ABAP常用字串操作收集整理

字串首字元索引為 0; Character Fields: C,N, D, T, string (CNDT=> CN Data Time)

1. 字串連線
CONCATENATE dobj1 dobj2 ... INTO result
[IN { BYTE | CHARACTER } MODE]
[SEPARATED BY sep].

2.字串分隔, split 一個string的部分到一個內表或一系列的變數
SPLIT dobj AT sep INTO
{ {result1 result2 ...} | {TABLE result_tab} }
[IN {BYTE|CHARACTER} MODE].

3. 字串查詢, 在一個字串中查詢模式串(FIND or SEARCH)
FIND sub_string
IN SECTION [OFFSET off] [LENGTH len] OF dobj --&gt 灰色部分用來縮小目的串被查詢的範圍
[ IN { BYTE | CHARACTER } MODE ]
[ { RESPECTING | IGNORING } CASE ]
[ MATCH OFFSET moff ] [MATCH LENGTH mlen ].

FIND 'knows'
IN SECTION OFFSET 5 OF 'Everybody knows this is nowhere'
MATCH OFFSET moff " => moff = 10
MATCH LENGTH mlen. " => mlen= 5

在字串dobj中查詢pattern
SEARCH dobj FOR pattern [IN { BYTE | CHARACTER } MODE]
[STARTING AT p1] [ENDING AT p2]
[ABBREVIATED]
[AND MARK].
if sy-subrc = 0. then SY-FDPOS = 返回pattern在dobj中的位置
About pattern:
'pat' - 忽略尾部空格
'.pat.' -不忽略尾部空格
'*pat' - 以pat結尾
'pat*' - 以pat開始
單詞是指:　用 空格 , ; : ? ! () / + =分隔的字串

4. 字串替換
REPLACE SECTION [OFFSET off] [LENGTH len]
OF dobj WITH new
[IN { BYTE | CHARACTER } MODE].

REPLACE [{FIRST OCCURRENCE}|{ALL OCCURRENCES} OF]
[SUBSTRING] sub_string
IN [SECTION [OFFSET off] [LENGTH len] OF ] dobj WITH new
[IN {BYTE|CHARACTER} MODE]
[{RESPECTING|IGNORING} CASE]
[REPLACEMENT COUNT rcnt]
[REPLACEMENT OFFSET roff]
[REPLACEMENT LENGTH rlen].
eg:
DATA: text1 TYPE string VALUE 'xababx'.
REPLACE 'ab' IN text1 WITH 'xx'. --&gt xxxabx

5. 去前導0 (Remove leading zero)
SHIFT dobj LEFT DELETING LEADING '0'.
FM : CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT

增前導0 (Add leading zero)
DATA v_s(5).
UNPACK '123' to v_s. ==> v_s = '00123'
FM: CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_INPUT

SHIFT dobj
[{BY num PLACES} | {UP TO sub_string}]
[LEFT|RIGHT] [CIRCULAR]
SHIFT dobj
{LEFT DELETING LEADING} | {RIGHT DELETING TRAILING} pattern.
[IN {BYTE|CHARACTER} MODE].

6. 字串的長度, 內表的行數
STRLEN( dobj) 字串的長度
LINES( itab ) 內表的行數

7. 刪字串中的空格: CONDENSE text [NO-GAPS].

8. 大小寫轉換，字元變換
TRANSLATE text {TO {UPPER|LOWER} CASE} | {USING pattern}.
eg: text = `Barbcbdbarb`.
TRANSLATE text USING 'ABBAabba'. =>'Abracadabra'

9. CONVERT
CONVERT DATE dat [TIME tim [DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME dst]]
INTO TIME STAMP time_stamp TIME ZONE tz.

CONVERT TIME STAMP time_stamp TIME ZONE tz
INTO [DATE dat] [TIME tim]
[DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME dst].

CONVERT TEXT text INTO SORTABLE CODE hex.

10. OVERLAY text1 WITH text2 [ONLY pattern].
如果不指定後面的ONLY pattern, text1中的空格會被text2中的對應字元替代
如果指定只有匹配的字元才會被替代，注意大小寫敏感

11. 模式匹配
CO / CN contains only or notCA / NA contains any or not anyCS / NS contain string or not
CP / NP contains pattern or not

NOTE:
a) . CO, NO, CA, NA比較時區分大小寫，　並且尾部空格也在比較的範圍之內
data: s1(10) value 'aabb'.
if s1 co 'ab' ==> false
if s1 co 'ab ' ==>true
CS, NS, CP, NP不區分大小寫和尾部空格

b) .對於CP, NP
* = s?
+ = s
# 換碼字元, 用於匹配 *, +這樣的字元
##
#*
#+
#___ 比較結尾空格
#[a-z] 在CP, NP中強制區分大小寫

c) . 比較結束後，如果結果為真，sy-fdpos將給出s2在s1中的偏移量資訊

12. 特殊字元
在字串中加入回車換行或TAB字元，在其他語言可以使用$13$10這樣的ASCII碼進行插入.但在ABAP中要使用sap的類CL_ABAP_CHAR_UTILITIES. 裡面有字元常量:CR_LF,HORIZONTAL_TAB,NEWLINE等等.

13. 字串位操作
DATA: v_s(10) value 'abcd'.
v_s+0(1) = 'b'.
v_s+2(*) = '12'.
=> v_s = 'bb12'.