we could print the dataheader
structure or kdbh:
如果我們想確定block 中row 的數量，可以print data header structure 或者kdbh。
struct kdbh, 14 bytes
Data Header Structure
BBED> p kdbh
struct kdbh, 14 bytes @92
ub1 kdbhflag@92 0x01 (KDBHFFK)
b1kdbhntab @93 2
b2kdbhnrow@94 10
sb2 kdbhfrre@96 -1
sb2 kdbhfsbo@98 42
sb2 kdbhfseo@100 7917
b2kdbhavsp@102 7875
b2kdbhtosp@104 7875
We can also specifying certain datastructure elements to print such as the row count:
也可以指定某個具體的structure 元素進行print。
BBED> p kdbhnrow
b2 kdbhnrow @94 10
該block 裡儲存了10 行rows。
注意：
當print 一個data structure 時，輸出的格式如下：
UnitSize* | Name | Offset| Value
*Unit size is shown in bytes and indicates if the value is signed (s) orunsigned (u).
Inaddition to printing information about the specified data structure, the printcommand can also
be used to print information about thelocation the data structure points to by using the pointer (*)
prefix.
--在pointer 加字首* 可以print location data structure。
For example we can display the block row information by printing the kdbr datastructure，kdbr
裡儲存的是row directory 的資訊。
sb2 kdbr[1]
Row Directory
BBED> p kdbr
sb2 kdbr[0] @114 8070
sb2 kdbr[1] @116 8053
sb2 kdbr[2] @118 8036
sb2 kdbr[3] @120 8019
sb2 kdbr[4] @122 8002
sb2 kdbr[5] @124 7985
sb2 kdbr[6] @126 7968
sb2 kdbr[7] @128 7951
sb2 kdbr[8] @130 7934
sb2 kdbr[9] @132 7917
格式的對應關係：
Unit Size* | Name| Offset | Value
sb2 kdbr[9]@132 7917
從上面的結果，可以看出，在這個資料塊裡有10 行記錄。每行的pointer 需要2 個bytes
來儲存。這10 行row 的offset 從114 到132.
我們可以使用kdbr[0] 作為一個指標來print 它對應的內容。這個kdbr[0] 是一個本地的data
structure，我們print 需要加*號字首。
BBED> p *kdbr[0]
rowdata[153]
------------
ub1 rowdata[153] @8162 0xac
透過這個資訊，我們可以知道該行記錄的偏移量是8162. 我們就dump 它的具體資訊。
BBED> d /v dba 1,60811 offset 8162 count128
File:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 60811Offsets: 8162 to 8191Dba:0x0040ed8b
-------------------------------------------------------
ac000209 00090000 40ed8b00 000040ed l?.......@í....@í
8b000003 c2052702 c1020106 6055 l ....?.'.á...`U
<16 bytes per line>
Theprint command can also print absolute offsets, although it does not offer thecount option like
the dump command:
print 命令也可以直接輸出一個絕對的offset 內容。
BBED> p offset 8162
rowdata[153]
------------
ub1 rowdata[153] @8162 0xac
這個輸出結果預設是16 進位制的。我們可以將其修改成其他格式。
Switch
Display Format
/x
Hex
/d
signed decimal
/u
unsigned decimal
/o
Octal
/c
Character
/n
Oracle Number
/t
Oracle Date
/i
Oracle ROWID
BBED> p offset 8162
rowdata[153]
------------
ub1 rowdata[153] @81620xac
BBED> p /d offset 8162
rowdata[153]
------------
ub1 rowdata[153] @8162 172
3.7 examine(x) Theexamine command is used to display data from the block in raw or
formattedoutput. The DBA, Filename, File, Block and/or Offset to examine can bespecified with
the command. If these are not specified the current file, blockand offset as established with the set
command will be examined. If the examinecommand is issued with just the block and offset to
examine, bbed will displaythe data structure at that offset.
--examine 命令也是用來顯示datablock 的內容的。
Unlikethe print command it cannot interpret data structures, but it can be used todisplay row
information. Combined with knowledge of the data type of the row,it can be used to retrieve
complete rows from the block:
--print 命令不能對datastructures 進行一個解釋說明。
Theexamine command will interpret the data in the block according to the followingswitches:
Switch
Display Format
/b
b1, ub1 (byte)
/h
b2, ub2 (half-word)
/w
b4, ub4 (word)
/l
b8, ub8 (long) (was b4/ub4 in Oracle7).
/r
Oracle table/index row
Theexamine command allows switches from the print command to be combined withthese
specific switches to interpret data.
--examine 可以根據switch 的方式和print 命令進行一個結合來對data 進行解釋說明。
Forexample if we wanted to interpret data as an Oracle table row with the firstcolumn character
and the second and third columns numeric, we would execute thecommand as follows:
BBED>x /rcnn
Thefollowing example shows the print and examine commands being used to step throughthe
first and second rows of a block, with the data interpreted as a row in theformat: character, number,
number:
BBED> set dba 1,60811
DBA 0x0040ed8b(4255115 1,60811)
BBED> p *kdbr[0]
rowdata[153]
------------
ub1 rowdata[153] @8162 0xac
BBED> x /rcnn
rowdata[153] @8162
------------
flag@8162: 0xac (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH,KDRHFK)
lock@8163: 0x00
cols@8164: 2
kref@8165: 9
mref@8167: 9
hrid@8169:0x0040ed8b.0
nrid@8175:0x0040ed8b.0
col0[3] @8181: ?.'
col1[2] @8185: 1
BBED> p *kdbr[1]
rowdata[136]
------------
ub1 rowdata[136] @8145 0x6c
BBED> x /rcnn
rowdata[136] @8145
------------
flag@8145: 0x6c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH,KDRHFC)
lock@8146: 0x02
cols@8147: 4
col0[2] @8149: á.
col1[1] @8152: 0
col2[2] @8154: 3
col3[4] @8157: 42092
Arepeat count can also be specified to repeat the examine command for subsequentrows. The
following shows the print command being used to position the offsetat the last row and then the
next three rows are examined.
examine 命令也可以指定多行進行顯示。下面的示例我們透過print 命令講offset 指向到最
後一個位置。然後repeat 3 次。
BBED> p kdbhnrow
b2 kdbhnrow @94 10
--這個block 上總共有10 個rows。
BBED> p *kdbr[9]
rowdata[0]
----------
ub1 rowdata[0] @8009 0x6c
--用print 將位置指向最後一個row。
BBED> x /3rcnn
rowdata[0] @8009
----------
flag@8009: 0x6c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH,KDRHFC)
lock@8010: 0x02
cols@8011: 4
col0[2] @8013: á.
col1[1] @8016: 0
col2[2] @8018: 27
col3[4] @8021: 52385
rowdata[17] @8026
-----------
flag@8026: 0x6c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH,KDRHFC)
lock@8027: 0x02
cols@8028: 4
col0[2] @8030: á.
col1[1] @8033: 0
col2[2] @8035: 24
col3[4] @8038: 42280
rowdata[34] @8043
-----------
flag@8043: 0x6c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH,KDRHFC)
lock@8044: 0x02
cols@8045: 4
col0[2] @8047: á.
col1[1] @8050: 0
col2[2] @8052: 21
col3[4] @8055: 42224
--examine 顯示3 次。
注意：
Notethat Oracle fills data blocks from the bottom-up, so setting the offset to thefirst row will
prohibit the use of the repeat option.
Oracle 使用block 是從底向上的。如果講offset 設定為0. 那麼將會組織repeat 的操作。
假如當前current row 是3，repeat 2 次，那麼row 3 和row 2 將被顯示。如果current row
是9， repeat 3 次，那麼row 9，row 8 和row 7 將被顯示。
如果不能滿足repeat，就會返回錯誤。
3.8 find （ f ） Thefind command is used to locate data within a block. The command allows
hex,string or numeric data to be searched for. The pattern can be searched for fromthe top of the
block (offset 0) using the TOP directive, or from the currentposition using the CURR directive.
find 命令可以用來搜尋關鍵字。可以從offset 0 搜尋到top 或者從當前的offset 搜尋到
top。
Switchesare used to determine the data type of the pattern to search for. These areshown below:
Switch
Datatype
/x
Hexadecimal
/d
Decimal
/u
unsigned decimal
/o
Octal
/c
character (native)
Note: Number and Dates are not supported bythe find command.
find 命令支援的switch 型別如上表，注意，find 不支援number 和Date 。
示例：
--建立表並insert 資料
SYS@dave2(db2)> create table dvd(jobvarchar2(100));
Table created.
SYS@dave2(db2)> insert into dvdvalues('Dave is DBA!');
1 row created.
SYS@dave2(db2)> commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@dave2(db2)> insert into dvdvalues('Dave like Oracle!');
1 row created.
SYS@dave2(db2)> commit;
Commit complete.
--檢視block 情況：
SYS@dave2(db2)> select
rowid,
dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) rel_fno,
dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) blockno,
dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) rowno
from dvd;
ROWID REL_FNO BLOCKNOROWNO
------------------ ---------- --------------------
AAAN9VAABAAAcKiAAA 1115362 0
AAAN9VAABAAAcKiAAB 1115362 1
--設定block 和offset
BBED> set file 1
FILE# 1
BBED> set block 115362
BLOCK# 115362
BBED> set offset 0
OFFSET 0
--查詢Dave
BBED> find /c Dave top
File:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 115362 Offsets: 8155 to 8191 Dba:0x0041c2a2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
44617665 206c696b 65204f72 61636c65 212c01010c446176 65206973 20444241
21020616 b3
<32 bytes per line>
bbed 顯示在offset 8155 的為位置，我們dump 該offset 看看
BBED> d /v dba1,115362 offset 8155 count 128
File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf(1)
Block: 115362Offsets: 8155 to 8191Dba:0x0041c2a2
-------------------------------------------------------
44617665 206c696b 65204f72 61636c65 l Dave like Oracle
212c0101 0c446176 65206973 20444241 l!,...Dave is DBA
21020616 b3 l !...3
<16 bytes per line>
--結果顯示的頭四個字母就是Dave
如果我們要繼續搜尋Dave，那麼只需要按下f 就可以了，不需要跟引數。
BBED> f
File:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 115362 Offsets: 8176 to 8191 Dba:0x0041c2a2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
44617665 20697320 44424121 020616b3
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> d /v dba1,115362 offset 8176 count 128
File:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 115362Offsets: 8176 to 8191Dba:0x0041c2a2
-------------------------------------------------------
44617665 20697320 44424121 020616b3 l Dave is DBA!...3
<16 bytes per line>
3.9 Copy Thecopy command is used to copy blocks from one location to another. As with
othercommands, the file or filename and offset can be specified, or the DBA can bespecified
instead.
命令格式如下：
BBED> copy dba 1,115362 to dba 1,115363
copy 是個危險的命令，慎用。
3.10 modify（m）Themodify command is used to change data inside a block. The DBA, Filename,
File,Block and/or Offset to modify can be specified with the command. If these arenot specified
the current file, block and offset as established with the setcommand will be modified.
Alternatively a symbol or symbol pointer can bespecified for modification.
Thepattern of bytes used to overwrite the original can be specified inhexadecimal, decimal,
unsigned decimal, octal or character data using the sameswitches as the find command.
在file 1,block 115362 有我們的Dave，我們這裡把Dave 改成dmm。
BBED>modify /c dmm dba 1, 115362 offset 8155
File:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 115362 Offsets: 8155 to 8191 Dba:0x0041c2a2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
646d6d65 206c696b 65204f72 61636c65 212c01010c446176 65206973 20444241
21020616 b3
<32 bytes per line>
--dump 驗證一下
BBED> d /v dba 1,115362 offset8155 count 128
File:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 115362Offsets: 8155 to 8191Dba:0x0041c2a2
-------------------------------------------------------
646d6d65 206c696b 65204f72 61636c65 l dmme like Oracle
212c0101 0c446176 65206973 20444241 l!,...Dave is DBA
21020616 b3 l !...3
<16 bytes per line>
--注意，這裡只修改了Dave 的前三個字母，即把Dave 變成了dmme。
注意一點，這裡僅僅是修改，還沒有進行update，即sum apply， select 才會改變。
SYS@dave2(db2)> select * from dvd;
JOB
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dave is DBA!
Dave like Oracle!
3.11 assign Theassign command does symbolic assignment, with type and range checking.
Eithertarget or source can be omitted for the current offset.
Forexample, the following command assigns structure at current offset to file 4,block 2 ”s first
ITL entry
BBED> assign dba 4, 2 ktbbhitl[0]
3.12 sum Thesum command is used to check and set the block checksum. The DBA,
Filename,File, Block and/or Offset to check can be specified with the command. If theseare not
specified the current file, block and offset as established with theset command will be checked.
Theapply directive can be used to update the checksum.
我們可以使用bbed 對block 進行修改。要使這些修改生效，就要使用sum 命令。
BBED> sum dba 1,115362
Check value for File 1, Block 115362:
current = 0xe5fb, required = 0xe5fb
BBED> sum dba 1,115362 apply
Check value for File 1, Block 115362:
current = 0xe5fb, required = 0xe5fb
正常情況下，apply 以後，就已改生效了，但是我測試的時候apply 並沒有生效，而是把db
重啟之後，modify 才生效。
SYS@dave2(db2)> select * from dvd;
JOB
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dave is DBA!
Dave like Oracle!
SYS@dave2(db2)> startup force
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 239075328 bytes
Fixed Size 1218724 bytes
Variable Size 83887964 bytes
Database Buffers 150994944 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SYS@dave2(db2)> select * from dvd;
JOB
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dave is DBA!
dmme like Oracle!
3.13 push / pop Thepush and pop commands are used to push a file, block and offset location
onto amemory backed stack and then pop them back. This allows a current locationbeing edited to
be temporarily saved while another location is examined ormodified.
Note that the stack only stores the location? it does notsave the contents.
--push 命令將物件放到記憶體的stack，pop 將物件從記憶體寫回磁碟。
Thefollowing example shows file 7, block 16, offset 8163 being examined. Thelocation is saved
with the push command. We then move to file 6, block 1 beforereturning to DBA 7,16 with the
pop command.
BBED> push dba 7,16
DBA 0x01c00010 (29360144 7,16)
OFFSET 8163
BBED> set dba 6,1
DBA 0x01800001 (25165825 6,1)
BBED> pop
DBA 0x01c00010 (29360144 7,16)
OFFSET 8163
Thecommand pop all can be used to remove all push‘d entries from the stack. Thecommand
show all can be used to show all saved locations.
3.14 revert Therevert command is used to restore a file, filename, block or DBA to it‘soriginal
state when bbed was started.
revert 是恢復自bbed 啟動以來的所有修改。
BBED> revert dba 1,115362
All changes made to this block will berolled back. Proceed? (Y/N) y
Reverted file'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf', block 115362
BBED> sum dba 1,115362 apply
Check value for File 1, Block 115362:
current = 0xdef7, required = 0xdef7
這個block 是我們之前修改成dmme 的。我們應用之後，再次select：
SYS@dave2(db2)> select * from dvd;
JOB
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dave is DBA!
dmme like Oracle!
還是沒有改變，flush 一下buffer cache 之後就更改回來了。我們剛才在之前的測試時，是重
啟了DB。看來也是啟了flush buffer cache 的作用。
SYS@dave2(db2)> alter system flushbuffer_cache;
System altered.
SYS@dave2(db2)> select * from dvd;
JOB
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dave is DBA!
Dave like Oracle!
3.15 undo Theundo command rolls back the last modify or assign command. If the undo
commandis issued again the modification is re-done.
undo 命令是回滾最後一次的操作。
BBED> modify /cdmm dba 1, 115362 offset 8155
File:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 115362 Offsets: 8155 to 8191 Dba:0x0041c2a2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
646d6d65 206c696b 65204f72 61636c65 212c01010c446176 65206973 20444241
21020616 b3
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> d /v dba1,115362 offset 8155 count 128
File:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 115362Offsets: 8155 to 8191Dba:0x0041c2a2
-------------------------------------------------------
646d6d65 206c696b 65204f72 61636c65 l dmmelike Oracle
212c0101 0c446176 65206973 20444241 l!,...Dave is DBA
21020616 b3 l !...3
<16 bytes per line>
BBED> undo
BBED>modify /x446176 filename '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf' block115362.
offset 8155.
File:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 115362 Offsets: 8155 to 8191 Dba:0x0041c2a2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
44617665 206c696b 65204f72 61636c65 212c01010c446176 65206973 20444241
21020616 b3
<32 bytes per line>
--undo 下面的modify 是oracle 自己執行的。
BBED> d /v dba 1,115362 offset 8155count 128
File:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 115362Offsets: 8155 to 8191Dba:0x0041c2a2
-------------------------------------------------------
44617665 206c696b 65204f72 61636c65 l Davelike Oracle
212c0101 0c446176 65206973 20444241 l!,...Dave is DBA
21020616 b3 l !...3
<16 bytes per line>
3.16 verify Theverify command is used to verify the integrity of the block. It performs asimilar
function to the dbverify utility.
verify 命令用來驗證block 的完整性。
BBED> verify dba 6,15
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave2/dave01.dbf
BLOCK = 15
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Blocks Examined : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1
Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 0
Total Blocks Influx : 0
3.17 corrupt Thecorrupt command is used to mark blocks as media corrupt.
corrupt 命令將一個block 標記為corrupt，這樣db 在操作時就會跳過該block，從而避免錯
誤。
BBED> corrupt dba 6,15
Block marked media corrupt
Note: The undo command does not undo acorruption. The revert command however does.
注意： undo 命令不能undo 一個corruption，但是revert 命令卻可以。
小結：
關於bbed 命令的語法部分就這麼多。下篇將重點看一下BBED 命令的使用。