1、Internals and Portability

Written in C and C++.用C和C++寫就。
Tested with a broad range of different compilers.透過大量不同的編譯器測試。
Works on many different platforms。適用於多種不同平臺。
For portability, uses CMake in MySQL 5.5 and up. Previous series use GNU Automake, Autoconf, and Libtool.可移植性。
Designed to be fully multi-threaded using kernel threads, to easily use multiple CPUs if they are available. 多執行緒支援
Provides transactional and nontransactional storage engines.支援事務和非事務儲存引擎。
Uses very fast B-tree disk tables (MyISAM) with index compression.
Designed to make it relatively easy to add other storage engines. This is useful if you want to provide an SQL interface for an in-house database.
Uses a very fast thread-based memory allocation system.
Executes very fast joins using an optimized nested-loop join.
Implements in-memory hash tables, which are used as temporary tables.
Implements SQL functions using a highly optimized class library that should be as fast as possible. Usually there is no memory allocation at all after query initialization.
Provides the server as a separate program for use in a client/server networked environment, and as a library that can be embedded (linked) into standalone applications. Such applications can be used in isolation or in environments where no network is available.

2、Data Types

Many data types: signed/unsigned integers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 bytes long, ,, , , , , , , , ,, , , , , and OpenGIS spatial types.
Fixed-length and variable-length string types.

3、Statements and Functions

Full operator and function support in the  list and WHERE clause of queries.
Full support for SQL GROUP BY and ORDER BY clauses. Support for group functions (, , , , , , and ).
Support for LEFT OUTER JOIN and RIGHT OUTER JOIN with both standard SQL and ODBC syntax.
Support for aliases on tables and columns as required by standard SQL.
Support for , , , and  to return the number of rows that were changed (affected), or to return the number of rows matched instead by setting a flag when connecting to the server.
Support for MySQL-specific  statements that retrieve information about databases, storage engines, tables, and indexes. Support for theINFORMATION_SCHEMA database, implemented according to standard SQL.
An  statement to show how the optimizer resolves a query.
Independence of function names from table or column names.
You can refer to tables from different databases in the same statement.

4、Security

A privilege and password system that is very flexible and secure, and that enables host-based verification.

Password security by encryption of all password traffic when you connect to a server.

5、Scalability and Limits

Support for large databases. We use MySQL Server with databases that contain 50 million records. We also know of users who use MySQL Server with 200,000 tables and about 5,000,000,000 rows.

Support for up to 64 indexes per table. Each index may consist of 1 to 16 columns or parts of columns. The maximum index width is 767 bytes for InnoDB tables, or 1000 for MyISAM. An index may use a prefix of a column for , , , or column types.

6、Connectivity

Clients can connect to MySQL Server using several protocols:

Clients can connect using TCP/IP sockets on any platform.
On Windows systems, clients can connect using named pipes if the server is started with the option. Windows servers also support shared-memory connections if started with the option. Clients can connect through shared memory by using the --protocol=memory option.
On Unix systems, clients can connect using Unix domain socket files.

MySQL client programs can be written in many languages. A client library written in C is available for clients written in C or C++, or for any language that provides C bindings.

APIs for C, C++, Eiffel, Java, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, and Tcl are available, enabling MySQL clients to be written in many languages.

The Connector/ODBC (MyODBC) interface provides MySQL support for client programs that use ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) connections. For example, you can use MS Access to connect to your MySQL server. Clients can be run on Windows or Unix. Connector/ODBC source is available. All ODBC 2.5 functions are supported, as are many others.

The Connector/J interface provides MySQL support for Java client programs that use JDBC connections. Clients can be run on Windows or Unix. Connector/J source is available.

MySQL Connector/Net enables developers to easily create .NET applications that require secure, high-performance data connectivity with MySQL. It implements the required ADO.NET interfaces and integrates into ADO.NET aware tools. Developers can build applications using their choice of .NET languages. MySQL Connector/Net is a fully managed ADO.NET driver written in 100% pure C#.

7、Localization

The server can provide error messages to clients in many languages.
Full support for several different character sets, including latin1 (cp1252), german, big5, ujis, several Unicode character sets, and more.
All data is saved in the chosen character set.
Sorting and comparisons are done according to the chosen character set and collation (using latin1and Swedish collation by default). It is possible to change this when the MySQL server is started. To see an example of very advanced sorting, look at the Czech sorting code. MySQL Server supports many different character sets that can be specified at compile time and runtime.
The server time zone can be changed dynamically, and individual clients can specify their own time zone.

8、Clients and Tools

MySQL includes several client and utility programs. These include both command-line programs such as and , and graphical programs such as .
MySQL Server has built-in support for SQL statements to check, optimize, and repair tables. These statements are available from the command line through the client. MySQL also includes, a very fast command-line utility for performing these operations on MyISAM tables.
MySQL programs can be invoked with the --help or -? option to obtain online assistance.

The Main Features of MySQL