**詳細編譯安裝nginx請參考[【Nginx目錄結構與配置檔案詳解】](https://editor.csdn.net/md/?articleId=103508936)以及[【Nginx安裝部署】](https://editor.csdn.net/md/?articleId=103458639)，在這裡就進行簡單安裝**
# 安裝Nginx
## 環境介紹
**作業系統：**
```bash
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 
[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 8 23:39:32 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
```
**nginx軟體版本：** **nginx-1.17.6.tar.gz**
## 安裝依賴
**注意：編譯安裝一定要安裝開發工具，否則無法進行安裝或安裝報錯**
```bash
[root@localhost opt]# yum -y install openssl openssl-devel zlib zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel make gcc gcc-c++
```
## 安裝nginx
```bash
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/
[root@localhost opt]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.17.6.tar.gz
[root@localhost opt]# tar zxf nginx-1.17.6.tar.gz 
[root@localhost opt]# cd nginx-1.17.6/
[root@localhost opt]# cd nginx-1.17.6/
[root@localhost nginx-1.17.6]# 
[root@localhost nginx-1.17.6]# ls
auto  CHANGES  CHANGES.ru  conf  configure  contrib  html  LICENSE  man  README  src
[root@localhost nginx-1.17.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx && make && make install
```
## 啟動測試nginx
```bash
[root@localhost nginx-1.17.6]# cd /usr/local/nginx/
[root@localhost nginx]# ls
conf  html  logs  sbin
[root@localhost nginx]# cd sbin/
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx 
[root@localhost sbin]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx		//檢視埠
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      11881/nginx: master 
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     53405    11881/nginx: master  
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     53404    11881/nginx: master  
[root@localhost sbin]# ps aux | grep nginx		//檢視程式
jia       5496  0.0  0.0 302400   852 ?        Sl   10:58   0:00 /usr/libexec/ibus-engine-simple
root     11881  0.0  0.0  20560   620 ?        Ss   11:23   0:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody   11882  0.0  0.1  23080  1632 ?        S    11:23   0:00 nginx: worker process
root     11896  0.0  0.1 112728   988 pts/0    S+   11:24   0:00 grep --color=auto ngin
```
# 設定為系統命令
```bash
[root@localhost sbin]# ln nginx /usr/local/sbin/
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -t		//檢查nginx語法
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s stop		//停止nginx
[root@localhost ~]# which nginx		//檢視啟動程式位置
/usr/local/sbin/nginx
```
# 方法一利用rc.local指令碼
rc.local是啟動載入檔案,在linux中要把一個程式加入開機啟動，一般可以透過修改rc.local來完成，這個檔案時開機就要載入的檔案，所以我們就可以利用linux這個檔案設定nginx開機自啟動
```bash
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/rc.local 		//檔案存放在/etc目錄下

下面時rc.local的檔案內容：

#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
```
利用這個檔案可以設定自己想在開機時啟動的命令，直接把自己想執行的命令寫到rc.local中就可以了
我們把nginx啟動命令加入此檔案中
```bash
[root@localhost ~]# echo sh /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx >> /etc/rc.local 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/rc.local 
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
如果你上面把nginx設定為系統命令那你就可以直接寫命令就好了
nginx
```
然後讓我們重啟系統再次檢視埠和程式
```bash
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
重啟後發現nginx自動啟動了
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      4847/nginx: master  
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     39265    4847/nginx: master   
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     39264    4847/nginx: master   
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep nginx
root      4847  0.0  0.0  20560   612 ?        Ss   11:45   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody    4848  0.0  0.1  23080  1388 ?        S    11:45   0:00 nginx: worker process
root      4860  0.0  0.1 112724   988 pts/0    S+   11:45   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@localhost ~]# 
```
# 方法二設定系統服務
## 推薦設定開機自啟
### 配置啟動生成pid檔案
pid檔案是程式檔案裡面存放的是程式執行的程式ID也就是程式號
nginx生成pid檔案需要修改配置檔案
**修改內容如下：**
```bash
預設配置檔案有這一條，如果沒有請在nginx.conf中找到這一條然後將前面註釋刪除就可以了
pid        logs/nginx.pid;
```

### 在/usr/lib/systemd/system路徑下新增nginx.service檔案
/usr/lib/systemd/system		此目錄是用來存放一些系統服務的
**nginx檔案內容：**
```bash
[root@localhost system]# cat nginx.service 
[Unit]
Description=nginx		//描述
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target		\\描述服務類別

[Service]
Type=forking		//設定執行方式，後臺執行
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid		//設定PID檔案
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx		//啟動命令
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID		//重啟命令
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID			//關閉命令
PrivateTmp=true		//分配獨立的臨時空間
*注意命令需要寫絕對路徑
[Install]		///服務安裝的相關設定，可設定為多使用者
WantedBy=multi-user.target		
```
**注意：此檔案需要754的許可權**
### 測試啟動關閉
```bash
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nginx		//啟動服務
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5249/nginx: master  
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     42458    5249/nginx: master   
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     42459    5249/nginx: master  
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop nginx			//關閉服務
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx			//重新啟動服務
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5289/nginx: master  
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     45346    5289/nginx: master   
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     45347    5289/nginx: master   
```
**需要注意的是使用之前執行指令碼來啟動服務的，無法使用此方法關閉服務**
### 設定開機自啟動
```bash
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable nginx
```
重啟看效果
```bash
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      4081/nginx: master  
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32429    4081/nginx: master   
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     32428    4081/nginx: master  
```
## init.d設定開機啟動
**init啟動方式在centos7系統版本已經不推薦使用了**
### 在/etc/init.d目錄中建立啟動檔案nginx
**檔案內容如下：**
```bash
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: 345 80 20	//啟動順序
# description: start the nginx deamon		//說明
# Source function library
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

prog=nginx
# 根據自己的路徑改寫CATALANA_HOME
CATALANA_HOME=/usr/local/nginx
export CATALINA_HOME

case "$1" in
start)
    echo "Starting nginx..."
    $CATALANA_HOME/sbin/nginx
    ;;

stop)
    echo "Stopping nginx..."
    $CATALANA_HOME/sbin/nginx -s stop
    ;;

restart)
    echo "Stopping nginx..."
    $CATALANA_HOME/sbin/nginx -s stop
    sleep 2
    echo
    echo "Starting nginx..."
    $CATALANA_HOME/sbin/nginx
    ;;
*)
    echo "Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart}"
    ;;
esac
exit 0
```
### 設定許可權
```bash
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx		//設定執行許可權
```
### 測試啟動
```bash
[root@localhost init.d]# service nginx start			//啟動nginx
Starting nginx (via systemctl):                            [  確定  ]
[root@localhost init.d]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      4081/nginx: master  
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     38534    4081/nginx: master   
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     38535    4081/nginx: master 
[root@localhost init.d]# service nginx stop			//關閉nginx
Stopping nginx (via systemctl):                            [  確定  ]
[root@localhost init.d]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx
[root@localhost init.d]# service nginx restart 			//重新啟動nginx
Restarting nginx (via systemctl):                          [  確定  ]
[root@localhost init.d]# netstat -anpl | grep nginx
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5304/nginx: master  
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     43218    5304/nginx: master   
unix  3      [ ]         STREA  
```
**在centos7中init.d中的服務預設也會在system目錄中**

編譯安裝nginx時配置開機自啟

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