關於oracle中大物件處理的一些方法和例項

longwansheng發表於2010-09-03
http://server.it168.com/server/2005-11-17/20051117038301.shtml[@more@]IT168 伺服器學院在oracle中,有4個大物件(lobs)型別可用,分別是blob,clob,bfile,nclob。

  下面是對lob資料型別的簡單介紹。

  l blob:二進位制lob,為二進位制資料,最長可達4GB,存貯在資料庫中。

  l clob:字元lob,字元資料,最長可以達到4GB,存貯在資料庫中。

  l bfile:二進位制檔案;存貯在資料庫之外的只讀型二進位制資料,最大長度由作業系統限制。

  l nclob:支援對位元組字符集合(nultibyte characterset)的一個clob列。

  對於如何檢索和操作這些lob資料一直是oracle資料庫開發者經常碰到的問題。下面我將在oracle對lob資料處理的一些方法和技巧,介紹給讀者,希望能夠對讀者以後的開發有所幫助。

  oracle中可以用多種方法來檢索或操作lob資料。通常的處理方法是透過dbms_lob包。

  其他的方法包括使用api(application programming interfaces)應用程式介面和oci(oracle call interface)oracle呼叫介面程式。  

  一、在oracle開發環境中我們可以用dbms_lob包來處理!dbms_lob包功能強大,簡單應用。既可以用來讀取內部的lob物件,也可以用來處理bfile物件。但處理兩者之間,還有一點差別。處理內部lob物件(blob,clob)時,可以進行讀和寫,但處理外部lob物件bfile時,只能進行讀操作,寫的操作可以用pl/sql處理。另外用sql也可以處理lob,但要注意sql僅可以處理整個lob,不能操作lob的資料片。

  在dbms_lob包中內建了read(),append,write(),erase(),copy(),getlength(),substr()等函式,可以很方便地操作lob物件。這裡不做深入討論,讀者可以參看相關的書籍。

  對於pl/sql,下面介紹一種技巧,用動態的pl/sql語句處理clob物件來傳替表名!

  example 1.

  動態PL/SQL,對CLOB欄位操作可傳遞表名table_name,表的唯一標誌欄位名field_id,clob欄位名field_name記錄號v_id,開始處理字元的位置v_pos,傳入的字串變數v_clob

  修改CLOB的PL/SQL過程:updateclob

  create or replace procedure updateclob(

  table_name in varchar2,

  field_id in varchar2,

  field_name in varchar2,

  v_id in number,

  v_pos in number,

  v_clob in varchar2)

  is

  lobloc clob;

  c_clob varchar2(32767);

  amt binary_integer;

  pos binary_integer;

  query_str varchar2(1000);

  begin

  pos:=v_pos*32766+1;

  amt := length(v_clob);

  c_clob:=v_clob;

  query_str :='select '||field_name||' from '||table_name||' where '||field_id||'= :id for update ';

  --initialize buffer with data to be inserted or updated

  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE query_str INTO lobloc USING v_id;

  --from pos position, write 32766 varchar2 into lobloc

  dbms_lob.write(lobloc, amt, pos, c_clob);

  commit;

  exception

  when others then

  rollback;

  end;

  l /用法說明:

  在插入或修改以前,先把其它欄位插入或修改,CLOB欄位設定為空empty_clob(),

  然後呼叫以上的過程插入大於2048到32766個字元。

  如果需要插入大於32767個字元,編一個迴圈即可解決問題。

  查詢CLOB的PL/SQL函式:getclob

  create or replace function getclob(

  table_name in varchar2,

  field_id in varchar2,

  field_name in varchar2,

  v_id in number,

  v_pos in number) return varchar2

  is

  lobloc clob;

  buffer varchar2(32767);

  amount number := 2000;

  offset number := 1;

  query_str varchar2(1000);

  begin

  query_str :='select '||field_name||' from '||table_name||' where '||field_id||'= :id ';

  --initialize buffer with data to be found

  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE query_str INTO lobloc USING v_id;

  offset:=offset+(v_pos-1)*2000;

  --read 2000 varchar2 from the buffer

  dbms_lob.read(lobloc,amount,offset,buffer);

  return buffer;

  exception

  when no_data_found then

  return buffer;

  end;

  l 用法說明:

  用select getclob(table_name,field_id,field_name,v_id,v_pos) as partstr from dual;

  可以從CLOB欄位中取2000個字元到partstr中,

  編一個迴圈可以把partstr組合成dbms_lob.getlength(field_name)長度的目標字串。  

  二、對於在其他不同的開發環境,例如vc,vb,pb,java等環境下對lob的處理,處理方法不盡相同,在這裡將簡要舉幾個例子來說明不在oracle開發環境下對lob的處理。

  (一) 在pb中的處理

  exampler 2.

  string ls_path,ls_filename,ls_jhdh

  long ll_num,ll_count,rtn

  blob ole_blob

  ll_num=dw_lb.getrow()

  if ll_num>0 then ls_jhdh=dw_lb.object.ct_njhdh[ll_num]

  select count(*) into :ll_count from sj_jh_jhfjb where ct_jhdlxbh='1' and ct_jhdh=:ls_jhdh and ct_jdlxbh=:is_jdlx;

  if ll_count>0 then

  rtn=messagebox("提示","是否要修改此附件",question!,yesno!,1)

  if rtn=1 then

  SELECTBLOB ct_jhfjnr INTO le_blob from sj_jh_jhfjb where ct_jhdlxbh='1' and ct_jhdh=:ls_jhdh and ct_jdlxbh=:is_jdlx;

  ole_1.objectdata =ole_blob

  If ole_1.activate(offsite!) <> 0 Then

  Messagebox("OLE Activate","不能啟用")

  Return -1

  end If

  end if

  else

  messagebox("提示","沒有附件")

  end if

  end if

  (二)在vb中的處理

  在vb中處理大物件,一般可以用OO4O(oracle objects for ole)來處理大物件。這裡介紹一種不用0040處理大物件blob的方法。

  下面這段程式可以將一個檔案(文字檔案,doc檔案,圖象檔案等)儲存到資料庫中,並可以將其從資料庫讀出

  需要兩個commandbutton

  cmd1 名稱 cmdsave caption 儲存

  cmd2 名稱 cmdread caption 讀取

  一個cmddialog控制元件

  同時需要建立一張表t_demo(欄位id 型別 number,;欄位text 型別 blob;)

  exmple 3.

  Option Explicit

  Dim rn As ADODB.Connection

  Public Function CreateDataSource(DataSource As String, UserID As String, Password As String) As Boolean

  On Error GoTo DbConErr:

  Set rn = New ADODB.Connection

  With rn

  .ConnectionString = "Provider=OraOledb.Oracle.1;" & _

  "password=" [$ Password & "]" & _

  "User ID =" [$ UserID & "]" & _

  "Data Source=" [$ DataSource & "]" & _

  "Locale Identifier=2052"

  .Open

  End With

  CreateDataSource = True

  Exit Function

  DbConErr:

  CreateDataSource = False

  End Function

Private Sub cmdRead_Click()

  Dim rs As New ADODB.Recordset

  rs.ActiveConnection = rn

  rs.LockType = adLockOptimistic

  rs.CursorLocation = adUseClient

  rs.Source = "select * from t_demo"

  rs.Open

  ComDlgDir.DialogTitle = "儲存檔案"

  ComDlgDir.Filter = "*.*"

  ComDlgDir.ShowSave

  Call BlobToFile(rs.Fields("text"), ComDlgDir.filename)

  Set rs = Nothing

  Exit Sub

  Set rs = Nothing

  End Sub

  Private Sub cmdsave_Click()

  Dim rs As New ADODB.Recordset

  rs.ActiveConnection = rn

  rs.LockType = adLockOptimistic

  rs.CursorLocation = adUseClient

  rs.Source = "select * from t_demo"

  rs.Open

  rs.AddNew

  ComDlgDir.DialogTitle = "選取檔案"

  ComDlgDir.ShowOpen

  rs.Fields("id").Value = 1

  If ComDlgDir.filename <> "" Then

  Call FileToBlob(rs.Fields("text"), ComDlgDir.filename)

  rs.Update

  End If

  Set rs = Nothing

  Exit Sub

  Set rs = Nothing

  End Sub

  Private Sub Form_Load()

  If Not CreateDataSource("sid", "systemp", "manager") Then

  MsgBox "Connection failure!"

  End If

  End Sub

fld As ADODB.Field, filename As String, Optional ChunkSize As Long = 8192)

  Dim fnum As Integer, bytesleft As Long, bytes As Long

  Dim tmp() As Byte

  If (fld.Attributes And adFldLong) = 0 Then

  Err.Raise 1001, , "field doesn't support the GetChunk method."

  End If

  If Dir$(filename) = "" Then Err.Raise 53, , "File not found"

  fnum = FreeFile

  Open filename For Binary As fnum

  bytesleft = LOF(fnum)

  Do While bytesleft

  bytes = bytesleft

  If bytes > ChunkSize Then bytes = ChunkSize

  ReDim tmp(1 To bytes) As Byte

  Get fnum, , tmp

  fld.AppendChunk tmp

  bytesleft = bytesleft - bytes

  Loop

  Close #fnum

  End Sub

  Sub BlobToFile(fld As ADODB.Field, filename As String, Optional ChunkSize As Long = 8192)

  Dim fnum As Integer, bytesleft As Long, bytes As Long

  Dim tmp() As Byte

  If (fld.Attributes And adFldLong) = 0 Then

  Err.Raise 1001, , "field doesn't support the GetChunk method."

  End If

  If Dir$(filename) <> "" Then Kill filename

  fnum = FreeFile

  Open filename For Binary As fnum

  bytesleft = fld.ActualSize

  Do While bytesleft

  bytes = bytesleft

  If bytes > ChunkSize Then bytes = ChunkSize

  tmp = fld.GetChunk(bytes)

  Put #fnum, , tmp

  bytesleft = bytesleft - bytes

  Loop

  Close #fnum

  End Sub

(三)用jdbc處理lob

  exmple 4.

  首先是Getting BLOB and CLOB Locators from a Result Set

  // Select LOB locator into standard result set.

  ResultSet rs =stmt.executeQuery ("SELECT blob_col, clob_col FROM lob_table");

  while (rs.next())

  {// Get LOB locators into Java wrapper classes.

  oracle.jdbc2.Blob blob = (oracle.jdbc2.Blob)rs.getObject(1);

  oracle.jdbc2.Clob clob = (oracle.jdbc2.Clob)rs.getObject(2);

  [...process...]

  }

  然後是Read BLOB data from BLOB locator.

  InputStream byte_stream = my_blob.getBinaryStream();

  byte [] byte_array = new byte [10];

  int bytes_read = byte_stream.read(byte_array);

  和Writing BLOB Data

  java.io.OutputStream outstream;

  // read data into a byte array

  byte[] data = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};

  // write the array of binary data to a BLOB

  outstream = ((BLOmy_blob).getBinaryOutputStream();

  outstream.write(data);

  還有Passing a BLOB Locator to a Prepared Statement

  OraclePreparedStatement ops = (OraclePreparedStatement)conn.prepareStatement

  "INSERT INTO blob_table VALUES(?)");

  ops.setBLOB(1, my_blob);

  ops.execute();

  最後應該注意:

  insert的時候一定要用empty_blob()初始化

  stmt.execute ("insert into my_blob_table values ('row1', empty_blob()");

  (四)在pro*c中的處理

  PRO*C可以用三種方式對LOB欄位處理。

  1、The DBMS_LOB package inside PL/SQL blocks.

  2、OCI (Oracle Call Interface) function calls.

  3、Embedded SQL statements.

  Embedded SQL statements.的方式簡單而且比較靈活。OTN上提供一個例子:

  In this example we will be reading data from a BLOB with an unknown arbitrary length into a buffer and then writing the data from the buffer into an external file.

  Our buffer is small, so depending on the size of the BLOB we are reading, we may

  be able to read the BLOB value into the buffer in a single READ statement or we

  may be required to utilize a standard polling method instead.

  First we start off with oci.h and some simple local variable declarations

  example 5.

  #include

  OCIBlobLocator *blob ;

  FILE *fp ;

  unsigned int amt, offset = 1 ;

  Now we need a buffer to store the BLOB value and then write to the file from:

  #define MAXBUFLEN 5000

  unsigned char buffer[MAXBUFLEN] ;

  EXEC SQL VAR buffer IS RAW(MAXBUFLEN) ;

  Allocate the BLOB host variable and select a BLOB which we will READ:

  EXEC SQL ALLOCATE :blob ;

  EXEC SQL SELECT a_blob INTO :blob FROM lob_table WHERE ... ;

  We can then open the external file to which we will write the BLOB value:

  fp = fopen((const char *)"image.gif", (const char *)"w") ;

  If the buffer can hold the entire LOB value in a single READ we need to catch the

  NOT FOUND condition to signal LOB READ termination:

  EXEC SQL WHENEVER NOT FOUND GOTO end_of_lob ;

  Now do our first READ.We set the amount to the maximum value of 4 Gigabytes. It

  is larger than our buffer so if the LOB doesn't fit we will READ using a polling

  mode:

  amt = 4294967295 ;

  EXEC SQL LOB READ :amt FROM :blob AT ffset INTO :buffer ;

  If we get here then it means that the buffer was not large enough to hold the entire

  LOB value, so we must write what we have using binary I/O and continue reading:

  (void) fwrite((void *)buffer, (size_t)MAXBUFLEN, (size_t)1, fp) ;

  We use a standard polling method to continue reading with the LOB READ inside

  of an infinite loop. We can set up the NOT FOUND condition to terminate the loop:

  EXEC SQL WHENEVER NOT FOUND DO break ;

  while (TRUE)

  {

  During polling, the offset is not used so we can omit it in subsequent LOB READs.

  We need the amount, however, because it will tell us how much was READ in the

  last READ invocation

  EXEC SQL LOB READ :amt FROM :blob INTO :buffer ;

  (void) fwrite((void *)buffer, (size_t)MAXBUFLEN, (size_t)1, fp) ;

  }

  Here, we have reached the end of the LOB value. The amount holds the amount of

  the last piece that was READ. During polling, the amount for each interim piece

  was set to MAXBUFLEN, or the maximum size of our buffer:

  end_of_lob:

  (void) fwrite((void *)buffer, (size_t)amt, (size_t)1, fp) ;

  (五) 在delphi中的處理

  對於lob欄位而言,個人認為其使用比long型別有很大的靈活性,而且lob欄位可以儲存各類的資料,可以儲存圖片,大量的文字,現就clob跟blob兩種型別加以說明,其中blob儲存圖片資訊,clob儲存大量文字。

  exmple 6.

  Create table test_table

  (c_no number(1) not null,

  c_blob blob,

  c_clob clob,

  constraint pk_test_table primary key (c_no));

  unit Unit1;

  interface

  uses

  Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,

  Dialogs, StdCtrls, DBCtrls, Grids, DBGrids, DB, DBTables, ExtDlgs;

  type

  TForm1 = class(TForm)

  Database1: TDatabase; //用於連線資料庫

  Table1: TTable; //獲取表資訊

  DataSource1: TDataSource;

  DBGrid1: TDBGrid;

  DBMemo1: TDBMemo; //顯示c_clob欄位內容

  DBImage1: TDBImage; //顯示c_blob欄位內容

  Button1: TButton; //插入按鈕

  Button2: TButton; //儲存按鈕

  Table1C_NO: TFloatField; //Tfiled

  Table1C_BLOB: TBlobField;

  Table1C_CLOB: TMemoField;

  OpenPictureDialog1: TOpenPictureDialog; //從檔案獲取圖片

  OpenDialog1: TOpenDialog; //從檔案獲取文字

  procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

  procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);

  private

  { Private declarations }

  public

  { Public declarations }

  end;

  var

  Form1: TForm1;

  implementation

  {$R *.dfm}

  procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

  begin //插入操作

  with Table1 do

  begin

  Insert; //將表狀態置為插入狀態

  if OpenPictureDialog1.Execute then //獲得圖片資訊

  Table1C_BLOB.LoadFromFile(OpenPictureDialog1.FileName);

  if OpenDialog1.Execute then //獲得文字資訊

  Table1C_CLOB.LoadFromFile(OpenDialog1.FileName);

  end;

  end;

  procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);

  begin //提交插入內容

  try

  Table1.Post;

  except

  Application.MessageBox('錯誤發生','警告',0);

  end;

  end;

  end.

  注意:

  openpiceturedilog只能開啟dmp,ico,wmf等檔案,事先需要將圖片檔案格式儲存成這幾類;在文字欄位不從檔案獲得時,可以手動輸入本例只是對lob欄位的一個小小的探索,用法不當及需改正之處,還請多多指教。

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