Oracle分析函式參考手冊(轉)二

RANK
功能描述：根據ORDER BY子句中表示式的值，從查詢返回的每一行，計算它們與其它行的相對位置。組內的資料按ORDER BY子句排序，然後給每一行賦一個號，從而形成一個序列，該序列從1開始，往後累加。每次ORDER BY表示式的值發生變化時，該序列也隨之增加。有同樣值的行得到同樣的數字序號（認為null時相等的）。然而，如果兩行的確得到同樣的排序，則序數將隨後跳躍。若兩行序數為1，則沒有序數2，序列將給組中的下一行分配值3，DENSE_RANK則沒有任何跳躍。
SAMPLE：下例中計算每個員工按部門分割槽再按薪水排序，依次出現的序列號（注意與DENSE_RANK函式的區別）

SELECT d.department_id , e.last_name, e.salary, RANK()
OVER (PARTITION BY e.department_id ORDER BY e.salary) as drank
FROM employees e, departments d
WHERE e.department_id = d.department_id
AND d.department_id IN ('60', '90');

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME SALARY DRANK
------------- ------------------------- ---------- ----------
60 Lorentz 4200 1
60 Austin 4800 2
60 Pataballa 4800 2
60 Ernst 6000 4
60 Hunold 9000 5
90 Kochhar 17000 1
90 De Haan 17000 1
90 King 24000 3

RATIO_TO_REPORT
功能描述：該函式計算expression/(sum(expression))的值，它給出相對於總數的百分比，即當前行對sum(expression)的貢獻。
SAMPLE：下例計算每個員工的工資佔該類員工總工資的百分比

SELECT last_name, salary, RATIO_TO_REPORT(salary) OVER () AS rr
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'PU_CLERK';

LAST_NAME SALARY RR
------------------------- ---------- ----------
Khoo 3100 .223021583
Baida 2900 .208633094
Tobias 2800 .201438849
Himuro 2600 .18705036
Colmenares 2500 .179856115

REGR_ (Linear Regression) Functions
功能描述：這些線性迴歸函式適合最小二乘法迴歸線，有9個不同的迴歸函式可使用。
REGR_SLOPE：返回斜率，等於COVAR_POP(expr1, expr2) / VAR_POP(expr2)
REGR_INTERCEPT：返回迴歸線的y截距，等於
AVG(expr1) - REGR_SLOPE(expr1, expr2) * AVG(expr2)
REGR_COUNT：返回用於填充迴歸線的非空數字對的數目
REGR_R2：返回迴歸線的決定係數，計算式為：
If VAR_POP(expr2) = 0 then return NULL
If VAR_POP(expr1) = 0 and VAR_POP(expr2) != 0 then return 1
If VAR_POP(expr1) > 0 and VAR_POP(expr2 != 0 then
return POWER(CORR(expr1,expr),2)
REGR_AVGX：計算迴歸線的自變數(expr2)的平均值，去掉了空對(expr1, expr2)後，等於AVG(expr2)
REGR_AVGY：計算迴歸線的應變數(expr1)的平均值，去掉了空對(expr1, expr2)後，等於AVG(expr1)
REGR_SXX： 返回值等於REGR_COUNT(expr1, expr2) * VAR_POP(expr2)
REGR_SYY： 返回值等於REGR_COUNT(expr1, expr2) * VAR_POP(expr1)
REGR_SXY: 返回值等於REGR_COUNT(expr1, expr2) * COVAR_POP(expr1, expr2)

（下面的例子都是在SH使用者下完成的）
SAMPLE 1：下例計算1998年最後三個星期中兩種產品（260和270）在週末的銷售量中已開發票數量和總數量的累積斜率和迴歸線的截距

SELECT t.fiscal_month_number "Month", t.day_number_in_month "Day",
REGR_SLOPE(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)
OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_desc, t.day_number_in_month) AS CUM_SLOPE,
REGR_INTERCEPT(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)
OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_desc, t.day_number_in_month) AS CUM_ICPT
FROM sales s, times t
WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id
AND s.prod_id IN (270, 260)
AND t.fiscal_year=1998
AND t.fiscal_week_number IN (50, 51, 52)
AND t.day_number_in_week IN (6,7)
ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_desc, t.day_number_in_month;

Month Day CUM_SLOPE CUM_ICPT
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
12 12 -68 1872
12 12 -68 1872
12 13 -20.244898 1254.36735
12 13 -20.244898 1254.36735
12 19 -18.826087 1287
12 20 62.4561404 125.28655
12 20 62.4561404 125.28655
12 20 62.4561404 125.28655
12 20 62.4561404 125.28655
12 26 67.2658228 58.9712313
12 26 67.2658228 58.9712313
12 27 37.5245541 284.958221
12 27 37.5245541 284.958221
12 27 37.5245541 284.958221

SAMPLE 2：下例計算1998年4月每天的累積交易數量

SELECT UNIQUE t.day_number_in_month,
REGR_COUNT(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)
OVER (PARTITION BY t.fiscal_month_number ORDER BY t.day_number_in_month)
"Regr_Count"
FROM sales s, times t
WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id
AND t.fiscal_year = 1998 AND t.fiscal_month_number = 4;

DAY_NUMBER_IN_MONTH Regr_Count
------------------- ----------
1 825
2 1650
3 2475
4 3300
.
.
.
26 21450
30 22200

SAMPLE 3：下例計算1998年每月銷售量中已開發票數量和總數量的累積迴歸線決定係數

SELECT t.fiscal_month_number,
REGR_R2(SUM(s.amount_sold), SUM(s.quantity_sold))
OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_number) "Regr_R2"
FROM sales s, times t
WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id
AND t.fiscal_year = 1998
GROUP BY t.fiscal_month_number
ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_number;

FISCAL_MONTH_NUMBER Regr_R2
------------------- ----------
1
2 1
3 .927372984
4 .807019972
5 .932745567
6 .94682861
7 .965342011
8 .955768075
9 .959542618
10 .938618575
11 .880931415
12 .882769189

SAMPLE 4：下例計算1998年12月最後兩週產品260的銷售量中已開發票數量和總數量的累積平均值

SELECT t.day_number_in_month,
REGR_AVGY(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)
OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_desc, t.day_number_in_month)
"Regr_AvgY",
REGR_AVGX(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)
OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_desc, t.day_number_in_month)
"Regr_AvgX"
FROM sales s, times t
WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id
AND s.prod_id = 260
AND t.fiscal_month_desc = '1998-12'
AND t.fiscal_week_number IN (51, 52)
ORDER BY t.day_number_in_month;

DAY_NUMBER_IN_MONTH Regr_AvgY Regr_AvgX
------------------- ---------- ----------
14 882 24.5
14 882 24.5
15 801 22.25
15 801 22.25
16 777.6 21.6
18 642.857143 17.8571429
18 642.857143 17.8571429
20 589.5 16.375
21 544 15.1111111
22 592.363636 16.4545455
22 592.363636 16.4545455
24 553.846154 15.3846154
24 553.846154 15.3846154
26 522 14.5
27 578.4 16.0666667

SAMPLE 5：下例計算產品260和270在1998年2月週末銷售量中已開發票數量和總數量的累積REGR_SXY, REGR_SXX, and REGR_SYY統計值

SELECT t.day_number_in_month,
REGR_SXY(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)
OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_year, t.fiscal_month_desc) "Regr_sxy",
REGR_SYY(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)
OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_year, t.fiscal_month_desc) "Regr_syy",
REGR_SXX(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)
OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_year, t.fiscal_month_desc) "Regr_sxx"
FROM sales s, times t
WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id
AND prod_id IN (270, 260)
AND t.fiscal_month_desc = '1998-02'
AND t.day_number_in_week IN (6,7)
ORDER BY t.day_number_in_month;

DAY_NUMBER_IN_MONTH Regr_sxy Regr_syy Regr_sxx
------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4
1 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4
1 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4
1 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4
7 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4
8 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4
14 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4
15 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4
21 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4
22 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

ROW_NUMBER
功能描述：返回有序組中一行的偏移量，從而可用於按特定標準排序的行號。
SAMPLE：下例返回每個員工再在每個部門中按員工號排序後的順序號

SELECT department_id, last_name, employee_id, ROW_NUMBER()
OVER (PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY employee_id) AS emp_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id < 50;

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME EMPLOYEE_ID EMP_ID
------------- ------------------------- ----------- ----------
10 Whalen 200 1
20 Hartstein 201 1
20 Fay 202 2
30 Raphaely 114 1
30 Khoo 115 2
30 Baida 116 3
30 Tobias 117 4
30 Himuro 118 5
30 Colmenares 119 6
40 Mavris 203 1

STDDEV
功能描述：計算當前行關於組的標準偏離。（Standard Deviation）
SAMPLE：下例返回部門30按僱傭日期排序的薪水值的累積標準偏離

SELECT last_name, hire_date,salary,
STDDEV(salary) OVER (ORDER BY hire_date) "StdDev"
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 30;

LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE SALARY StdDev
------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Raphaely 07-12月-94 11000 0
Khoo 18-5月 -95 3100 5586.14357
Tobias 24-7月 -97 2800 4650.0896
Baida 24-12月-97 2900 4035.26125
Himuro 15-11月-98 2600 3649.2465
Colmenares 10-8月 -99 2500 3362.58829

STDDEV_POP
功能描述：該函式計算總體標準偏離，並返回總體變數的平方根，其返回值與VAR_POP函式的平方根相同。（Standard Deviation－Population）
SAMPLE：下例返回部門20、30、60的薪水值的總體標準偏差

SELECT department_id, last_name, salary,
STDDEV_POP(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY department_id) AS pop_std
FROM employees
WHERE department_id in (20,30,60);

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME SALARY POP_STD
------------- ------------------------- ---------- ----------
20 Hartstein 13000 3500
20 Fay 6000 3500
30 Raphaely 11000 3069.6091
30 Khoo 3100 3069.6091
30 Baida 2900 3069.6091
30 Colmenares 2500 3069.6091
30 Himuro 2600 3069.6091
30 Tobias 2800 3069.6091
60 Hunold 9000 1722.32401
60 Ernst 6000 1722.32401
60 Austin 4800 1722.32401
60 Pataballa 4800 1722.32401
60 Lorentz 4200 1722.32401

STDDEV_SAMP
功能描述： 該函式計算累積樣本標準偏離，並返回總體變數的平方根，其返回值與VAR_POP函式的平方根相同。（Standard Deviation－Sample）
SAMPLE：下例返回部門20、30、60的薪水值的樣本標準偏差

SELECT department_id, last_name, hire_date, salary,
STDDEV_SAMP(salary) OVER
(PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY hire_date
ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS cum_sdev
FROM employees
WHERE department_id in (20,30,60);

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE SALARY CUM_SDEV
------------- ------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
20 Hartstein 17-2月 -96 13000
20 Fay 17-8月 -97 6000 4949.74747
30 Raphaely 07-12月-94 11000
30 Khoo 18-5月 -95 3100 5586.14357
30 Tobias 24-7月 -97 2800 4650.0896
30 Baida 24-12月-97 2900 4035.26125
30 Himuro 15-11月-98 2600 3649.2465
30 Colmenares 10-8月 -99 2500 3362.58829
60 Hunold 03-1月 -90 9000
60 Ernst 21-5月 -91 6000 2121.32034
60 Austin 25-6月 -97 4800 2163.33077
60 Pataballa 05-2月 -98 4800 1982.42276
60 Lorentz 07-2月 -99 4200 1925.61678

SUM
功能描述：該函式計算組中表示式的累積和。
SAMPLE：下例計算同一經理下員工的薪水累積值

SELECT manager_id, last_name, salary,
SUM (salary) OVER (PARTITION BY manager_id ORDER BY salary
RANGE UNBOUNDED PRECEDING) l_csum
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id in (101,103,108);

MANAGER_ID LAST_NAME SALARY L_CSUM
---------- ------------------------- ---------- ----------
101 Whalen 4400 4400
101 Mavris 6500 10900
101 Baer 10000 20900
101 Greenberg 12000 44900
101 Higgins 12000 44900
103 Lorentz 4200 4200
103 Austin 4800 13800
103 Pataballa 4800 13800
103 Ernst 6000 19800
108 Popp 6900 6900
108 Sciarra 7700 14600
108 Urman 7800 22400
108 Chen 8200 30600
108 Faviet 9000 39600


VAR_POP
功能描述：（Variance Population）該函式返回非空集合的總體變數（忽略null），VAR_POP進行如下計算：
(SUM(expr2) - SUM(expr)2 / COUNT(expr)) / COUNT(expr)
SAMPLE：下例計算1998年每月銷售的累積總體和樣本變數（本例在SH使用者下執行）

SELECT t.calendar_month_desc,
VAR_POP(SUM(s.amount_sold))
OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_desc) "Var_Pop",
VAR_SAMP(SUM(s.amount_sold))
OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_desc) "Var_Samp"
FROM sales s, times t
WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id AND t.calendar_year = 1998
GROUP BY t.calendar_month_desc;

CALENDAR Var_Pop Var_Samp
-------- ---------- ----------
1998-01 0
1998-02 6.1321E+11 1.2264E+12
1998-03 4.7058E+11 7.0587E+11
1998-04 4.6929E+11 6.2572E+11
1998-05 1.5524E+12 1.9405E+12
1998-06 2.3711E+12 2.8453E+12
1998-07 3.7464E+12 4.3708E+12
1998-08 3.7852E+12 4.3260E+12
1998-09 3.5753E+12 4.0222E+12
1998-10 3.4343E+12 3.8159E+12
1998-11 3.4245E+12 3.7669E+12
1998-12 4.8937E+12 5.3386E+12

VAR_SAMP
功能描述：（Variance Sample）該函式返回非空集合的樣本變數（忽略null），VAR_POP進行如下計算：
(SUM(expr*expr)-SUM(expr)*SUM(expr)/COUNT(expr))/(COUNT(expr)-1)
SAMPLE：下例計算1998年每月銷售的累積總體和樣本變數

SELECT t.calendar_month_desc,
VAR_POP(SUM(s.amount_sold))
OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_desc) "Var_Pop",
VAR_SAMP(SUM(s.amount_sold))
OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_desc) "Var_Samp"
FROM sales s, times t
WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id AND t.calendar_year = 1998
GROUP BY t.calendar_month_desc;

CALENDAR Var_Pop Var_Samp
-------- ---------- ----------
1998-01 0
1998-02 6.1321E+11 1.2264E+12
1998-03 4.7058E+11 7.0587E+11
1998-04 4.6929E+11 6.2572E+11
1998-05 1.5524E+12 1.9405E+12
1998-06 2.3711E+12 2.8453E+12
1998-07 3.7464E+12 4.3708E+12
1998-08 3.7852E+12 4.3260E+12
1998-09 3.5753E+12 4.0222E+12
1998-10 3.4343E+12 3.8159E+12
1998-11 3.4245E+12 3.7669E+12
1998-12 4.8937E+12 5.3386E+12

VARIANCE
功能描述：該函式返回表示式的變數，Oracle計算該變數如下：
如果表示式中行數為1，則返回0
如果表示式中行數大於1，則返回VAR_SAMP
SAMPLE：下例返回部門30按僱傭日期排序的薪水值的累積變化

SELECT last_name, salary, VARIANCE(salary)
OVER (ORDER BY hire_date) "Variance"
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 30;

LAST_NAME SALARY Variance
------------------------- ---------- ----------
Raphaely 11000 0
Khoo 3100 31205000
Tobias 2800 21623333.3
Baida 2900 16283333.3
Himuro 2600 13317000
Colmenares 2500 11307000

=====================================
連續求和問題：
select name,sum(cnt) over(order by rownum) from t1

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